Abstract: The system for managing the heat energy developed by a heat engine (10) of a motor vehicle comprises a main system (2) equipped with a main pump (12), a heat engine (10) and a main cooling radiator (18). The main system (2) furthermore comprises a short-circuit pipeline (20) and a heating pipeline (22) comprising an air heater (24), and a secondary loop (4) including a secondary radiator (60) and a secondary pump (58). The main system and the secondary loop can comprise equipments heated or cooled by equipment exchangers (34, 36, 38, 64, 66) included in the main system (2) and/or the secondary loop (4). The maim system (2) and the secondary loop (4) are connected by interconnecting means which make it possible to cause a same coolant fluid to circulate in a controlled manner between the main system and the secondary loop or to prohibit this circulation depending on the load state of the engine (10).

Abstract: An improved method for producing natamycin by fermentation is disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low calorie fat substitute comprising a sorbitol fatty acid ester with a degree of substitution of about five fatty acid groups. Foodstuffs containing the sorbitol ester are also disclosed. Processes for preparing the sorbitol fatty acid esters are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a low calorie fat substitute comprising an outer coating of a digestible fat surrounding an inner core of a low caloric or non-caloric material.

Abstract: An improved, water-soluble polydextrose containing 0.3 mol % or less of bound citric acid, a process therefor, and foods containing same.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to solid salts of hop acids and to processes for their production. Preferred are solid sodium and potassium salts of isoalpha acids rho-isoalpha acids, tetrahydroisoalpha acids, hexahydroisoalpha acids and beta acids.

Abstract: A polydextrose having improved color, flavor and decreased reactivity toward food ingredients having amine functionality. The polydextrose comprises a water-soluble highly branched polydextrose having been prepared by a process which comprises melting dextrose in the presence of a food-acceptable acid catalyst. The improved polydextrose of this invention has substantially no reducing glucose groups. Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method of making the above-described improved polydextrose which comprises exposing unimproved polydextrose to an environment capable of chemically transforming the reducing glucose groups contained in the unimproved polydextrose, thereby substantially eliminating their reducing properties. An improved polymaltose prepared by heating maltose in the presence of a food-acceptable acid catalyst and chemically transforming the reducing glucose groups contained in the polymaltose, thereby eliminating their reducing properties, is also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a peroxide process for preparation of controlled rheology polypropylene resins wherein 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)hexane is the peroxide and the melt flow rate is increased by the presence of a thioester of the general formula ##STR1## wherein n is a whole number of from 6 to 16.

Abstract: Hot-melt adhesives based upon a mixture composed of poly(vinylmethylether), greater than about 10 weight percent of a thermoplastic resin and, optionally a tackifier resin and/or extender, are found to be superior for the binding of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymers to themselves and to other substrates. In particular, the hot-melt adhesives are useful for bonding polyethylene-backed and latex-backed carpet to polyethylene, polypropylene, or ethylene-propylene copolymer.

Abstract: A polymerization process for preparation of oligomers and polymers having at least one internal carbon-to-carbon double bond and containing functional groups comprising terminal carbon-to-carbon double bonds is disclosed. The polymerization process is substantially free of side reactions comprising double bond migration. The oligomers and polymers are prepared from acyclic polyenes of from 2 to about 30 carbon atoms. The catalyst system comprises a metathesis catalyst (A) comprising a transition metal compound, an activator (B) selected from the group consisting of organic tin compounds and organic aluminum halides and (C) an organic Lewis base. Yields are at least 60% of theoretical based on acyclic polyene reactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparation of non-crosslinked linear monofunctional and telechelic difunctional unsaturated polymers wherein the functional groups are reactive terminal groups other than vinyl groups. The average functionality number of the monofunctional unsaturated polymers is at least 0.7, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The average functionality number of the telechelic difunctional polymers is at least 1.7, as determined by NMR. Monofunctional olefins and difunctional olefins are reacted with cyclic olefins or unsaturated polymers to prepare difunctional polymers. The process is substantially free of side reactions comprising double bond migration and cyclization.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparation of telechelic difunctional unsaturated oligomers and polymers having at least one internal carbon-to-carbon double bond wherein the functional groups are terminal reactive groups. The reactants are acyclic polyenes with terminal carbon-to-carbon double bonds and olefins with at least one functional group. The polymerization process is substantially free of side reactions comprising double bond migration and cyclization. The telechelic difunctional unsaturated oligomers and polymers have a functionality of about 2 and are suitable for preparation of block copolymers, ion exchange resins, adhesives, and flocculants and for further functionalization.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of liquid and aqueous solutions of amorphous colorless poly (vinyl methyl ether) polymer with low level of impurities from purified vinyl methyl ether. The polymer has relatively high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and does not degrade readily due to the presence of impurities. The purification of the monomer uses a procedure selected from the group consisting of a vapor-liquid separation, a solid-liquid separation and combinations thereof to remove the impurities at a temperature within the range of from -20.degree. C. to +30.degree. C. The aqueous solution is prepared by devolitilization of solvent solutions of the polymerized purified vinyl methyl ether monomer. The solid polymer is prepared by heating the aqueous solution of the poly(vinyl methyl ether). The amorphous polymers of poly(vinyl methyl ether) are particularly suited for adhesive applications.

Abstract: This invention discloses cross-flow electrochemical reactor cells containing oxygen permeable materials which have both electron conductivity and oxygen ion conductivity, cross-flow reactors, and electrochemical processes using cross-flow reactor cells having oxygen permeable monolithic cores to control and facilitate transport of oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas stream to oxidation reactions of organic compounds in another gas stream. These cross-flow electrochemical reactors comprise a hollow ceramic blade positioned across a gas stream flow or a stack of crossed hollow ceramic blades containing a channel or channels for flow of gas streams. Each channel has at least one channel wall disposed between a channel and a portion of an outer surface of the ceramic blade, or a common wall with adjacent blades in a stack comprising a gas-impervious mixed metal oxide material of a perovskite structure having electron conductivity and oxygen ion conductivity.