Abstract: An opening is formed in resin by a laser beam so that a via hole is formed. Copper foil, the thickness of which is reduced to 3 &mgr;m by etching to lower the thermal conductivity, is used as a conformal mask. Therefore, an opening is formed in the resin and the number of irradiation of pulse-shape laser beam is reduced. Thus, occurence of undercut of the resin, which forms an interlayer insulating resin layer, can be prevented and the reliability of the connection of the via holes can be improved.

Abstract: A control device for a permanent magnet motor serving as both a starter for an engine and a generator in a motor vehicle is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and equipment for network independent clocking in a telecommunication system, particularly in data transmission where the maximum data rate on a traffic channel is equal to the user data rate. In the invention a transmitter compares the network independent clock and the network clock to detect a slip and, upon detecting a slip, performs compensation of the network independent clock by changing the number of the redundant bits in user data. The user data is transmitted through a traffic channel to a receiver. The receiver, upon detecting the network independent clock compensation in the received user data, restores the original redundancy and temporarily adjusts the network independent clock so as to compensate for the change caused by the restoration of the redundancy in the outbound user data stream.

Abstract: A layer comprising cobalt (Co) is formed on a p+ layer by vapor deposition, and a layer comprising gold (Au) is formed thereon. The two layers are alloyed by a heat treatment to form a light-transmitting electrode. The light-transmitting electrode therefore has reduced contact resistance and improved light transmission properties, and gives a light-emitting pattern which is stable over a long time. Furthermore, since cobalt (Co) is an element having a large work function, satisfactory ohmic properties are obtained.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a register for ventilating air includes molding a deflector member having a plurality of shafts and a plurality of first deflector plates. The deflector member is made from a first resin. A connector member, which holds the plurality of shafts rotatably and connects the first deflector plates swingably, is molded from a second resin that possess characteristics that prohibit it from fusing with the first resin. Next, a frame-shaped member, made from a third resin and having a plurality of second deflector plates, is molded by the process. Then, the deflector member, which includes the connector member, is assembled with the frame-shaped member. A knob for operating the first deflector plates can be molded integrally with one of the first deflector plates.

Abstract: An abrasive includes an alumina-based fiber bound by a matrix resin which contains diamond abrasive grains therein, and a diamond abrasive grain layer provided on the surface of the bound fiber. The abrasive is formed into, for example, a flat plate having a thickness in a range of 0.45 to 1.2 mm, and the diamond abrasive grain layer is provided on at least any one of opposite surfaces of the bound fiber. Flat filaments having a ratio of a long axis to a short axis of the cross-sectional shape thereof in a range of 1.3 to 1.8 are used for the alumina-based fiber.

Abstract: In a system in which a set of data items are distributed across a network of servers, at least some of the data items being cached versions of data items from a source server, a content delivery method includes determining a data identifier for a particular data item, the data identifier being determined using a given function of the data comprising the particular data item; and responsive to a request for the particular data item, the request including at least the data identifier of the particular data item, providing the particular data item from a given one of the servers of the network of servers. The request for the particular data item may be resolved based on a measure of availability of at least one of the servers, where the measure of availability may be a measurement of bandwidth to the server; a measurement of a cost of a connection to the server, and/or a measurement of a reliability of a connection to the server.

Abstract: An electroless plating reaction catalyst is imparted to a substrate and then the catalyst is deactivated or removed at desired locations by irradiating with an energy beam to form groove portions in the substrate.

Abstract: A reference voltage generator, comprising: reference voltage generation means for generating a reference voltage having a potential level through an output node by a power-up signal; noise removing means for a noise which is caused in a ground terminal and is provided to the output node; and reference voltage level adjusting means being connected between the output node of the reference voltage generation means and the ground terminal and for adjusting the potential level of the reference voltage from the reference voltage generation means.

Abstract: A method for aiding transactions by providing warranties against various aspects of a transaction which may be hard to assure ahead of time or when high risk is involved in relying on them. The method employs an infrastructure of a computer and communication systems communication with various distributed organizations working together and providing warranties. Different parties may trust different organizations and user representatives of the infrastructure. A party in a transaction may ask for a warranty against another party. As a response, the infrastructure, through its organizations, calculates and provides a decision regarding the request. Relying on the warranty, the risk involved in conducting the electronic transaction is reduced. In the case where the transaction does not reach sound completion, the warranty can be claimed. The method also involves managing and administering the infrastructure, the entities in the transaction system and their outstanding warranties.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved separator, commonly referred to as a “lath”, “stick”, “sticker”, or “crosser”, that is used in the lumber industry to separate pieces of lumber in a stack or bundle. The separator features, in one embodiment, a plurality of grooves traversing the length of the separator to permit air circulation within the grooves, and a plurality of ridges between the grooves to support the pieces of lumber. In another embodiment, a second plurality of grooves traverse the length of the separator and the first grooves to form a cross-hatching of grooves to permit air circulation within the grooves, and forming a plurality of protrusions to support the pieces of lumber over the grooves.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplex optical star coupler comprises an input port which inputs a first optical signal, a first optical coupler which divides the first optical signal input from the input port into a plurality of first optical signals, a plurality of input/output ports, each of which outputs one of the plurality of first optical signals divided by the first optical coupler and inputs a second optical signal, an output port which outputs the second optical signal, and a second optical coupler, provided between the input port and the first optical coupler or between the first optical coupler and the input/output ports, which provides the first optical signal to the input/output ports and the second optical signal to the output port.

Abstract: Even if there is a temperature variation, a positional discrepancy at a colliding surface of an active surface of a semiconductor laser and an optical waveguide is suppressed, resulting in realization of a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber of stable operation. In order to realize the above object, a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber comprises a substrate, an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate and including a core and a cladding layer covering the core, a semiconductor light emitting element disposed on the substrate and comprising an output end-surface facing one end of the core of the optical waveguide, and an optical fiber comprising a core an end of which faces the other end of the core of the optical waveguide, wherein the cladding layer sandwiches both surfaces of the semiconductor light emitting element.

Abstract: A wheel cap is detachably joined to a disc wheel and having air discharge openings formed in the outer periphery thereof. The wheel cap has a plurality of radial fins provided for the reverse side of the wheel cap and formed from the wheel cap center toward the outside. Further, the wheel cap has an annular air suction opening, and a center plate disposed more adjacent to the center thereof as compared with the air suction opening. The inner distance between the innermost wall of the air suction opening and the center of the wheel cap is shorter than securing distance between a hub nut for securing the disc wheel to an axle hub and the center of the disc wheel.