Abstract: A method is provided for synthesizing pyridine or alkylpyridines by reacting ammonia and a carbonyl reactant which is an aldehyde containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a ketone containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms or mixtures of said aldehydes and/or ketones under effective conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index within the approximate range of 1 to 12 and recovering from the resulting reaction mixture, a product containing at least one compound of pyridine or an alkylpyridine. Addition of methanol and/or formaldehyde to the feed improves selectivity to unsubstituted pyridine.

Abstract: A riser cracking-catalyst regeneration operation is described wherein a suspension discharged from a riser operation is separated by catalyst particle concentrating means which discharge a concentrated stream of catalyst separated from gasiform material into a downcomer zone and out of further contact with discharged gasiform material in the suspension. A stripping gas is used to particularly aid the separation of catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors.

Abstract: A specially prepared zeolite-containing silica-alumina hydrogel gives a catalyst that is attrition resistant, more active catalytically, more selective and more stable. The hydrogel is prepared by steps including nozzle mixing of reactants to form a hydrogel, ion exchanging with ammonium, aluminum and rare earth ions, washing, drying and impregnating with rare earths.

Abstract: Lubricant compositions containing a lubricant and a minor amount of a derivative of alkenylsuccinic anhydride are provided. Such derivatives include the reaction product of (1) the product of reaction between an alkenylsuccinic acid, ester or anhydride and a hydroxyaromatic compound; (2) the product of reaction between (1) and an amine selected from the group consisting of an alkanepolyol such as an amino alkanediol and a polyalkylene polyamine; (3) the reaction product of (2) and an aldehyde; (4) the reaction product of (3) with a metal salt capable of forming a stable complex with amines; (5) the reaction product of (2) with a metal salt; and (6) the product of reaction between an alkenylsuccinic acid or anhydride and an alkyl phenyl ether.

Abstract: A specially prepared zeolite-containing silica-alumina hydrogel gives a catalyst that is attrition resistant, more active catalytically, more selective and more stable. The hydrogel is prepared by steps including nozzle mixing of reactants to form a hydrogel, ion exchanging with ammonium, aluminum and rare earth ions, washing, drying and impregnating with rare earths.

Abstract: A method for reducing NO.sub.x in stack gases is disclosed which comprises contacting stack gas with a fluidized bed of pulverized coal at a temperature within the range from about 400.degree.-700.degree. C., passing the gaseous effluent from the fluidized bed reactor to a heat recovery unit to complete the combustion of volatiles evolved in the fluidized bed reactor and to recover the heat content of the treated stack gas, and then discharging the treated gas to the atmosphere. In a preferred embodiment of the method of this invention, the treated gases passing from the heat recovery unit are subjected to a sulfur compound removal step before being discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: Isomerization of xylenes in admixture with ethyl benzene by contact with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5 is improved by use of zeolite having a substantial alkali metal content at a temperature above about 800.degree. F. At these conditions, conversion of ethylbenzene follows a different reaction path which permits high conversion of ethylbenzene to benzene without loss of xylenes by disproportionation.

Abstract: Hydrogenation-dehydrogenation of suitable feedstock is provided wherein such feedstock is subjected to hydrogenation-dehydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of a solid containing, at least in part, a synthetic amorphous solid prepared by hydrolyzing and polymerizing in the presence of water a silane having the formula R(Si)X.sub.3, wherein R is a nonhydrolyzable organic group, X is a hydrolyzable group and (Si) is selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## and calcining the polymerized product, said silane being admixed with a second component, R'.sub.n MY.sub.m, wherein R' is selected from the group consisting of the same groups as R, Y is selected from the group consisting of the same groups as X and oxygen, M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of the elements of Groups IIIA, IVA, VA, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table, m is any number greater than 0 and up to 8 and n is from 0 to any number less than 8.

Abstract: Compositions having highly effective antioxidant characteristics are provided comprising organic media, normally susceptible to oxidation, such as oils of lubricating viscosity, containing a minor amount sufficient to impart antioxidant properties thereto of the reaction product of a polysulfide and a hydrocarbylmagnesium halide or a Grignard reagent.

Abstract: Salts of (a) an alkyl, long chain alkyl acid phosphonate having the formula: ##STR1## where R' is a substantially unbranched paraffinic alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 36 carbon atoms, and R is a hydrocarbyl group containing from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms with at least one hydrogen atom present on the carbon atom which is bonded to oxygen and (b) a substituted imidazoline of the formula: ##STR2## where one of the R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 substituents must be a substantially unbranched paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbyl group containing from about 12 to about 35 carbon atoms; and the other R.sup.2 or R.sup.

Abstract: Heavy petroliferous stocks such as vacuum and atmospheric resids, tar sand oils, shale oils, liquids from conversion of coal and the like are concurrently distilled and hydroprocessed for removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals and are hydrocracked or otherwise hydroprocessed in a packed distillation column under hydrogen pressure wherein the packing is constituted, at least to a substantial extent in both stripping and rectifying sections by catalyst suited to the desired conversions. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: Organic compound conversion in the presence of a new class of heterogeneous catalyst is provided. Said new class of heterogeneous catalyst comprises a substrate having a minimum surface area of about 10 m.sup.2 /g and having pores with a minimum pore diameter of about 5 Angstrom Units, said substrate being modified by at least one amine functional member coordinated to a metal function, said amine functional member acting as a bridging member between said substrate and said metal function.

Abstract: A process for making zeolite S by reacting an aqueous solution of Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and NaHCO.sub.3 with glass, e.g., Pyrex glass. The silica and alumina are furnished by slow dissolution of the glass.

Abstract: Mixed transition metal-alkali metal derivatives of thiobis (alkylphenols) and thiobis (alkylphenol-phenolates) are novel compounds which have utility as oxidation stabilizers for various organic media, e.g., lubricant compositions.

Abstract: Benzene, toluene and xylene are produced in high yield from aromatic naphtha by a processing technique which combines (1) high temperature isomerization of eight carbon atom aromatics over a catalyst having relatively low activity and constrained access to the internal pore surface and (2) processing of heavy single ring aromatics of nine or more carbon atoms together with toluene under dealkylation/transalkylation conditions. The effluents of the two reactions are blended for processing through separation and recovery equipment. The unique chemistry of the isomerization stage results in splitting off alkyl side chains of two or more carbon atoms while retaining methyl groups attached to aromatic rings. Because of these reaction characteristics, full range reformate is advantageously added to the isomerizer charge for conversion to methyl benzene and redistribution of methyl groups to the thermodynamic equilibrium values.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of highly olefinic gasoline containing at least about 50% by weight of olefins by contacting said olefinic gasoline with a special group of acidic crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites, such as those of the ZSM-5 type in order to enhance the gum stability of said gasoline and produce products comprising both gasoline and fuel oil.

Abstract: Distillate petroliferous stocks such as neutral lubricating stocks and distillate fuels are hydroprocessed for dewaxing and/or removal of sulfur, nitrogen and metals under hydrogen pressure in a downflow reactor packed with a catalyst suited to the desired conversions in which lighter portions of the charge are introduced to respectively lower levels of the catalyst bed, whereby product withdrawn from the bottom of the reactor is reconstituted distillate of which lighter portions have received milder treatment. In a specific application to catalytic hydrodewaxing of lubricating oil stocks, improvement of Viscosity Index (VI) of dewaxed product results.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for solubilizing scrap rubber, or coal and scrap rubber mixtures, in a highly aromatic refinery petroleum solvent to produce homogeneous compositions which have a physical state ranging from flowable pitch-like consistency to asphaltic hardness at ambient temperatures. The products of the present invention are high quality rubberized pitch and asphalt compositions which have utility in applications as caulk, mastic, adhesive, sealant and road paving compositions.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a solid fuel, in either powder or briquette form, for use in small furnaces.The fuel has a relatively uniform heating value of 12,000-14,000 Btu per pound and is prepared by crushing and grinding coal to less than 200 mesh and drying and oxidizing the coal with a hot gas containing a trace of oxygen to a dried moisture content of 1-15%. Selected quantities of additives having approximately the same fineness are combined with the coals to minimize the effects of sulfur, to improve combustion and ash properties, to maintain fluidity of the solid fuel in powder form, to inhibit moisture pick-up, and to prevent auto-ignition and spontaneous combustion during storage of the solid fuel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for catalytic upgrading of refractory hydrocarbon charge stocks, such as coker gas oil, to premium products including gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel and low sulfur cracking stock initially by catalytic hydrotreating and cascading the hydrotreater effluent, through a hydrocracking zone, without change in the pressure of the system, containing a catalyst which is characterized by a crystalline zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12 and a constraint index of 1 to 12.