Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock employing an alumina-based catalyst at least a portion of which is in the alpha phase. The catalyst has at least 25% of its pore volume in pores from 300-1,000 .ANG. in diameter, has no more than 10% macropores, and has a surface area of less that 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A temperature gradient in staged turbulent bed retort established by adding heat transfer material at different levels along vertical length of retort to prevent thermal cracking of product vapors.

Abstract: Gaseous hydrocarbons, especially methane, may be oxidized with high selectivity and efficiency essentially only to carbon monoxide and hydrogen by contacting them with gallium oxide at a temperature above 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising the feedstock, dispersed demetalizing contact particles having coke-suppressing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocatalytic conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and dispersed activated or presulfided red mud having demetalizing and coke-suppressing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocatalytic conditions.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and metals-impregnated red mud having coke-suppressing and demetalizing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocatalytic conditions. The preferred metals for impregnation include transition metals, in particular, nickel and molybdenum.

Abstract: A process for the production of transportation fuels from heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is provided comprising a two-stage, close-coupled process, wherein the first stage comprises a hydrothermal zone into which is introduced a mixture comprising a feedstock and red mud having coke-suppressing and demetalizing activity, and hydrogen; and the second, close-coupled stage comprises a hydrocatalytic zone into which substantially all the effluent from the first stage is directly passed and processed under hydrocracking conditions.

Abstract: In a process for cracking a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon an improved oxidation promoter for converting SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 comprising an intimate association of palladium and at least one other metal selected from the group comprising platinum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, and rhodium.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous solids are pyrolyzed in a process employing a series of alternate pyrolysis zones and combustion zones preferably arranged along an incline. In particular, low grade hydrocarbonaceous solids are employed to supplement combustion in these alternating combustion zones.

Abstract: Additives for lubricating oils for internal combustion engines which contribute dispersancy and detergency to the lubricating oils are disclosed. The additives are hydrocarbyl methylol poly(oxyalkylene) amino ethanes comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated methylol poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2 to 4 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded to an ethane or substituted ethane chain in turn bonded to a nitrogen atom of an amine or polyamine having from 1 to 12 amine nitrogens and from 2 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Additives for the control of deposits in the intake systems of engines are provided. The additives comprise hydroxy polyether amines of the general formula: ##STR1## Also provided are a fuel composition containing from about 250 ppm to 5000 ppm of this additive and a concentrate containing this additive.

Abstract: Additives for internal combustion engines are provided which in fuels maintain cleanliness of intake system without contributing to combustion chamber deposits. The additives are hydrocarbyl methylol poly(oxyalkylene) amino ethanes comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated methylol poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2 to 4 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded to an ethane or substituted ethane chain in turn bonded to a nitrogen atom of an amine or polyamine having from 1 to 12 amine nitrogens and from 2 to 40 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A heavy oil fraction of pyrolysis oil vapors containing concentrated contaminants is coked on the hot mixture of pyrolyzed solids and heat transfer material in a retorting vessel provided with an inert stripping gas of a velocity sufficient to lower the dew point of the pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: NO.sub.x in flue gas from a regenerator in which an SO.sub.2 oxidation promoter is present is controlled by mixing ammonia with flue gas and passing the mixture through a combustion zone.

Abstract: A process for liquefying coal in which a slurry comprising a petroleum or petroleum-derived solvent and particulate coal is heated in a dissolution zone to substantially dissolve the coal and produce a first effluent containing undissolved solids to which petroleum residuum is added to produce a second effluent which is distilled under reduced pressure. The process eliminates the need for physical solids separation such as filtration or centrifugation and is most advantageously employed in high-severity coal liquefaction.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for solvent-extracting an extractable component from a mixture including the extractable component and subdivided solids, comprising:(a) maintaining a vertically extending bed comprising said solids in a vertically extending extraction zone and introducing said mixture into an upper portion of said bed;(b) providing a substantially continuous gaseous phase in contact with a lower portion of said bed;(c) maintaining a substantially continuous liquid phase comprising a vaporizable liquid solvent in contact with at least a lower part of an upper portion of said bed;(d) introducing said solvent into said liquid phase at at least two vertically spaced levels of said liquid phase;(e) extracting said extractable component from said mixture with said solvent;(f) withdrawing said solvent and said extractable component from said liquid phase between said two vertically spaced levels;(g) preventing said liquid phase from flowing downwardly through said lower portion of said bed by maintaining said

Abstract: In a process for reforming light naphtha with a bimetallic or multimetallic reforming catalyst, such as a platinum-rhenium-halogen catalyst, at conventional reforming conditions, wherein the catalyst is used for an extended continuous on-stream period, the aromatics selectivity of the catalyst is rapidly increased by contacting the naphtha and hydrogen with the catalyst at increased severity operating conditions, such as a reduced pressure less than 90% of the normal reforming pressure, during an initial portion of the on-stream period.

Abstract: A process for air blowing asphalt in the presence of organic sulfonic acids and an asphalt composition comprising a major amount of asphalt and a minor but effective amount of organic sulfonic acid.

Abstract: Additives for lubricating oils for internal combustion engines which contribute dispersancy and detergency to the lubricating oils are disclosed. The additives are hydrocarbylpoly(oxyalkylene) polyamine ethanes comprising a hydrocarbyl-terminated poly(oxyalkylene) chain of 2-5 carbon oxyalkylene units bonded to an ethane or substituted ethane chain in turn bonded to a nitrogen atom of a polyamine having from 2 to 12 amine nitrogens and from 2 to 40 carbon atoms with a carbon:nitrogen ratio between 1:1 and 10:1.

Abstract: A method for depositing asphalt from an asphalt emulsion onto an aggregate is disclosed comprising wetting the aggregate with water containing between about 0.01 weight percent and about 1.0 weight percent of coupling agent selected to have charge opposite to the charge of said asphalt emulsion and applying said asphalt emulsion to the wetted aggregate.