Abstract: In the preparation of a 1,3-dibromo-2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is chlorine or alkoxy, by reacting a 2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid derivative of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is hydroxy or alkoxy andR.sup.4 is hydroxy, orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are an anhydride oxygen atom,with an acid halide, then reacting the product with bromine at a temperature between 0.degree. and 150.degree. C. to form a 1,3-dibromo-2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid chloride and optionally reacting such acid chloride with an alkanol, the improvement which comprises employing an acid chloride as the acid halide, e.g. phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, thionyl chloride or phosgene. Compounds of the formula ##STR3## are new. The products are intermediates for making insecticides.

Abstract: Aziridine-2-carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a carboxyl, nitrile, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl group, andR and R.sup.1 are various organic radicals, or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof, exhibit marked immunostimulant activity, especially in conjunction with added chemotherapeutic agents such as a penicillin, a cephalosporin, a nitrofuran or chloramphenicol. Those compounds are new where X is a cyano group or an alkoxycarbonyl radical and R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, but R' is not an unsubstituted alkyl radical or an alkyl radical substituted by hydroxyl, alkoxy, dialkylamino, phenyl, 4-chlorophenyl or 4-methoxyphenyl or a vinyl radical substituted by a phenyl or methyl radical, or a cycloalkyl radical, a phenyl a 4-chlorophenyl, a 4-methoxyphenyl, an s-triazinyl or a pyridinyl radical; or where X is a carbamoyl group and R.sub.

Abstract: In a mandrel for the coaxial external machining of workpieces with internal toothing, a reception sleeve with an external toothing corresponding to the workpiece toothing and having openings along the clamping length extending only on a portion of the circumference of the reception sleeve is provided wherein the reception sleeve is integral over the entire clamping length. A clamping member is disposed with tangential and radial play in the reception sleeve for engaging the workpiece toothing and is thereby turnable with respect to the reception sleeve by which the internal toothing of the workpiece can be brought to bear against the external toothing of the reception sleeve in a circumferential direction. The ends of the clamping member extend through the openings for engaging the workpiece toothing and circumferential parts of the reception sleeve and the ends of the clamping member alternate. The clamping member is turned between a clamping and an unclamping position by a rod.

Abstract: In the process wherein a titanium-containing material is subjected to react with sulphuric acid to form a solid reaction mass from which the titanium values are recovered in solution by digestion with water or dilute sulphuric acid leaving behind a reaction residue and the reaction residue is thereafter treated to recover at least part of the titanium contained therein, the improvement wherein the treatment of the reaction residue is effected by contacting with sulphuric acid of a concentration greater than 86% a mixture by weight comprising about 5 to 95% of the reaction residue and 95 to 5% of a slag having a TiO.sub.2 content 60% by weight and a Ti(III) content of about 5 to 40% by weight, and thereafter eventually adding water, steam or dilute sulphuric acid to the mass to start the reaction.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting a three phase input into a constant voltage to a load, which voltage is substantially free of harmonics and ripples includes dividing the voltage to the load into two component voltages, with one component voltage comprising at least 80% of the total. The one component voltage is maintained constant and load independent. The voltage to the load is compared to a first reference voltage to obtain the difference therebetween and the value of the other component voltage is adjusted to minimize the difference. The two component voltages are added to form the voltage to the load.

Abstract: Metallized sheet-form textile materials of synthetic polymers or natural fibres, to which a metal layer has been applied by currentless wet-chemical deposition, are particularly suitable for use as reflectors for electromagnetic waves in the range from 10 MHz to 1000 GHz. In the case of stretched metallized fabrics, the reflecting radiation is partly polarized which can facilitate or improve the recognition of an object by radar beams. By periodically stretching and relaxing the fabric, it is even possible to modulate the reflected microwaves.

Abstract: A novel photopolymerizable composition comprising (a) a non-gaseous ethylenically unsaturated compound, (b) a thermoplastic organic polymer binder, (c) a photopolymerization initiator and (d) a specific s-triazine compound provides improved adhesion of a photopolymer prepared therefrom to a substrate even in aqueous plating or etching solutions.

Abstract: A process for producing collagen sponge which is insoluble but highly swellable in water, the sponge having a velour-like surface and being particularly suited for medical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: Tetrachlorophthalamic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents a trihalogenomethyl, trihalogenomethoxy or trihalogenomethylmercapto group,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, halogen or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, orR.sup.1 together with R.sup.2, in the o-position relative to each other, denote --O--CF.sub.2 --O--CF.sub.2 --,--O--CF.sub.2 --O--or --O--CF.sub.2 --CFX--O--, whereinX represents hydrogen, chlorine or fluorine, andR.sup.3 represents hydrogen, halogen or a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylmercapto or aryloxy group, the aryloxy being optionally substitutedwhich possess activity against bacteria, particularly those which attack plants.

Abstract: An inorganic pigment exhibiting improved gloss and distribution in lacquer binders, carrying a coating comprising a SiOH-containing organosilicon compound and an alkanolamine. Advantageously the alkanolamine comprises at least one of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol-1, the organosilicon compound is of the formula ##STR1## wherein n>3, R and R.sup.1 each independently is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein m>1, the organosilicon compound having an OH:Si ratio within the range of about 1:1 to 1:20, and the pigment comprises TiO.sub.2 or a titanate carrying an inorganic coating, the organosilicon compound plus alkanolamine ranging from about 0.3 to 1% by weight of the organosilicon compound to alkanolamine ranging from about 1:2 to 1:5.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the lightfastness of conventionally dyed leathers by treating the leathers before, during or after fatting with alkane and/or chloroalkane sulfonamides in amounts of about 0.1 to 8 weight percent, based on the shaved weight of the leather. Used as alkane sulfonamides and chloroalkane sulfonamides are preferably products with a chain length of about 10 to 35 carbon atoms and a chlorine content of about 10 to 40%. The alkane and/or chloroalkane sulfonamides are advantageously used in aqueous solution or in stable emulsion. A substantial improvement in lightfastness is obtained regardless of the type of the dye, tanning agent, fatting agent or other leather treating agent used.

Abstract: An inorganic pigment exhibiting improved gloss and distribution in lacquer binders, carrying a coating comprising a polyhydrogen siloxane and an alkanolamine. Advantageously the alkanolamine comprises at least one of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol-1, the polyhydrogen siloxane is a polymethylhydrogen siloxane having more than 5 Si atoms, and the pigment comprises TiO.sub.2 or a titanate carrying an inorganic coating, the polyhydrogen siloxane plus alkanolamine ranging from about 0.3 to 1% by weight of the pigment and the ratio by weight of the polyhydrogen siloxane to alkanolamine ranging from about 1:2 to 1:5.

Abstract: In order to prepare basic dyestuffs of the general formula ##STR1## in which A and B independently of one another represent a hetero-aromatic radical or a radical of the general formula ##STR2## in which Ar denotes the grouping ##STR3## in which Y represents hydrogen or a non-ionic substituent andn represents a number between 1 and 4, andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen or alkyl, aryl or aralkyl which is optionally substituted by non-ionic or acid groups, or together, or with the o-position of Ar, form a heterocyclic ring,D denotes hydrogen, alkyl, aryl which is optionally substituted by neutral or acid groups, or a hetero-aromatic radical andX.sup.

Abstract: 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid fluorine-substituted-benzyl esters of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, cyano, or alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl each with up to 4 carbon atoms, andR.sup.2 is a phenyl radical which is substituted by halogen and/or by optionally halogen-substituted phenoxy, with the proviso that the radical R.sup.2 in total contains at least one fluorine substituent,which possess insecticidal and acaricidal properties.

Abstract: Anthraquinone-azomethine compounds of the formula ##STR1## or of the tautomeric formula ##STR2## or of the tautomeric formula ##STR3## in which A denotes an anthraquinone radical which is free from sulphonic acid groups and optionally further substituted and which preferably consists of at most 5 fused rings,R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, carboxyl, carboxylic acid, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl ester or hydroxyl,R.sub.2 denotes hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted carbamoyl or optionally substituted sulphamoyl, sulphonic acid C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl ester, sulphonic acid aryl ester, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 - alkylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted benzoyl, alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl sulphone, or a hetero-aromatic radical, for example a radical of the formula ##STR4## or of the formula ##STR5## or of the formula ##STR6## R.sub.

Abstract: N-Cycloalkyl-N'-substituted-N'-acyl-ureas of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl,R.sup.2 is cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, andR.sup.3 is cycloalkyl or substituted phenyl,which are active against plant bacteria.

Abstract: An electrochemical oxidation process of optionally substituted toluene dissolved in an alcohol in the presence of a conducting salt is described wherein the electrochemical oxidation is carried out at a current density of 0.1 to 50 A/dm.sup.2 using oxidation-resistant anodes. According to the disclosure, the reaction product can be distillatively worked up to obtain secondary products which can be recycled to electrochemical oxidation optionally after treatment of at least some of the secondary products with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Water-soluble polyamines which are obtainable by reacting(A) one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible basic polyamides which have been prepared by condensation of aliphatic polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups and at least one secondary or tertiary amino group, or of mixtures of these polyamines and of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic polyamines containing two primary or two secondary amino groups or one primary and one secondary amino group, with saturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids containing 4-10 carbon atoms, or with functional derivatives thereof and optionally with .omega.-aminocarboxylic acids containing at least 3 carbon atoms, or lactams thereof,(B) one or more polyalkylenepolyamines of the general formula ##STR1## in which R denotes H or CH.sub.

Abstract: Chemical reaction products, obtained in an alkaline medium and which require the addition of a dispersing agent, are neutralized by addition of a free surface-active acid to which, after its preparation, basic agents have not been added or have only been added up to a pH value of 3.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing a synthetic hydroxyl ion-free quartz glass wherein a hydrogen free silicon compound is heated in a hydrogen-free gas stream while the gas stream is passed through an induction coupled plasma burner, the gas stream containing elemental and/or bound oxygen and the oxidation product is deposited on a refractory support as a vitreous mass, the improvement lying in including in the gas stream a gaseous hydrogen-free, thermally decomposable compound which yields fluorine in an amount of at least 500 gms. per kilogram of silica to be produced; an apparatus for producing a synthetic OH ion-free quartz glass comprising an induction coupled plasma burner which burner has disposed thereabout 3 concentric quartz glass tubes disposed in stepped configuration of which the outermost tube is the longest and the innermost tube is the shortest.