Abstract: A spa/hot tub cover is structurally strong to essentially completely cover an opening of a spa/hot tub except for a limited vent, and withstand a person's weight. In so doing the spa/hot tub cover itself will not absorb vapor, moisture, or water, and thereby not become heavier because of the containment of moisture. The interior of the spa/hot tub cover has several barriers to any possible absorption of vapor, moisture, or water, whereby, if an outside or outer barrier is punctured, only a small quantity of vapor, moisture, or water, will be absorbed.

Abstract: An improved hand carried stick is provided for law enforcement personnel serving them as a billy, night stick, or baton, in the conventional way, with the additional self contained operational provisions when selectively activated via finger tipped switches, of: daylight or nighttime random threatening sparking along the projecting length portion thereof, a concentrated continuous ring like threatening sparking around the projecting end thereof, and/or the emitting of a temporary blinding laser beam of light from the projecting end thereof. The blinding of a person lasts only during the operation of this laser light of the improved hand carried stick, when a person or persons must be threatened to be subdued or be subdued by a person charged with law enforcement. The self contained electrical energy of this baton is supplied by one of two 9 volt direct current batteries.

Abstract: A modified metal roof vent, selected from several available types, however, not having a base, but having a cylindrical body, having in turn an open top end and an open bottom end, an inside entry circular recess structure, positioned above this open bottom, and a weather cover secured at a spaced distance above the open top end, is fitted with a lead base, which has portions of this lead base inserted upwardly inside the cylindrical body and then moved radially outwardly to complementary fit the inside entry circular recess structure of the modified metal roof vent, completing the roof vent having a lead base, and a machine for manufacturing this vent, and methods for making this vent, and optionally including a weather sealant material placed between the cylindrical body and the complementary formed portions of the lead base at the locale of the inside entry circular recess structure of this vent.

Abstract: To uniformly and economically disperse liquids, via sprays of droplets, on surfaces of particles a method of moving the particles involves their rotary lifting, followed by their free falling, with a spray of droplets originating from a central area of the overall motion path of the particles. In a preferred embodiment of the method and a preferred embodiment of the blending apparatus, a hollow drum is rotated about a near horizontal axis. Inside the drum on a common rotating shaft spaced slightly conical discs ultimately disperse respective sprays of droplets from a central area. This central area is defined by particles being lifted while centrifugally held to the interior of the drum and then at a zenith locale the gravitational force becomes effective enough so the particles drop in an arcuate cascade path back to the interior surface of the drum to start another cycle.

Abstract: A finger held and/or hand held cue tip shaper has a body arranged as a substantially hollow cylinder having a larger outside diameter and larger inside diameter at one end, to receive a cue tip of larger diameter secured to the end of a larger diameter billiard or pool cure, and a smaller outside diameter and a smaller inside diameter at the other end, to receive a leather cue tip of smaller diameter secured to the end of a smaller diameter cure. A blade body with cutters at each end is located with one longitudinal side thereof located on the longitudinal centerline of the cue tip shaper, and in the central overall area thereof. During an injection molding process, the longitudinal upper and lower edges of the blade body become embedded in the injected molded plastics forming the body of the cue tip shaper. At one end of the blade body is a respective smaller concave cutter, and at the other end is a respective larger concave cutter.

Abstract: A protective covering assembly for removable placement over a bed restraining side rail, made of spaced members, has lengths of preformed pipe insulation, cut and fitted about the spaced members, to provide surrounding padding for them. Thereafter, sheets of heavy duty plastic upholstery are cut, sewn, and fitted up, across, down, and under, the padded bed restraining side rail, as an envelope, to provide a surrounding, restraining, easily cleaned, protective covering. Then to provide for the removal of the covering assembly, an openable fastening assembly is secured to the plastic upholstery, which when opened, serves to clear the envelope from the padded space members of the restraining side rails, during their relative movement.

Abstract: A low level traffic direction pavement marker is secured, at spaced distances with others, to early alert, inform, and guide a motorist, via contrast, emphasis, and directional position, in his or her correct vehicle maneuver in a special channelization.

Abstract: Apparatus and method using internal reflection of electromagnetic radiation to detect ice or water on pavements or other surfaces and to continuously measure the thickness of the accumulation. A prism which is transparent to pulses of electromagnetic radiation from an emitter is mounted in the pavement with an exposed prism surface flush with, and in the plane of the surface being monitored for the accumulation. Radiation from an emitter is directed at the exposed prism surface at an angle so that the radiation is totally reflected when the exposed surface is bare, but only partially reflected when there is an accumulation. Radiation detectors are positioned so that changes in the intensity of internally-reflected radiation are measured and interpreted to detect the onset of an accumulation, measure the thickness of the accumulation, distinguish accumulations of ice from accumulations of water, and distinguish accumulations of mud or dirt from accumulations of ice or water.

Abstract: The cart of the present invention is used to transport planar materials such as plywood and drywall through a person size doorway. The transported material is in an upright position supported by a removable vertical side support on a planar elongated frame. The planar elongated frame is larger in the center and tapers inwardly at each end to about half its central width. The central portion of the cart has two large wheels on a transverse axle while the tapered ends each have central casters. The removable vertical side support has three receivers in the upper surface of the planar elongated frame. One of each of the three members of the vertical side support is received in each of the middle and tapered end sections, respectively. The three members meet and form an arched shape with an off-set central member.

Abstract: A hand gun holster to operationally hold a thirty eight revolver, an automatic pistol or another hand gun, has a pair of belt loops made of polypropylene medium weight webbing in turn positioned and supported by a pair of curvable assemblies of heavy weight nylon webbing having sewn thereon respectively and cooperatively spaced heavy duty nap, i.e. loop, and hook fastening materials, with these pair of curvable assemblies being arranged in alignment to receive and to hold an automatic pistol, and being arranged perpendicularly to receive and to hold a thirty eight revolver.

Abstract: This quick change mechanism is a single bolt-on attachment for standard hand held power driven circular saws, to thereafter quickly install and remove diamond arbor saw blades without using any tool. A disc with a raised protruding center body is shaped to fit a standard diamond center blade, which when pressed down over this center body, is centered flat against the upper surface of the disc. The blade is then locked in place by expanding opposite undercut sections, which include the two closest points of the diamond. These expanding sections have undercut slots just above the upper disc surface and serve to wedge the blade down when moved radially outward. These resulting two wedging and sliding locks of the undercut sections are integral with radially sliding members, which move in and out in complementary "V" slots cut into the blade holding disc.

Abstract: A portable knock down chair carried in a bag, to be used for temporary seating, for example at beaches, wherein most of the major components are substantially of similar C-shape and size. The chair is comprised of a frame assembly of C-supports. A pair of longitudinal elongated C-seat supports each have a pivotal elongated side support for a back hingedly secured thereto and may be pivoted to a substantially perpendicular and upright position during use or folded down parallel to the seat support during non use and storage. A fabric seat and fabric back panel are slidingly positioned on and depend between the opposing seat supports and side supports. Transverse elongated front and rear C-leg supports are removably attached between front and rear depending end portions respectively of the seat support members to elevate the chair approximately nine inches from the ground plane in the preferred embodiment. The transverse elongated C-top support is removably connected between the opposing side supports.

Abstract: The changeable modular training system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,312 is extended to include an energy management microprocessing unit, i.e. CPU, a keyboard, a video screen, a remote sensor, and a microprocessing interface unit, to create an energy management microprocessing training system. These added components are formed in the same size modules and/or are interconnected, where needed, by the same electrical connectors and the same peg and slot supports as used in the changeable modular training system. This energy management microprocessing training system is used when students are taught how to program, operate, install, service, and troubleshoot mechanical and electronic control systems in a classroom, when using simulated control systems.

Abstract: A garment to be worn conveniently and comfortably over the upper body of a seagoing person to gain protection from rain, wind, and/or cold, which includes an interior deflated fluid tight enclosure, i.e. a bladder, to be very quickly inflated inside the garment in a time of emergency. The deflated fluid tight enclosure covers at least the interior upper back portion of this garment and also covers at least the interior of the right and left chest portions of this garment. An inflating subassembly is operatively secured between the deflated fluid tight enclosure and to either the right or left chest portion of this garment. This inflating subassembly has an alternatively usable mouth and lung inflatable valved air intake-discharge communicating with the deflated fluid tight enclosure, and an alternatively usable filled compressed fluid valved cylinder discharge also communicating with the deflated fluid tight enclosure and having a coilable pullable lanyard.

Abstract: An accessory, via several embodiments, is used to keep vehicle outside rear view mirrors clear of water, snow, ice, and dirt, using many available components mountable on supports of present vehicle outside rear view mirrors. Each accessory installation includes controls located inside a vehicle within convenient reach of a driver. In a preferred accessory embodiment for large trucks, a weatherproof housing is secured to standard supports, and inside is an electrical wiper motor and optionally a mirror washer liquid tank. Electrical circuit leads and liquid conduits extend respectively from the electrical wiper motor and the washer liquid tank into the cab of the truck, where an electrical switch and a liquid valve are located within reach of a driver. Also electrical leads extend from a switch in the cab to the rear of the outside rear view mirrors, where accessory heaters are mounted for use in snow and ice removal.

Abstract: A hand-operated dental measuring instrument used particularly by orthodontists, dentists, and technicians for rapidly indicating and/or monitoring the incisor tooth labial inclination, which is the inclination of the incisor crown to occlusal plane, of a patient's natural teeth or the plaster cast reproductions of a patient's mouth. The procedure can be carried out before, during, and after orthodontic treatment. A dial indicator is fitted with a custom designed indicator arm tip and a dial face, which comprises the active portion of components which are mounted on a rigid injection molded base, which is the passive portion. When the base is brought into contact with the biting surfaces of a patient's natural teeth or reproductions of the teeth, known as dental casts, the indicator arm tip is adjusted to contact the anterior surface of an incisor tooth.

Abstract: A self contained apparatus is utilized for direct movement on and across a roof surface to lay on the roof surface a continuous sheet or roofing material being removed from a roll guided at each of its ends by this apparatus, and being heated, before being removed, by a heating assembly pivotally supported by the apparatus and pivotally adjusted, so the distance between the roll and the heating assembly is maintained. An inclined A frame of the apparatus has a handle at its apex, and bottom opening slots at its lower ends to fit over the ends of a shaft on which the roll of roofing material is positioned. There is a depending wheel assembly below the handle serving to complete the triangular support of this self contained apparatus. The inclined A frame is pivoted about the wheel assembly to clear the bottom opening slots from the shaft ends and vice versa, when a roll of roofing material is being supplied, withdrawn, and/or adjusted to a different set of slots.

Abstract: When a pipe confining fluid under pressure develops a leak, a selected respective pipe repair assembly is used to stop the leak, while the pipe continues trying to confine the fluid under pressure. There is no need to shut down operations. A cylinder, provided in two longitudinal sections, with one section having an opened central valve and an inner sealing gasket with a hole matching the entry of the opened central valve, is secured around the pipe and over the leaking area. During the positioning of this pipe repair assembly, a half cylindrical sleeve with an upstanding end tab, and a hole with a partial length central longitudinal opening is provided for protective initial interior placement over the sealing gasket. This tab fits into an end notch on one longitudinal section, to thereby position the hole with a partial length central longitudinal opening in horizontal alignment with the opening of the valve.

Abstract: A light emitting diode assembly is preliminarily installed on the back of an otherwise essentially standard switch wall plate of a standard electrical switch assembly, and thereafter connected optionally, either to indicate the location in the dark, of a turned off electrical switch assembly, by using a green light emiting diode connected across the terminals of the electrical switch assembly, or to indicate if the circuit is energized to carry current, upon the turning on of an electrical switch assembly, by using a red light emitting diode connected in the load circuit. A resistor and a direct current diode are utilized to modify the voltage and current for the light emitting diode. A plastic material is used to hold in place a substantial portion of the light emitting diode assembly on the back of the switch wall plate, while portions of the light emitting diode extend through a hole in the switch wall plate, to be observed throughout the space to be lighted.