Abstract: As a flow improver in a crude oil or a liquid hydrocarbon fuel are used polymers containing more than one amide group, the amide being an amide of a secondary amine, and either the amide group or an ester group of the polymer containing a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, provided that if the polymer is derived from the polymerization of an aliphatic olefin and maleic anhydride, the polymer must have both an amide group and an ester group each of which contains a hydrogen- and carbon-containing group of at least 10 carbon atoms, for example, a diamide of a copolymer of an alkyl fumarate, vinyl acetate and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: A crude oil or fuel oil composition comprises a major proportion by weight of a crude oil or a fuel oil and a minor proportion by weight of a polycarbonate containing the group ##STR1## where n is an integer of two or more and A is an alkylene, aralkylene or arylene radical, provided the alkylene group can be interrupted by one or more hetero atoms or by one or more carboxylic ester, carbamoyl, urethane, urea or tertiary amino groups. A typical polycarbonate has the formula ##STR2## where R are C.sub.10 to C.sub.30 alkyl groups.

Abstract: C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone derived materials are made by simultaneously reacting (a) a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with (b) a polyamine, a polyol or an amino alcohol and (c) a hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid producing material, e.g., a polyisobutenyl succinimide, which preferably was made by reacting a polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 300 to 10,000 with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 0.7 to 2.0 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting lactone derived materials, which may be post-treated, for example, with a boron compound, are useful, per se, as oil soluble dispersant additives, and are useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions including concentrates containing the additives.

Abstract: Hydroxyl terminated polymeric C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone adducts are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with the reaction product of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 olefin polymer or a halogenated derivative thereof having a number average molecular weight of 300 to about 10,000 with an amine containing from 2 to 60 total carbon atoms and from 1 to 12 nitrogen atoms. The resulting adducts are useful per se as oil soluble dispersant additives. They are also useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions, as well as in concentrates and additive packages.

Abstract: C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone based adduct materials are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with a polyamine, a polyol or an amino alcohol to form a lactone adduct intermediate, and thereafter reacting the intermediate with a hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid producing material, e.g., a polyisobutenyl succinimide, which, in turn, preferably was made by reacting a polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a molecular weight of about 300 to 10,000 with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 0.7 to 2.0 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecule of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture. The resulting adduct material are useful per se, as oil soluble dispersant additives, and are useful in fuel and lubricating oil compositions including concentrates containing the additives.

Abstract: Polymer C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 derivatives are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with an aminoalkyl derivative, e.g., N-(3-aminopropyl) morpholine, to form an adduct having a hydroxyl group on one end thereof and a tertiary amino nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring group on the other end thereof, and then reacting the adduct with an ethylene-C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefin copolymer or terpolymer which has from about 0.2 to about 5 wt. % of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid units grafted thereto, e.g., maleic anhydride ethylene-propylene copolymer. The resulting polymeric C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone derivatives are usful per se as multifunctional oil soluble additives for fuel and lubricating oil compositions, including concentrates containing the additives.

Abstract: Poly(C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone) adducts are made by reacting a C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 lactone with a post reacted hydrocarbyl substituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 monounsaturated dicarboxylic acid producing material, e.g., a polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, which, in turn, preferably was made by reacting a polymer of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 monoolefin, preferably polyisobutylene, having a number average molecular weight of about 700 to 5,000, with a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 monounsaturated acid, anhydride or ester, preferably maleic anhydride, such that there are 0.7 to 2.0 dicarboxylic acid producing moieties per molecular of said olefin polymer used in the reaction mixture, and then, post reacting the substituted acid, anhydride or ester with a polyol such as pentaerythritol or THAM. The resulting adducts are useful per se as oil soluble dispersant additives useful in fuel and lubricating compositions including concentrates containing the additives.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed for improving at least the low temperature flow properties of lubricating oils. The compositions are dual additives including a first component which is a polymer or interpolymer of a C.sub.14 carboxylate, such as a C.sub.14 -dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate interpolymer, and a second component which is a lubricating oil flow improver comprising a non-ethylene containing polymer or interpolymer such as dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate interpolymer, esterified styrene/maleic anhydride interpolymer, or esterified olefin/maleic anhydride interpolymer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricating oil composition containing a dual additive combination for reducing the low temperature viscosity properties thereof. Such additive combination comprises a Component A, e.g., a polymethacrylate or esterified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer and a Component B, e.g., sorbitan tristearate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel cyclic phosphate such as 1,3-dioxa-2-phospha-6-thia-cyclooctane-2-(dodecylthiodi(ethyleneoxy)-2-oxi de, and its use as an anti-wear, anti-oxidant, and/or friction modifying agent for oleaginous compositions such as fuels, and lubricating oils particularly automatic transmission fluids. A new use of overbased metal phenates and/or sulfonates as friction stability promoters for conventional friction modifying agents is also provided.

Abstract: Process for the bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate with a diester are disclosed which are carried out in the absence of a solvent and including reacting the vinyl acetate and fumaric acid diester with a peroxide catalyst at specified molar ratios and up to reaction temperatures of from 255.degree. to 320.degree. F. to produce fumarate vinyl acetate copolymers having number average molecular weight below 50,000 for use as lubricating oil and fuel oil additives.

Abstract: A process for preparing a zeolite, e.g. ZSM-5, under controlled conditions of initial pH adjustment with an acid, SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 mole ratio, and in the presence of sodium cations, is disclosed, as well as a process for using the same to synthesize olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A solution process is disclosed for preparing a solubilized metal salt ester by reacting an ester compound, such as 2,2'-thiodiethyl-bis (octadecenyl) succinate ester, with a metal carboxylate, such as calcium acetate, in the process of a mixture of (a) a first co-solvent and/or third co-solvent, such as toluene and/or dodecylbenzene respectively, and (b) a second co-solvent such as methanol, to form the metal salt ester product and an effluent mixture of an acid, such as acetic acid, optional co-solvent first, and second co-solvent, followed by the optional addition of a third co-solvent, and vacuum distilling the resulting mixture to remove the effluent mixture to produce a solution of the product and third co-solvent.

Abstract: A fuel oil composition containing a minor proportion by weight of a mixture of 20 to 40 wt % of a polyphenol, a sulphurized polyphenol or a hindered phenol and 80 to 60 wt % of a cyclic amide derived from a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride having a hydrogen-and-carbon containing substituent of at least 40 carbon atoms and a polyalkylene polyamine having at least 2 nitrogen atoms and at least 3 carbon atoms (other than carbon atoms in the branched substituents) between the terminal amino groups.A suitable additive is a 70% by weight of the macrocyclic derivative of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (MW 1300) and penta propylene hexamine and 30% by weight of 4,4.sup.1 methylene bis (2,6 di tert butyl phenol).

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst composition wherein a Metal Hydrocarboxide I, such as aluminum secbutoxide, a Metal Hydrocarboxide II, such as zirconium butoxide, an acidic phosphorus-oxygen composition, such as phosphoric acid, and water, are reacted in the presence of a liquid organic medium, such as acetone, to form a catalyst precursor composition, which is then calcined to form the catalyst, is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for condensing carboxylic acids or their ester with aldehydes or acetals to synthesize .alpha. ,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acids or esters, such as methylmethacrylate.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for forming ketones from the corresponding olefins by vapor phase oxidiation of the olefin in the presence of molecular oxygen and water vapor employing a heterogeneous catalyst comprising rhenium compounds and complexes, optionally containing at least one metal compound or complex selected from the group consisting of Group VIB metals and Group VIII noble metals, and mixtures thereof. It has been surprisingly found that these catalysts effect the formation of ketones in high selectivities with minimal selectivities to the undesirable carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by-products.

Abstract: The low temperature properties of a distillate petroleum fuel oil boiling in the range 120.degree. C. to 500.degree. C., and whose 20% and 90% distillation points differ by less than 100.degree. C., and/or whose Final Boiling Point is in the range 340.degree. C. to 370.degree. C. are improved by the addition of a polymer or copolymer having at least 25 wt. % of n-alkyl groups of average number of carbon atoms from 12 to 14 with no more than 10 wt. % containing more than 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Mineral oil based power transmitting fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, are disclosed which contain 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent of an ester of a thio-bis alkanol and a C.sub.12 -C.sub.50 hydrocarbon succinic acid or anhydride, the ester being a multifunctional additive providing the properties of friction modification, corrosion inhibition, anti-wear, oxidation inhibition and extreme pressure properties to the fluids.

Abstract: There is a disclosed an improved lubricating oil dispersant suitable for both gasoline engine and diesel engine lubricating oil, the dispersant being prepared in a sequential process whereby a polyolefin succinic anhydride is reacted first with an alkylene polyamine and subsequently with maleic anhydride of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkenyl or alkyl succinic anhydride to provide a diimide dispersant having a final mole ratio of 2.3 to 3.0 moles of anhydride per mole of polyamine.

Abstract: Copolymers of dialkyl fumarate and vinyl acetate having Specific Viscosities of at least 2.5 at 2% polymer concentration in xylene at 40.degree. C., and wherein at least 50 wt. % of said alkyl groups are C.sub.20 to C.sub.24, are useful as dewaxing aids, particularly in propane dewaxing.