Abstract: A projectile suitable for use with an electromagnetic launcher or railgun. he projectile has a detachable conductive header portion which mates closely with and is restrained by one of the rails of a railgun. The header eliminates arcing and rail damage. The remainder of the projectile is ejected through a hole in the header toward a target.

Abstract: Periodic permanent magnet structures comprise a plurality of hollow spherl magnetic flux sources each of which produces a uniform high-field in its spherical central cavity. Each sphere has an axial bore hole through its magnetic poles. The spheres are disposed tangent to each other with the axial bore holes of the same coaxially aligned to form a continuous channel or path through which a beam of charged particles can travel.

Abstract: In the preferred embodiment a plurality of toroidally shaped magnets of slar size and configuraton are placed in a stack side-by-side in coaxial alignment. Alternate magnets in the stack are magnetized so that the magnetic dipole moment of each is oriented in the radial direction. An axial magnetized toroidal magnet is disposed between each pair of adjacent radially magnetized magnets. The magnetic orientation of the succesive toroidal magnets of the stack rotates continually in one direction in increments of 90.degree. or .pi./2 radians from the magnet at one end of the stack to that at the other end.

Abstract: A traveling wave type amplifier. The device features a pair of short helical input and output couplers through which an electron beam is projected. Application of an RF signal to the couplers serves to modulate the electron beam. A drift tube to be positioned between the couplers is dimensioned to attenuate the RF signal while permitting the modulated electron beam to pass through. An amplified output signal is extracted from the output helix. Gain of the tube is enhanced by a linearly decreasing magnetic focussing field.

Abstract: A multi-terminal Group III-V semiconductor high electron mobility field effect transistor comprised of a sandwich of molecular beam epitaxially grown layers and including two high mobility charge flow channels in respective two dimensional electron gas regions implemented, for example, by at least one doped layer of aluminum gallium arsenide adjacent an undoped gallium arsenide layer separated by a heterojunction. A pair of opposing two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) regions are generated in the layer of undoped gallium arsenide by the bending of the energy levels of the semiconductor materials. Charge flow occurs in a unidirectional fashion from one channel to the other in the common undoped gallium arsenide layer under the control of an electric field applied transversely through the structure by means of a top gate electrode and a bottom field plate electrode.

Abstract: Microwave oscillators and amplifiers which utilize a superconducting slow-wave circuit. The slow circuit is made from materials which exhibit superconductivity at relatively high critical temperatures. The slow wave circuit is integral with the device's vacuum housing. Coolant exterior to the vacuum housing maintains the circuit in the superconducting state. The slow-wave circuit, which protrudes into the vacuum housing provides modulation of an electron beam which traverses the interior of the vacuum housing. Output power is ultimately extracted from the slow wave circuit.

Abstract: A cathode is made from a mixture of tungsten and iridium powders using a ium peroxide containing material as the impregnant.

Abstract: A cathode is made for a rechargeable Li/Li.sub.x CoO.sub.2 cell using an aqueous cathode preparation. The Li/LiAsF.sub.6 -MA/Li.sub.x CoO.sub.2 system can deliver between 230-170 Wh/kg at current densities of 2-10mA/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A layer of metal is deposited on a mask substrate and then covered with a layer of negative electron resist. A delineation of the peripheral boundaries of the desired mask geometry is carried out by means of a direct-write electron beam. After development and etching, the peripherally defined metal boundaries are all that remain on the substrate. The substrate is then covered with a positive electron resist. The mask is, next, raster scanned with a low intensity beam until a boundary is detected and then the beam intensity is increased significantly to a level sufficient to expose the positive resist. The scan and exposure continue until the mating peripheral boundary is detected and then the beam is rapidly decreased in intensity to its former low detection level. The positive resist subjected to the exposure level beam intensity is removed and a layer of metal is evaporated over the entire mask substrate.

Abstract: Solid materials are easily washed with liquified gas by placing the solid terial to be washed in a dry vessel under an inert atmosphere, evacuating the vessel, introducing the low temperature liquified gas solvent into the vessel, allowing the washing of the solid by the liquified gas solvent, and removing the solvent by the application of vacuum.

Abstract: A microstrip reciprocal phase shifter is provided comprising a rectangular ferrite rod having an upwardly sloping ramp member at one end thereof and a downwardly sloping ramp member at the other end thereof. The ramp members are made of dielectric waveguide having a dielectric constant substantially the same as the dielectric constant of the rod. The rod and ramp members are disposed on one surface of a microstrip dielectric substrate having a dielectric constant substantially lower than the dielectric constant of the ramp members and a ground plane on the other surface thereof. Input and output sections of microstrip conductor are placed on the surface of the substrate in axial alignment with the rod and ramp members.

Abstract: A railgun with superconducting rails. The device features rails made from ceramic materials capable of becoming superconducting at relatively high temperatures. Some embodiments utilize rails made entirely from superconducting ceramics while other embodiments utilize rails with metallic cores covered by layers of superconducting ceramics. Cooling of the superconducting ceramic to a temperature below its critical temperature is accomplished by liquid nitrogen cryorefrigerator or a compressed gas cryorefrigerator.

Abstract: A bakeable evacuative fabrication assembly for the production of permanent agnets formed by assembling discrete magnetic elements on a core, enclosing such assembly in a close-fitting container, providing end closures on said container, and providing a one of said end closures with a sealably closeable cold mold vent means.

Abstract: A multilayer separator is provided for insertion between the cathode and de in lithium secondary or primary batteries, the separator including porous membrane and an electroactive polymeric material contained within the separator layers wherein the polymer is one that will react with any lithium dendrite that could penetrate the separator thus preventing an internal short circuit of the cell.

Abstract: Phased array antennas are rapidly tested for performance degradation utilng a beam steering computer unit and built-in test equipment. The antenna includes a plurality of bays in a planar matrix, each bay having subarray modules containing pairs of dipoles. The beam steering unit controls scanning of driver cards having drivers which apply bias voltages to phase shifter diodes or bits of various fixed angular sizes in a main array and subarray. The bits are sequentially tested for current faults, with information obtained on number, size, and location of failed bits determining performance degradation of a predetermined threshold. Larger phase bits of the main array are given more weight than smaller subarray bits. The effect of the failures on sum beam gain and azimuth and elevation differences pattern null depths are computed and compared with the threshold to indicate whether performance is acceptable.

Abstract: Truncated clad magnetic structures producing a strong magnetic field within an interior working space and having minimal external flux leakage. Cladding magnets are added to structures which otherwise must be theoretically infinite. The cladding magnets, specially shaped so that their exterior surfaces are at zero magnetomotive potential, permit the use of truncated structures without loss of field strength or uniformity. Cladding formulas give approximate values which can be made more nearly exact by successive approximations in cladding thickness variations.

Abstract: A method of making a permanent magnet magic ring structure. An annular cyder made from a magnetically hard material is uniformly magnetized in a direction perpendicular to its major axis. The cylinder is cut into eight or sixteen or 32 or more segments. Various segments are interchanged with other segments to produce a magic ring which has an intense uniform magnetic field within a central working space.

Abstract: A thin film of titanium diboride that has been deposited onto a substrate d patterned using photolithography is dry etched in a commercial plasma etcher with either a chloride, or a mixture of a chloride gas with oxygen, or a mixture of a chloride gas with nitrogen, or a mixture of a chloride gas with a noble gas, or a fluoride gas, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with oxygen, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with nitrogen, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with a noble gas.

Abstract: A thin film of zirconium diboride that has been deposited onto a substrate nd patterned using photolithography is dry etched in a commercial plasma etcher with either chloride gas, or a mixture of a chloride gas with oxygen, or a mixture of a chloride gas with nitrogen, or a mixture of chloride gas with a noble gas, or a fluoride gas, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with oxygen, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with nitrogen, or a mixture of a fluoride gas with a noble gas.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for mounting IC chips or dice onto substrates crises the use of (a pair of) electrically conductive electrodes placed on a substrate below the location where the IC chip is to be mounted. The electrodes are separated a distance that is approximately equal to the width of the IC chip to be mounted. A resistor material is disposed between the electrodes, or may even be integral therewith. The IC chip is placed above the resistor material, it is insulated from the latter, and it abuts a layer of bonding material (e.g., eutectic solder or epoxy) on its underside. A voltage applied to the electrodes heats the resistor material which, in turn melts or cures the bonding material to thereby secure the IC chip in place on the substrate.