Abstract: Copolymers of at least three monomer units selected from the group consisting of fluorinated acrylic (methacrylic) monomers, triorganosilylacrylic (e.g. trimethylsilyl methacrylate) monomers and acrylic monomers not containing an organosilyl moiety, (e.g. methyl methacrylate) and optionally containing from 0-5 weight percent of a cross-linking agent are novel compositions useful as polymeric binders in long life marine antifoulant coatings.

Abstract: A solar-control glass that has acceptable visible light transmission, absorbs near infrared wavelength light (NIR) and reflects midrange infrared light (low emissivity mid IR) along with a preselected color within the visible light spectrum for reflected light is provided. Also provided is a method of producing the improved, coated, solar-controlled glass. The improved glass has a solar energy (NIR) absorbing layer comprising tin oxide having a dopant such as antimony and a low emissivity control layer (low emissivity) capable of reflecting midrange infrared light and comprising tin oxide having fluorine and/or phosphorus dopant. A separate iridescence color suppressing layer as described in the prior art is generally not needed to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance for the coated glass, however an iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer assemblage provided by the present invention.

Abstract: A solar-control glass that has acceptable visible light transmission, absorbs near infrared wavelength light (NIR) and reflects midrange infrared light (low emissivity mid IR) along with a preselected color within the visible light spectrum for reflected light is provided. Also provided is a method of producing the improved, coated, solar-controlled glass. The improved glass has a solar energy (NIR) absorbing layer comprising tin oxide having a dopant such as antimony and a low emissivity control layer (low emissivity) capable of reflecting midrange infrared light and comprising tin oxide having fluorine and/or phosphorus dopant. A separate iridescence color suppressing layer as described in the prior art is generally not needed to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance for the coated glass, however an iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer assemblage provided by the present invention.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand—solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction comprising passing reactants for a esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or a urethane, urea, silicone

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing polyesters, in particular, to using a lithium titanyl oxalate as the catalyst for such reaction to provide fast reactions with excellent color properties for the resulting polyester. The present invention provides an improved method of producing polyester by the polycondensation of polyester forming reactants wherein the improvement comprises utilizing, as the polycondensation catalyst, lithium titanyl oxalate. The improved process produces a polyester of improved color versus other titanyl oxalate catalysts and a novel polyester without the presence of antimony.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for manufacturing polyesters, in particular, to using a lithium titanyl oxalate as the catalyst for such reaction to provide fast reactions with excellent color properties for the resulting polyester. The present invention provides an improved method of producing polyester by the polycondensation of polyester forming reactants wherein the improvement comprises utilizing, as the polycondensation catalyst, lithium titanyl oxalate. The improved process produces a polyester of improved color versus other titanyl oxalate catalysts and a novel polyester without the presence of antimony.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand-solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction comprising passing reactants for a esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino forming reaction or a urethane, urea, silicone, or a

Abstract: The present invention concerns the deposition of fluorine modified, titanium dioxide films (TiO2) onto hot glass by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) using TiCl4 vapor. The invention is also suitable for depositing other metallic oxide films from their metallic halides such as SnCl4, GeCl4, and VCl4. The present invention provides a process that deposits a novel, fluorine modified, titanium dioxide film (TiO2) onto hot glass by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using TiCl4 vapor. The process uses injection of TiCl4 into a hot, nonoxygen containing carrier gas and blends the carrier gas and TiCl4 vapor with an oxygen containing gas stream containing a haze reducing quantity of a fluorine containing compound before contacting a surface of hot glass with the blended mixture. The process is capable of depositing a fluorine modified, TiO2 film at deposition rates exceeding 900 Å per second. The crystalline phase of the fluorine modified film is essentially anatase.

Abstract: The present invention is based upon the discovery that nontitanyl oxalates can enhance the catalytic functionality of titanyl oxalate catalysts. This invention provides a novel catalytic composition containing a titanyl oxalate catalyst and a metallic oxalate catalyst enhancer and optionally containing a metallic cocatalyst such as an antimony based catalyst. A synergistic relationship has been discovered between titanyl oxalate catalyst and the catalyst enhancer. A synergistic relationship has also been discovered between the titanyl oxalate catalyst, catalyst enhancer and a metallic cocatalyst such as antimony oxide or antimony triacetate.

Abstract: A solar-control glass that has acceptable visible light transmission, absorbs near infrared wavelength light (NIR) and reflects midrange infrared light (low emissivity mid IR) along with a preselected color within the visible light spectrum for reflected light is provided. Also provided is a method of producing the improved, coated, solar-controlled glass. The improved glass has a solar energy (NIR) absorbing layer comprising tin oxide having a dopant such as antimony and a low emissivity control layer (low emissivity) capable of reflecting midrange infrared light and comprising tin oxide having fluorine and/or phosphorus dopant. A separate iridescence color suppressing layer as described in the prior art is generally not needed to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance for the coated glass, however an iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer assemblage provided by the present invention.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand-solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino form.

Abstract: This invention provides: (a) new organotin functionalized silanes: (b) a solid prepared by chemically bonding organotin functionalized silanes to a solid inorganic support containing surface hydroxy groups: (c) a solid catalyst prepared from said supported organotin functionalized silane; (d) a process for conducting esterification or transesterification, and urethane, urea, silicone, and amino forming reaction utilizing said solid supported catalyst; (e) a process of separating the solid supported catalyst from the reaction products employing ligand--solid separation techniques; (f) reuse of the solid supported catalyst after being separated from the reaction products; (g) a continuous esterification or transesterification reaction or urethane, urea, silicone, or amino form.

Abstract: A method is described for strengthening or restoring strength to a flat brittle oxide substrate which includes the steps of coating the edges of the brittle oxide substrate with a strengthening composition without coating a significate portion of the flat surfaces. The strengthen brittle oxide substrate such as glass and a window containing as the window pane the edge strengthen glass are also provided.

Abstract: Dual cure organotin salts of strong organic acids, the use of such salts as catalysts and an improved process for producing the catalysts are provided. The catalysts are capable of effectively catalyzing esterification and transesterification reactions and urethane, silicone, melamine, ester and acrylic forming reactions and can simultaneously catalyze more than one reaction in a mixture of urethane, silicone, amino, ester and acrylic polymer forming reactants to produce a polymer mixture.

Abstract: Liquid methyltin halide compositions and their use as intermediates in chemical synthesis and as precursors for forming tin oxide coatings on substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed: ##STR1## wherein L.sup.1 is a main group atom, L.sup.2 is a neutral ligand, M is a transition element or a metal element of Group 13, 14, 15, or 16 of the Periodic Table, x is the number of coordination sites of M, R.sup.1 is a polymerizable group, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are ligands, and R.sup.5 is an anionic ligand. The compounds or monomers of formula (I) are capable of conversion to polymers by combination with one or more other known monomers, such as methyl methacrylate. Such polymers can then be added as a binder in a paint formulation to make marine antifouling coating compositions. Also described is a method to prevent fouling on surfaces wherein a composition containing a metal complex compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein M, x, L.sup.2, n, and R.sup.4 have the same meaning as in formula (I), is applied to the surface susceptible to fouling.

Abstract: Active Rhodium catalyst and impurities are separated from a hydroformylation process stream containing both active and inactive organo-rhodium catalyst by binding active catalyst and impurities to an acidic ion exchange resin containing an acidic group. The purified hydroformylation stream can be returned to the hydroformylation reactor. All or a portion of inactive rhodium can be reactivated before recycling purified hydroformylation process stream to the reactor. During regeneration of the resin, a neutral solvent is used first to remove impurities which are discarded, then an acidic solvent is used to remove active organic rhodium catalyst from the resin. Such active catalyst can be rehydrided and returned to the hydroformylation reactor. An ion exchange resin having at least one acid group disposed on a silica backbone and an active organo-rhodium complex from a hydroformylation process stream bound to the resin can be produced.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a polystannoxane catalyst, a curable composition containing the catalyst and a method of using the catalyst and curing the composition. The curable composition comprises:(i) a blocked isocyanate;(ii) a functional component containing reactive hydrogen;(iii) a polystannoxane catalyst for promoting the reaction of the blocked isocyanate with the functional component.A co-catalyst may also be employed based on Cu, Zn, Ni, Zr, Ce, Fe, Co, V, Sb and Bi and especially oxides, salts or chelates of said metals. The invention also relates to a method for curing a blocked isocyanate at a low reaction temperature which comprises combining the catalyst with the blocked isocyanate and functional component and heating to a temperature less than about 180.degree. C. to obtain a cured urethane.

Abstract: Liquid methyltin halide compositions and their use as intermediates in chemical synthesis and as precursors for forming tin oxide coatings on substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for coating hot glass bottles are improved by providing a controlled non-turbulent air supply directed downward across the coating material stream. The apparatus has a relocated blower for delivering process fluid (e.g. air) into an end of a plenum upper chamber, passing the air first through an permeable attenuator, then into a lower plenum chamber and finally through a diffuser plate to provide a uniform stream of process air directed downward across the coating-material stream into the finish region of the bottle. In the method, process air is blown to a plenum, through an angled attenuator plate with small holes to distribute the process air evenly and to avoid standing waves and regions of high or low air velocity. Several attenuator plates can be juxtaposed to permit removal of particulates by movement of the plates relative to each other. An iris or throttle valve after the blower can be used as an additional method of controlling the force and velocity of process air.