Abstract: Control data is efficiently serially transferred to a drive device for driving a motor without involving the CPU. Data buffers are allocated at specific memory addresses. An address decoder decodes a memory address output to the address bus and applies a write enable signal to the corresponding data buffer to write data to that data buffer by DMA transfer. When data is written to a data buffer, a sequencer circuit compiles control data, based on data in that data buffers, in a shift register, and serially transfers the control data one bit at a time on a serial transfer line synchronized to a clock.

Abstract: A piezoactuator has a diaphragm, and the diaphragm has flat piezoelectric elements that oscillate in a longitudinal oscillation mode and a sinusoidal oscillation mode. A first electrode for detecting oscillation in the longitudinal oscillation mode, and a second electrode for detecting the amplitude of oscillation in the sinusoidal oscillation mode, are disposed on the surface of the diaphragm. When the piezoactuator is driven with a drive signal, the phase difference of a first detection signal output from the first electrode and a second detection signal output from the second electrode is detected. The frequency at which the detected phase difference becomes the maximum phase difference is then obtained, and a drive signal of a matching frequency is applied to the piezoelectric elements.

Abstract: To match where electrons are injected when writing and where holes are injected when erasing in a MONOS-type nonvolatile memory device, two control gates are formed between a word gate on respective intervening ONO gate insulation layers which, in turn, are formed on a substrate. The third layers (silicon oxide layer) are absent over respective portions of the second layers along the lengths of the second gate insulation layers to form shoulders. The electron injection position when writing and the hole injection position when erasing can thus be confined to the neighborhood of the shoulder(s) where the third layer is removed.

Abstract: A display driver IC with a built-in RAM that can restrain an increase in its power consumption even when the total number of memories in the column direction increases. Such a display driver IC has a main read line that is commonly used by memory cells in the same column arranged along a column direction and transmits display data that is read from successively selected memory cells. The memory cells are divided at a specified number thereof in the column direction to form blocks. Each of the column-blocks is provided with a sub-read line, and display data read from one of the memory cells in each of the blocks is transferred through the corresponding sub-read line. A main switch is provided to selectively connect a corresponding one of the sub-read lines to the main read line. Each of the memory cells is provided with a sub-switch that selectively connects to a corresponding sub-read line.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal device, spherical-shaped semiconductor devices are mounted in a dispersive fashion on a wiring pattern extending toward a liquid crystal sealing region from input terminals connected to a flexible board. Each spherical-shaped semiconductor device is produced by forming a semiconductor device element on the surface of a spherical-shaped semiconductor material. In production of an electro-optical panel, MIS transistors are first produced in the form of spherical-shaped semiconductor devices, and then one spherical-shaped semiconductor device is installed in each pixel on an active matrix substrate, thereby allowing the MIS transistors to be produced at an optimum temperature without restriction caused by heat resistance of the substrate. When the active matrix substrate is adhesively bonded to an opposite substrate, the spherical-shaped semiconductor devices serve as spacers which allow the substrates to be precisely spaced a desired distance apart from each other.

Abstract: Color processing architecture and algorithms (CPAA) for color laser printers process and handle incoming RGB image data effectively to achieve high performance, high quality image printing with low memory requirements. CPAA supports a new data structure for faster raster operation processing (ROP) for color laser printers. The CPAA architecture advantageously improves the flow of data through the processing pipeline to provide high speed at higher resolutions, e.g., at 600 and 1200 dpi. An advance quantizer using multilevel dithering flexibly reduces bits to support fast ROP and to enable fast conversion to CMYK data with only a simple look-up table (LUT) operation by a color matching module, while an adaptive filter maintains high image quality.

Abstract: A first control unit 110 and second control unit 120 are disposed to a portable data terminal 100 having a heavy load group 140 and light load group 150. The first control unit 110 detects the output voltage of a secondary battery 105 and controls power supply to the heavy load group 140 by switching a first switch S1. When the first control unit 110 stops power supply to the heavy load group 140, it outputs a low level control signal CC to the second control unit 120. The load of driving the second control unit 120 is designed to be smaller than the load of driving the first control unit 110. When the control signal CC is received, the second control unit 120 starts detecting the output voltage of the secondary battery 105, and stops power supply to the switch light load group 150 and first control unit 110 if the output voltage is detected to drop to a preset threshold voltage.

Abstract: Improved data embedding and extracting techniques provide a way to embed and extract messages in text sections of documents during copying. Extracted text pixels are grouped together to form text lines of the document. From this formation, a document layout is constructed that is used to embed the message in the text pixels. Each text line is partitioned into blocks, and those of which contain a certain threshold percentage of text pixels are identified as valid. Each valid block is used to embed one bit of information by labeling text pixels of that block with a certain predetermined color. The embedding of bits in valid blocks in a particular text line is done in a column-wise raster order. Only one message character (which may be comprised of multiple bits) is embedded in a particular text line, although that character may be embedded multiple times in the same line if there are enough valid blocks.

Abstract: A power supply circuit and control method enable faster startup after the power source turns on, and then supplies power with high efficiency to keep power consumption low. The power supply circuit has a charge pump step-down circuit, a first regulator, a switching circuit, and a switching control circuit. The step-down circuit steps down the power supply potential VDD to generate a step-down potential by charge pumping based on a step-down clock supplied from the LCD controller. When the system power source turns on a switching signal generated by the switching control circuit causes the switching circuit to select and output the adjusted potential from the first regulator as the output voltage VOUT. When a subsequent switching signal is applied the switching circuit selects and outputs the step-down potential from the step-down circuit as the output voltage VOUT. The step-down circuit may output a step-down potential after the potential is adjusted by a second regulator.

Abstract: Adaptive filtering techniques for hardware or software implementation, which selectively use median and low-pass filters to reduce artifacts based on local document features, are disclosed. Specific techniques for low- and high-resolution documents are provided. A fast and memory efficient algorithm for computing the median on a 3×3 pixel neighborhood is also disclosed, and is used in the filtering technique for high-resolution documents.

Abstract: A mobile telephone device effects the image and voice communication with the other party of communication through a network. The mobile telephone device transmits the voice received from the other party, to a headset having a voice input/output unit by local radio communication, and receives by local radio communication and transmits to the other party the voice received from the headset. Also, the mobile telephone device transmits the image received from the other party to a wearable radio communication device having an imaging unit and a display unit by local radio communication, and receives by local radio communication and transmits to the other party the image from the wearable radio communication device. The wearable radio communication device receives an image from the mobile telephone device by local radio communication and displays it on the display unit, and picks up an image by the imaging unit and transmits it to the mobile telephone device by local radio communication.

Abstract: An electronic device in which a braking torque can be increased while reduction in power generation is suppressed, and in which a rotor is prevented from stopping or rotating at an excessive speed. Such an electronic device includes a generator which is driven by an mechanical energy source and a rotation controller which controls the rotational period of the generator.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device includes a liquid-crystal display panel having plural scanning electrodes in the form of lines and plural signal electrodes in the form of lines, a scanning signal generation section for supplying a scanning signal to each of the scanning electrodes, a data signal supply section for supplying a data signal to each of the signal electrodes, and a signal selection section. The signal selection circuit selectively controls each of the scanning electrodes so as to be capable of producing a display or so as to be incapable of producing a display. The scanning signal generation section, which is capable of generating h (h is an integer of 2 or more) types of scanning signals, supplies a scanning signal to each of the h scanning electrodes capable of producing a display at the same time in one period, and supplies the scanning signal to each of the other h scanning electrodes capable of producing a display at the same time in another period.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining certain correction factors in analyzing the vibration frequency characteristics of an electroded crystal plate. The developed correction factors are introduced to correct the inaccuracies of third-order thickness-shear cut-off frequencies. The analysis is preferably carried out during the design of a piezoelectric device incorporating the electroded crystal plate before production of the device.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for determining certain correction factors and using these correction factors in analyzing the vibration frequency characteristics of a piezoelectric material. The correction factors are developed based on the Mindlin plate theory and are introduced to correct the inaccuracies of higher-order thickness-shear cut-off frequencies. The analysis is preferably carried out during the design of a piezoelectric device incorporating the piezoelectric material and before production of the piezoelectric device. The design state may also include determining whether the device and its electrodes exhibit appropriate stiffness characteristics.

Abstract: A dispersion medium, for dispersing electrophoretic particles in an electrophoretic display device, contains an organic compound having two or more rings in its structural formula, where the organic compound comprises at least about 30% by weight of the dispersion medium. The thus constituted dispersion medium improves the reliability and response of the electrophoretic device. The organic compound comprises one or more of the materials defined by the structural formulae (1) to (4), wherein each of A1 to A6, C1, and C2 are ring compounds.

Abstract: An inside notch (37) serving as an adjusting section is provided for a magnetic balancing adjustment between stators (31 and 32) and a rotor (12). The inside notch acts to reduce cogging torque, thereby allowing the rotor to rotate using a slight torque. Therefore, the rotor can be more readily started without using a complicated structure, can be prevented from easily stopping due to an external disturbance, and can be made more reliable. In reducing the cogging torque, it is not necessary to reduce the number of magnetic flux lines by, for example, making a rotor magnet (12b) smaller, making it possible to maintain the efficiency with which electrical power is produced.

Abstract: When a communications terminal has stopped operating because it is off-line, data received from a host is efficiently stored to a receive buffer so that receive buffer full states cannot easily occur. A data interpreter interprets the receive buffer content in the input order. An action buffer stores interpreted commands. A command execution controller executes commands in the action buffer in first-in first-out order. The data interpreter continues interpreting the received data even when operation of the command execution controller is stopped, and kills without storing to the action buffer any real-time commands detected by the data interpreter.

Abstract: A wavelet transform coding technique is provided, which may be part of TROBIC or may be used independently in a wide variety of compression applications. The wavelet coding technique is carried out by a simple block codec with wavelets (SBCW) that uses wavelet filters to transform 32×2 image blocks into subband coefficients organized in a tree structure. These coefficients are then encoded using a novel entropy coding technique with precise rate control. The Two Row Buffer Image Compression (TROBIC) technique operates on 32×2 blocks of pixels and uses a block-based coding scheme to provide alternative coding modes for image blocks containing different types of image data.

Abstract: A program for decoding variable-length codes like Huffman codes is generated by receiving information describing a particular coding scheme that defines an association between source symbols and the variable-length codes, generating a binary tree that represents the coding scheme, generating a lookup table from the binary tree that can be used to decode variable-length codes having a length less than or equal to a threshold length, and processing the binary tree and the lookup table to generate the decode program.