Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for programming a single-poly pFET-based nonvolatile memory cell bias the cell so that band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) is induced and electrons generated by the BTBT are injected onto a floating gate of the cell. Following a predetermined event, the single-poly pFET is biased to induce impact-ionized hot-electron injection (IHEI). The predetermined event may be, for example, the expiration of a predetermined time period or a determination that a channel has been formed by the BTBT injection process that is sufficiently conducting to support IHEI. Employing BTBT permits a previously overerased or stuck bit to be “unstuck” or “removed” and thus be made usable (i.e., able to be programmed) again.

Abstract: An inductive output tube (IOT) operates in a frequency range above 1000 MHz. An output window may be provided to separate a vacuum portion of the IOT from an atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT, the output window being surrounded by a cooling air manifold, the manifold including an air input port and a plurality of apertures permitting cooling air to move from the port, through the manifold and into the atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT. The output cavity may include a liquid coolant input port; a lower circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the liquid coolant input port; a vertical coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the lower circular coolant channel; an upper circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the vertical coolant channel; and a liquid coolant exhaust port coupled to receive liquid coolant from the upper circular coolant channel.

Abstract: A switching circuit operative to switch between a first and second power source to an output is disclosed. The circuit comprises a MOSFET switch electrically connected to the first and second power sources and operative to provide power from either one of the power sources to the output. The circuit includes a RC network electrically connected to a gate of the MOSFET switch. The RC network is operative to delay switching between the first and second power sources such that the second power source has the opportunity to fully ramp-up in order to provide continuous power to the output. Accordingly, the second power source can fully provide power to the output when the power is switched from the first power source to the second power source.

Abstract: Circuits are provided for high-voltage switching in single-well CMOS processes.

Abstract: A high-voltage graded junction LDMOSFET includes a substrate of a first conductivity type, a well of the first conductivity type disposed in the substrate, a first region of a second conductivity type disposed in the well of the first conductivity type, a source terminal coupled to the first region of the second conductivity type, a well of the second conductivity type disposed in the substrate, a second region of the second conductivity type disposed in the well of the second conductivity type, a drain terminal coupled to the second region of the second conductivity type, a region of the first conductivity type disposed in the substrate, a body terminal coupled to the region of the first conductivity type, a graded-junction region formed of material of the first conductivity type separating the well of the first conductivity type and the well of the second conductivity type, the material of the first conductivity type in the graded-junction region doped at least an order of magnitude less than the wells, a d

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a datagram transfer network that can operate stably by avoiding a state of congestion collapse by utilizing information derived from evaluating the impact of datagrams on the operation of the network. To achieve this objective, the results of evaluation is expressed as a preference value related to datagrams, and are inserted in the header in each datagram so that the datagrams are processed by an approach other than the methods based on arrival sequence of datagrams, when derived to the destination indicated in the header. In this approach, datagrams are protocol is controlled by priority order derived from the preference value which reflects traffic information obtained by a traffic monitoring equipment.

Abstract: A method for load sharing between tunnels connecting communication networks includes receiving a communication from a subscriber using the first communication network, determining tunnel selection criteria for the communication, selecting one of the at least one tunnel based on the tunnel selection criteria and forwarding the communication on the selected tunnel. The tunnel selection criteria indicate the basis for selecting one of the tunnels. An apparatus for load sharing between tunnels connecting communication networks includes a receiving interface to receive a communication from a subscriber using the first communication network, a tunnel selection criteria determiner to determine tunnel selection criteria for the communication, a tunnel selector to select one of the tunnels based on the tunnel selection criteria and a session forwarder to forward the communication on the selected tunnel. In one aspect of the invention, load sharing is performed between Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnels.

Abstract: A method for enhancing a process and profile simulator algorithm predicts the surface profile that a given plasma process will create. An energetic particle is first tracked. The ion fluxes produced by the energetic particle are then recorded. A local etch rate and a local deposition rate are computed from neutral fluxes, surface chemical coverage, and surface material type that are solved simultaneously.

Abstract: A low-cost tactile feedback mouse device for providing haptic feedback to a user for enhancing interactions and manipulations in a graphical environment provided by a computer. The mouse device includes a sensor device able to detect the movement of the mouse in the planar workspace. An actuator is coupled to the housing of the mouse and applies an inertial force in a particular degree of freedom, preferably along an axis perpendicular to the planar workspace, where the inertial force is transmitted through the housing to the user. The actuator outputs the inertial force preferably by linearly moving an inertial mass along the Z-axis. The output force is correlated with interaction of a controlled graphical object, such as a cursor, with other graphical objects in a graphical environment displayed by the host computer. The inertial force can be a pulse, vibration, texture force, or other type of force.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which can be physically connected underneath a guest telephone in a hotel. The apparatus is set up with interconnection logic and a networking card so as to allow for a notebook computer to interconnect with a local area network in the hotel. The apparatus is set up to switch between sending a voice data from the guest telephone or computer data packets from the notebook computer across the hotel room telephone wire.

Abstract: A host object representing a user, a service object representing a service, and a connection object linking the two may be utilized in order to provide Quality of Service (QoS). The host object and/or connection object may contain a provisioning scheme defining a limit on traffic, which can be provided through either a local or remote programming mechanism. When traffic flows through the host object and/or connection object, the appropriate provisioning scheme is utilized to determine which packets to discard.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a click surface in a graphical environment, such as a graphical user interface, implemented on a host computer for use with a force feedback interface device. A displayed cursor is controlled by a user-moveable user object, such as a mouse, of the interface device. A click surface is displayed with an associated graphical object, such as a graphical button or an edge of a window, icon, or other object. When the click surface is contacted by the cursor, a force is output opposing movement of the user object in a direction into the click surface and into the graphical object. When the user object has moved to or past a trigger position past the contact with the click surface, a command gesture signal is provided to the host computer indicating that the graphical object has been selected as if a physical input device on the user object, such as a button, has been activated by the user.

Abstract: Provided is a fluid dynamic bearing motor in which a rotor is rotatably supported by forming an oil gap between the rotor and a stator to form a fluid dynamic pressure bearing and a plurality of oil grooves are formed in a surface of the rotor or stator forming the oil gap and facing each other. The oil grooves include a first oil groove inclined at a first angle with respect to a circumferential direction, and a second oil groove extending from an end portion of the first oil groove and inclined at a second angle with respect to the circumferential direction. The first angle is formed relatively greater than the second angle.

Abstract: A global path identifier is assigned to each explicit route through a data communication network. The global path identifier is inserted into each packet as the packet enters a network and is used in selecting the next hop. When encountering a new selected path, an ingress router sends an explicit object to downstream nodes of the path to set up explicit routes by caching the next hop in an Explicit Forwarding Information Base (“EFIB”) table. Ingress routers maintain an Explicit Route Table (“ERT”) that tracks the global path identifier associated with each flow through the network. Multiple flows using the same path can be implemented by sharing the same global path identifier. In case of sudden network load changes, rerouting can be performed by changing the global path identifier associated with those flows that need to be rerouted and by then transmitting a new path object to downstream nodes.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting semiconductors contains a bonding station, whereby the bonding station comprises a wafer table for presenting the semiconductor chips, a substrate table and a pick and place system with a bondhead with a chip gripper. Part of the wafer table is located underneath the substrate table. The pick and place system has a first linear motor that comprises a rigidly arranged stator and a shuttle that can be moved in a first direction guided by first guide elements, and a second linear motor that comprises a rigidly arranged stator and a shuttle that can be moved in a second direction. The shuttle of the first linear motor has second guide elements that guide the shuttle of the second linear motor. The bondhead with the chip gripper is arranged on the shuttle of the second linear motor.

Abstract: A universal application decode engine that can be programmed to decode packet streams and identify the application which is generating the packet streams is disclosed. The universal application decode engine comprises a packet receiver, a state machine execution engine for executing application decode instructions, and a session correlation lookup engine for correlating a new session to an existing session.

Abstract: A haptic feedback device including a fluid viscosity-controlled brake that outputs high forces to the device user at low cost while maintaining inherent safety. An interface device includes a manipulandum physically contacted by the user. A sensor senses a position of the manipulandum and outputs a sensor signal. The interface device also includes a brake including a field-controlled fluid having a viscosity that can be controlled by controlling an electric current in a coil, where a resistive force or drag on the manipulandum is controlled by controlling the fluid's viscosity. The fluid can be an electrorheological fluid controlled by an electric field or a magnetorheological fluid controlled by a magnetic field. In one preferred embodiment, the resistive force is controlled by adjusting a degree of contact of the brake with the manipulandum based on the fluid's viscosity. Disclosed embodiments include fishing devices, bicycle simulators, and control knobs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting concealed items on or in an object by utilizing a low Z material panel. The object to be scanned is located between an x-ray detector and the low Z material panel. The method includes producing a pencil beam of x-rays from an x-ray source directed toward the object, scanning the beam of x-rays over the object, and detecting x-rays scattered from the beam of x-rays as a result of interacting with the object and the low Z material panel. The apparatus includes an x-ray source to produce a pencil beam of x-rays directed toward the object, a scanner to scan the beam of x-rays over the object, and the detector to detect x-rays scattered from the beam of x-rays as a result of interacting with the object and the low Z material panel.

Abstract: An IC package for mounting to a surface of a device board includes a first IC having a first surface supporting a first plurality of conductive leads extending orthogonally from the first surface, a second IC having a second surface supporting a second plurality of conductive leads extending orthogonally from the second surface, the first and second ICs spaced apart in parallel with the first and second surfaces facing, and an interposer trace board parallel to the first and second ICs and positioned between the first and second ICs, the trace board having conducting metal traces on a non-conductive sheet material, the traces accessible from both sides of the trace board, being exposed at selected regions through the non-conductive sheet. The package is characterized in that the conductive traces contact individual ones of the first and second pluralities of conductive leads, providing conductive signal paths from the first and second ICs between the ICs and leading to edges of the IC package.