Abstract: A thin-film resistor that has a stable electric resistance, the phase transformation to the ?-phase being suppressed even in the high temperature environment, is provided. The thin-film resistor has a layered structure of: a base layer formed of a double-layered film in which an alloy film containing nickel and copper, an alloy film containing nickel and chromium or an alloy film containing copper and manganese is stacked on a tantalum film, or formed of a single alloy film containing nickel and chromium; and an electric resistance layer formed of a ?-phase tantalum film or an alloy film mainly containing ?-phase tantalum, and deposited on the base layer, the electric resistance layer having a crystal structure in which (002) plane of the ?-phase crystal is most strongly oriented to the layer surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting transistor device, including: a bipolar pnp transistor structure having a p-type collector, an n-type base, and a p-type emitter; a first tunnel junction coupled with the collector, and a second tunnel junction coupled with the emitter; and a collector contact coupled with the first tunnel junction, an emitter contact coupled with the second tunnel junction, and a base contact coupled with the base; whereby, signals applied with respect to the collector, base, and emitter contacts causes light emission from the base by radiative recombination in the base.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing signals representative of an image of a scene including the following steps: providing an image sensor with a lenticular lens pattern thereon, and projecting the image onto the image sensor via the lenticular lens pattern, the image sensor having a pixel element pattern and the lenticular lens pattern being diagonally oriented with respect to said pixel element pattern; and producing image-representative signals by reading out signals from the pixel elements of the image sensor.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical output, including the following steps: providing first and second electrical signals; providing a bipolar light-emitting transistor device that includes collector, base, and emitter regions; providing a collector electrode coupled with the collector region and an emitter electrode coupled with the emitter region, and coupling electrical potentials with respect to the collector and emitter electrodes; providing an optical coupling in optical communication with the base region; providing first and second base electrodes coupled with the base region; and coupling the first and second electrical signals with the first and second base electrodes, respectively, to produce an optical output emitted from the base region and coupled into the optical coupling, the optical output being a function of the first and second electrical signals.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for performing user identification, digital signatures and other secure communication functions in which keys are chosen essentially at random from a large set of vectors and key lengths are comparable to the key lengths in other common identification and digital signature schemes at comparable security levels. The signing technique of an embodiment of the identification/digital signature scheme hereof uses a mixing system based on multiplication in a ring and reduction modulo an ideal q in that ring; while the verification technique uses special properties of products of elements whose validity depends on elementary probability theory. The security of the identification/digital signature scheme comes from the interaction of reduction modulo q and the difficulty of forming products with special properties.

Abstract: A method for making a heterojunction bipolar transistor includes the following steps: forming a heterojunction bipolar transistor by depositing, on a substrate, subcollector, collector, base, and emitter regions of semiconductor material; the step of depositing the subcollector region including depositing a material composition transition from a relatively larger bandgap material nearer the substrate to a relatively smaller bandgap material adjacent the collector; and the step of depositing the collector region including depositing a material composition transition from a relatively smaller bandgap material adjacent the subcollector to a relatively larger bandgap material adjacent the base.

Abstract: A method for producing controllable light pulses includes the following steps: providing a heterojunction bipolar transistor structure including collector, base, and emitter regions of semiconductor materials; providing an optical resonant cavity enclosing at least a portion of the transistor structure; and coupling electrical signals with respect to the collector, base, and emitter regions, to switch back and forth between a stimulated emission mode that produces output laser pulses and a spontaneous emission mode. In a form of the method, the electrical signals include an AC excitation signal, and part of each excitation signal cycle is operative to produce stimulated emission, and another part of each excitation signal cycle is operative to produce spontaneous emission.

Abstract: A method for producing electronic video signals representative of color images of a scene, includes the following steps: providing a sensor having a color filter thereover; providing a motion picture film camera type of lens system that focuses light from the image onto the color filter and sensor; and producing electronic video signals from the output of the sensor; the sensor including a sensor array having alternate lines offset by half a pixel spacing, and diagonally coupled pixels on successive lines, and the color filter having repeating R, G, and B patterns offset on successive lines so that R pixels are arranged diagonally, G pixels are arranged diagonally, and B pixels are arranged diagonally.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes the following steps: providing a plurality of semiconductor layers; providing means for coupling signals to and/or from layers of the device; providing a quantum well disposed between adjacent layers of the device; and providing a layer of quantum dots disposed in one of the adjacent layers, and spaced from the quantum well, whereby carriers can tunnel in either direction between the quantum well and the quantum dots.

Abstract: A method for implementing a cutover of a subscriber telephone line from a telephone line of a first exchange to a telephone line of a second exchange, includes the following steps: providing a controllable switch that is operative, in response to a control signal, to couple the subscriber telephone line to either the telephone line of the first exchange or the telephone line of the second exchange; providing a controller, coupled with at least one of the telephone line of the first exchange and the telephone line of the second exchange, for producing the control signal, coupled to the switch, upon receiving a predetermined signal over said at least one of the telephone line of the first exchange and the telephone line of the second exchange; initially setting the switch to couple the subscriber telephone line to the telephone line of the first exchange; and sending the predetermined signal over at least one of the telephone line of the first exchange and the telephone line of the second exchange, whereby the

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing progressive scan signals representative of an image of a scene, including the following steps: providing an image sensor onto which the image is projected, the image sensor having a diagonal pixel pattern; producing frame pairs as follows: during one frame of a frame pair, outputting pixel values alternately from successive adjacent line pairs of the sensor, starting at an odd numbered line, and, during the other frame of a frame pair, outputting pixel values alternately from successive adjacent line pairs of the sensor, starting at an even numbered line.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes the following steps: providing a plurality of semiconductor layers; providing means for coupling signals to and/or from layers of the device; providing a layer of quantum dots disposed between adjacent layers of the device; and providing an auxiliary layer disposed in one of the adjacent layers, and spaced from the layer of quantum dots, the auxiliary layer being operative to communicate carriers with the layer of quantum dots.

Abstract: A method for producing electronic video signals representative of a focused moveable image includs the following steps: providing a charge coupled device, masking substantially less than half of the lines of the device to form a masked storage area and a substantially larger unmasked sensing area; disposing the sensing area in the path of the image; providing a shutter for periodically blocking the image from the sensing area; and providing clocking signals to the device to shift sensed lines of the image from the sensing area to the storage area and to clock image representative electronic video signals out of the device.

Abstract: A method for producing electronic signals representative of images on a source film includes the following steps: illuminating the film with a light source to obtain an illuminated frame; providing an electronic image sensor; providing a lens array for projecting the illuminated frame on the electronic image sensor, and providing an aperture in conjunction with the lens array for high spatial frequency cutoff in the image; and reading out image representative electronic signals from the electronic image sensor.

Abstract: A method for enhancing operation of a bipolar light-emitting transistor includes the following steps: providing a bipolar light-emitting transistor having emitter, base, and collector regions; providing electrodes for coupling electrical signals with the emitter, base, and collector regions; and adapting the base region to promote carrier transport from the emitter region toward the collector region by providing, in the base region, several spaced apart quantum size regions of different thicknesses, with the thicknesses of the quantum size regions being graded from thickest near the collector to thinnest near the emitter.

Abstract: A technique for producing electronic video signals representative of color images of a scene includes use of a regular CCD for the color channel and a back-thinned CCD for a luminance channel; a technique for deriving blue and reconstructing full resolution R, G, B from full resolution white and a red and green checkerboard pattern; and a technique for deriving an automatic gain control signal using an unshielded white area on the CCD to obtain a white reference.

Abstract: A controlled cooking system (CCS) that monitors, measures, and controls the internal temperature of foods placed in an oven having a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) antenna(s), a transmitter/receiver/interrogator/reader/microprocessor (TRIRM) module and an RFID tag with built-in temperature sensor. The RFID tag is buried in the food being cooked and is energized and enabled by an RF signal of pre-determined frequency. The tag output is an RF “backscatter signal” having encoded temperature data indicative of the internal temperature of the food that the tag is buried in. The backscatter signal is received and decoded by the antenna(s) and the TRIRM module incorporating a programmed cooking/baking temperatures for various foods. If the decoded temperature is below a user-set temperature, the TRIRM module allows the oven to remain on.

Abstract: For use in conjunction with a system for producing, at a transmitter location, time division multiplexed (TDM) frames having a plurality of channels of information signals and framing signals, communicating the frames from the transmitter location to a receiver location, and, at the receiver location, deframing the received frames to obtain frame timing signals and a bitstream of information signals which are coupled with a plurality of operating units. A technique for responding very quickly, upon loss of the TDM signal, to prevent misoperation of the operating units, including: at the transmitter, inserting a preselected pattern of bits in a timeslot of the information signals; at the receiver, detecting, in the deframed bit stream, the absence of the preselected pattern of bits, and producing a control signal in response; and producing override information signals that are coupled to the operating units when the control signal is present.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for displaying images represented by image-representative video signals. In one embodiment, an apparatus is provided for displaying images represented by image-representative input signals, including: rows of micro light sources, such as microlasers or LEDs for producing sheets of light; a diffractive panel, in the path of the sheets of light, which receives the input signals and diffracts the sheets of light to obtain diffracted light imparted with image-representative information; and a Schleiren optical system for processing the diffracted light to produce images represented by the image-representative input signals.

Abstract: A method for performing a cryptographic operation involving transforming digital information is described. A digital operator is provided that has a component selected from a large set of elements. The component is expanded into a plurality of factors, each factor having a low Hamming weight. Digital information is transformed using the digital operator. Computer readable medium embody instructions for the method.