Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, friction welding two components such as universal joint members to the ends of a shaft, wherein the shaft is held stationary while the components are rotated against its ends to produce welding conditions, and then released as welding pressure is applied while the components are braked. Allowing the shaft to rotate with the end component during formation of the welds avoids weld quality problems occurring due to the formation and tearing apart of a succession of welds during the time which would be taken for the end components to come to rest if the shaft were held stationary.

Abstract: A friction clutch incorporates a flywheel 11, a driven plate 23, and pressure plate 16 with friction interfaces 24 and 25 between pairs of these members lubricated and/or cooled by fluid flung out centrifugally. A generally bell shaped distribution member constituted by a conical member 41 and part of the driven plate hub member 33 directs fluid past the interface 25 to a passage leading outward to the interface 24. Apertures 47 around the circumference of the distribution member allow some fluid to escape through the distribution member through a radial passage to the interface 25. Substantially equal distribution of oil between the two interfaces is achieved.

Abstract: Apparatus for overhead welding a first metal plate to a second metal plate comprising a base; an electrically insulated support for granular flux, adapted to span and cover with flux an overhead joint to be welded, on the base; a welding wire guide for directing the wire to an overhead joint covered by the flux support; and a flux feeder at least partially supported by the base for forcing granular welding flux onto the flux support to cover the joint with flux.A method of welding using the apparatus is also disclosed.

Abstract: Starch-containing raw materials for the saccharification can be ground at a higher rate and with more economy of energy by mashing the material with hot water, pre-gelatinizing it and then grinding it in the shearing field of a rotor-stator machine having intermeshing radial surfaces. Preferably, enzymes are added already to the mash and hot stillage is used as hot water. Starting material having different grain sizes is previously screened and introduced into the process at different points.

Abstract: There is disclosed a shrimp processing machine which includes a new and improved means for separating the shrimp meat from the shrimp shells. The machine includes a plurality of processing stations including a meat separating station which separates the shrimp meat from the shrimp shells. The machine also includes a carrier for transferring the shrimp through the processing stations and a conveyor means for conveying the shrimp to be processed to the carrier. The carrier is arranged to transfer the shrimp along a descending path through the meat separating station. The meat separating station includes a plurality of spike members or tines which are arranged for reciprocal movement to a protracted position into the shrimp for penetrating the shrimp and coacting with the carrier for separating the shrimp meat from the shrimp shells and to a retracted position for movement out of the shrimp meat for releasing the separated shrimp meat.

Abstract: There is described a process for the production of a 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid, or a salt, ester or amide thereof, which comprises cyclization of a corresponding 2-aminobenzoyl pyruvic acid or an ester thereof, and if desired or necessary converting the resulting product to an appropriate salt, ester or amide thereof, or vice versa.

Abstract: A damper device insertable into a slotted duct or flue without cutting completely through the duct, including a sleeve conforming to the duct cross-section and adapted for insertion through the slot to nest within the un-cut duct portion. A damper plate with stiffener ribs is rotatably mounted within the sleeve. An apertured cover plate slightly larger than the duct slot size is located to overlap the slot for mounting the damper device to the duct, and a spacer plate may be placed intermediate and rigidly attached to the cover plate and the sleeve for reinforcing the support at one end of a damper shaft. The damper shaft may be rotated manually or by means of a motor mounted by a bracket to the cover plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an airfoil shape for flight at high subsonic speeds, of the type comprising a flat convex upper surface, a thick leading edge and a lower surface convex towards the leading edge and concave towards the trailing, in which airfoil the upper surface comprises a maximum curvature in the vicinity of its rear part, in a zone delimited by points located at distances from the leading edge equal to 65 and 90% of the chord of the airfoil. The invention is applicable to the production of fixed or rotary wings for aircraft, having a high divergence Mach number and a low drag.

Abstract: The system comprises means for supplying into the inner space of the passenger compartment two series of air flows, and namely a first series of substantially pulsating air flows, each of which pulsating air flows is cyclically interrupted for a pre-established period of time, the said flows of the first series being supplied into the upper region of the said space, in which region normally the heads of the passengers in the said passenger compartment are situated, and a second series of substantially continuous air flows, the said flows of the second series being supplied into the low region of the said space.

Abstract: A mechanism for dispensing a single generally flat rectangular article having a penetrable surface, such as a newspaper, from a stack of articles within an enclosure, preferably a coin controlled enclosure, comprising a spring loaded vertically movable generally horizontally disposed elevator platform for supporting a stack of articles and an article engaging structure mounted above the stack including a reciprocable bracket movable forwardly, rearwardly and vertically having spaced pin brackets which are pivotally moveable about an axis parallel with the lateral walls of the enclosure with each of the brackets having a depending article penetrating structure adapted to engage and move the uppermost article in the stack outwardly through an article dispensing opening in the front wall of the enclosure when the bracket is moved into its forwardly position.

Abstract: A cover for protecting a pile or mound of particulate material in outside storage so that the material is not contaminated, eroded, dissolved or dispersed by the weather. The cover is provided by a plurality of elongated panels that are connected together along their side edges by seams so that the panels and seams extend perpendicularly from the perimeter of the base of the pile toward the top or apex thereof. Some of the panels of the cover are of a material that is porous to gas and nonporous to liquids, and other of the panels are of a material that is nonporous to both gas and liquids. The different porosity panels are arranged in alternating relation in the cover. The seams are reinforced by strips of reinforcing material sewn thereto. Supplemental lengths of weight retaining strips are secured to some of the perpendicularly extending seams at points spaced upwardly from the margin of the cover.

Abstract: Compacted carbonaceous shapes are produced by mixing a particulate carbonaceous material with a binder, forming green shapes from the mixture, and heating the green shapes by induction heating or microwave heating or a combination thereof. The process is particularly adapted for making formcoke.

Abstract: The structure includes two flat side frames connected by crosspieces, each of which has a pair of shafts pivoted together and provided with wheels; a slide is slidable on one of these by the action of rotation of a third shaft pivoted on one of the preceding ones and controls, by a connection element, the associated rotation of the two first shafts to vary their relative angular positions.

Abstract: The invention concerns a document shredding machine of the kind comprising two cutter assemblies, each assembly comprising a drive shaft upon which cutter discs are mounted at spaced intervals, the assemblies being mounted so that the discs of one assembly enter into the gaps between the discs of the other assembly with little or no clearance, the machine comprising a drive mechanism to rotate the drive shafts in opposite directions, so that the overlapping discs collectively act to cut material fed into the nip of the machine into narrow strips. One of the cutter assemblies is capable of movement away from its normal working position, whereby when thick documentary material is fed into the nip, as would otherwise tend to jam the machine, the cutter discs may be permitted to separate somewhat allowing the documentary material to pass through the machine without jamming.

Abstract: A gondola railway car comprising a car truck attached to each end of a continuous center sill, a pair of generally vertical end panels, a pair of generally vertical side panels joined to the end panels, a plurality of cross bearers extending from the center sill to a longitudinal chord at the bottom of each side panel, a car bottom between the end and side panels having substantially flat portions over the trucks and a longitudinal trough portion between the trucks and the flat bottom portions, the trough portion having side edges joined to the side panel bottom edges and extending beneath the center sill, and an end wall at each end of the trough extending to the adjacent flat bottom portion.

Abstract: Graphic means in the form of one or more symbols applied to one or more of the panels of a plurality of cargo containers to be loaded in a cargo receiving space, such as the cargo receiving space of a vehicle. The symbols provide graphic instructions to a loader as to how the cargo containers should be oriented in the cargo space of a vehicle in order to obtain a loading pattern which substantially maximizes the number of cartons that can be loaded in the cargo receiving space. The loading pattern obtained from the graphic instructions provided by the symbols also serves to reduce the clearance between the cartons and the walls of the cargo receiving space and hence the possibility of damage to cargo in the containers or cartons due to shifting while in transit.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a tool for boring or drilling holes in relatively hard, thick material such as sheet steel. The borer includes a tubular, cylindrical part having cutting teeth on one end edge. The borer part is designed to be rotated on its tubular axis and to be advanced in a forward direction to move the teeth against the material to be bored. The teeth are circumferentially spaced and are, alternately, inner cutting teeth and outer cutting teeth. The teeth are formed at the leading corners of radially thickened portions of the part, and channels or grooves are formed between the spaced teeth for the efficient removal of shavings. The teeth cut an annular groove, the inner teeth cutting at the radially inner corner of the groove and the outer teeth cutting at the radially outer corner of the groove.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and device for obtaining the derivation of an analog electric signal P varying slowly as a function of a variable t. According to the invention, a combination of analog means, digital means, analog-to-digital conversion means and digital-to-analog conversion means is used to form the ration (.DELTA.P/.DELTA.t). The invention is applicable to a vertical speed indicator for aircraft.

Abstract: A seat is attached atop a trunnion member rotatably mounted within an intermediate tubular member vertically slidable within a tubular base member. Structure is provided for reducing wear between rubbing surfaces on the trunnion member and the intermediate member, and this same structure functions as part of the elevating mechanism for the intermediate member.