Abstract: The fire retardancy of polyesters is enhanced with halophenoxyphosphazenes that contain a P--O--P bond. Preferred materials are reaction products of a halogenated phenol and a phosphonitrilic halide. Brominated phenols are preferred although chlorophenols can be used. Of the brominated phenols, preferred starting materials are p-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol and mixtures thereof. Phosphonitrilic chlorides are preferred starting materials. Pure phosphonitrilic halides can be used; however, phosphonitrilic halide mixtures are preferred because of their availability. Cyclic and linear phosphonitrilic halides are useful as well as mixtures thereof. Saturated and unsaturated polyesters can be made fire retardant by this invention, as can thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. Linear and crosslinked polyesters can be treated. Preferred polyesters are fiber-forming polyesters of a diol and dibasic acid, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate).

Abstract: Dispersancy, wear and corrosion properties of lubricating oil are improved by addition of a product made by mixing at about 50.degree.-300.degree. C about 1-20 parts of sulfur with about 100 parts of the condensation product made by reacting a high molecular weight alkylphenol, formaldehyde and a reactive amine. Excess sulfur is preferably removed.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compounds also contain the residue of an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl xanthate and may also contain the residue of a further nucleophilic group. The new compounds are useful in lubricating oil compositions. The compositions may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a carburetor-type fuel induction system in which the primary carburetor barrel delivers an air/fuel mixture into a container. The air/fuel mixture is conducted from the container into the intake manifold. A liquid trap is provided between the primary barrel and the container to collect liquid gasoline running down the side wall. This trapped liquid is delivered directly to the intake manifold, resulting in improved cold start performance of the engine. The container is preferably heated by means such as exhaust gas, liquid engine coolant or electrical heaters.

Abstract: Halogenated bisphenols, such as 4,4'-isopropylidene-bis(2,6-dibromophenol), can be produced in high purity and high yield by brominating in 75-95 weight per cent aqueous acetic acid, and subsequently heating the reaction mass at 80.degree. - 120.degree. C. for 5-60 minutes. The resultant mixture can be neutralized prior to separating desired product from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a sulphur compound suitable for use as a lubricant additive comprises reacting a trithiolan compound with a thiol compound in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Plasma lipid levels are reduced by treating mammalian subjects with a semiquinone such as (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)methane.

Abstract: Gasoline compositions and additive mixtures containing compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, and R.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, hydrocarbyloxy radicals, and hydrocarbyloxycarbonyl radicals, in an amount sufficient to alleviate the plugging of certain catalysts being used in an engine exhaust system to lower the amount of undesirable constituents in exhaust gas from an engine being operated on gasoline containing a cyclopentadienyl manganese antiknock.

Abstract: Gasoline compositions and additive mixtures containing compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 -R.sub.3 and R'-R'" are each independently selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals, in an amount sufficient to alleviate the plugging of certain catalysts being used in an engine exhaust system to lower the amount of undesirable constituents in exhaust gas from an engine being operated on gasoline containing a cyclopentadienyl manganese antiknock.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings of 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The compound also contains the residue of a dithiophosphoric acid containing two organic moieties. The new compounds are useful in major or minor amounts in lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil may be a hydraulic oil. The composition may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: A fuel induction system for a spark-ignited multicylinder internal combustion gasoline engine in which the primary barrel of the carburetor is connected to an inlet in the top of a container which is fitted through an opening in an exhaust gas conduit such that the lower portion of the container extends into the region of hot exhaust gas. An outlet in the top of the container connects to the engine intake manifold. The system gives improved air/fuel mixing and vaporization and improved cylinder-to-cylinder fuel distribution.

Abstract: The useful life of a catalyst being used in an engine exhaust system to lower the undesirable constituents in the exhaust gas of an engine being operated on gasoline containing a cyclopentadienyl manganese antiknock is greatly prolonged by providing an exhaust system having a plurality of substantially parallel proximately spaced vanes in the exhaust flow path upstream from the catalyst. The vanes have elongated recesses in their surface.

Abstract: The fire retardancy of polyesters is enhanced with halophenoxyphosphazenes that contain a P--O--P bond. Preferred materials are reaction products of a halogenated phenol and a phosphonitrilic halide. Brominated phenols are preferred although chlorophenols can be used. Of the brominated phenols, preferred starting materials are p-bromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol and mixtures thereof. Phosphonitrilic chlorides are preferred starting materials. Pure phosphonitrilic halides can be used; however, phosphonitrilic halide mixtures are preferred because of their availability. Cyclic and linear phosphonitrilic halides are useful as well as mixtures thereof. Saturated and unsaturated polyesters can be made fire retardant by this invention, as can thermoplastic and thermosetting materials. Linear and crosslinked polyesters can be treated. Preferred polyesters are fiber-forming polyesters of a diol and dibasic acid, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethyleneterephthalate).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for extracting nickel, copper, cobalt and molybdenum from a complex ore containing copper, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and iron. The process features treatment of the ore with alcohol, aldehyde or mixtures thereof followed by leaching with an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium salt. A specific complex ore is sea nodules.

Abstract: Fuel induction systems of internal combustion engines are cleaned by operating the engine on a gasoline containing a detergent amount of the condensation product of phenol and preferably a high molecular weight alkylphenol, an aldehyde and an amine having a H--N < group. Effectiveness is improved by inclusion of a mineral polyolefin having an average molecular weight of from about 300-2000. The condensation product is also effective in other distillate fuels.

Abstract: Organic material is stabilized by addition of a sulfurized product made by heating a mixture of (a) sulfur and (b) a reaction product formed by reacting in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst (i) a mixture of at least two different alkylphenols, each having an unsubstituted ortho and/or para position, and (ii) formaldehyde. Preferably, the reaction product is formed in the presence of a small amount of primary lower alkanol such as methanol. When added to lubricating oil the sulfurized products also impart wear and corrosion inhibiting properties.

Abstract: A multibarrel, high velocity carburetor comprising at least one primary barrel having a conventional venturi construction and at least one secondary barrel which has a cross-sectional area greater than that of the primary barrel and which has means for varying this cross-sectional area in response to engine demand; and its use in a low exhaust emission, spark ignition internal combustion engine system of the lean reactor type, to effect improved driveability. A preferred carburetor has one primary barrel and two variable secondary barrels. A fuel enrichment device is provided which comprises a vane pivotally mounted in the variable venturi section and adapted to incline inwardly to further restrict the venturi cross-section when intake manifold vacuum drops.

Abstract: A process for extracting nickel from a low-grade nickel complex ore. The process features leaching the ore under elevated temperatures for relatively short periods of time with an aqueous ammoniacal leach solution.

Abstract: Engine exhaust gas is rendered less noxious by contact with a catalyst consisting essentially of manganese oxide and palladium on a suitable support such as alumina. Optionally, the support may be precoated with a rare earth metal oxide to improve catalyst hardness.

Abstract: .beta.-(Halpropyl)-thionophosphates are stabilized by styrene oxides. The styrene oxide stabilized .beta.-(halopropyl)-thionophosphates are added to hydraulic fluid to enhance antiwear and extreme pressure properties of the hydraulic fluid.