Abstract: Disclosed are two-phase glass composite carrier particles which comprise a composite of a magnetically hard ferrite material having a single phase hexagonal crystalline structure of the formula MO.6Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 where M is barium, strontium or lead exhibiting a coercivity of at least 300 Oersteds when magnetically saturated and an induced magnetic moment of at least 20 EMU/gm when in an applied field of 1000 Oersteds which is dispersed in a glass matrix comprised of from about 10 to 20 molar percent CuO, from about 10 to 40 molar percent BaO and from about 10 to 40 molar percent B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; or a glass matrix comprised of from about 10 to 20 molar percent of V.sub.2 O.sub.5, from about 10 to 40 molar percent BaO and from about 10 to 40 molar percent B.sub.2 O.sub.3.Also disclosed is an electrostatic two-phase dry developer composition comprising charged toner particles mixed with oppositely charged carrier particles as described above.

Abstract: A microvoided polymeric receiver sheet provides important advantages in the transfer of electrophotographic toner images. Especially advantageous in reducing image defects is the use of such receiver sheets for thermally assisted transfer of toners of small particle size.

Abstract: A method transferring dry toner particles from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a polymeric coating on a surface in which the polymeric coating comprises a blend of:(i) from about 40 to about 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the blend of a thermoplstic addition polymer and(i) from about 10 to about 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the blend of a thermoplastic addition polymer having a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight in the range of from about 1:1 to 10:1.wherein the Tg of the thermoplastic addition polymers in the blend is less than approximately 10.degree. C.

Abstract: Transparent image-recording elements that contain ink-receptive layers that can be imaged by the application of liquid ink dots. The ink-receptive layers contain a combination of:(i) a vinyl pyrrolidone:(ii) particles of a polyester, namely a poly(cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-xylylene terephthalate-co-malonate-co-sodioiminobis(sulfonylbenzoate));(iii) a homopolymer or a copolymer of an alkylene oxide containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms;(iv) a polyvinyl alcohol;(v) a fluorocarbon surfactant of the formula:CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n Rwhere m is an integer of 2 through 10, n is an integer of 1 through 18 and R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 through 10 carbon atoms; and(vi) inert particles.A printing method which employs the transparent image-recording elements also is described.

Abstract: A method is provided for non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and have a particle size of less than 8 micrometers from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising a film-forming, electrically insulating polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix and a surface energy of not greater than approximately 47 dynes/cm, preferably from about 40 to 45 dynes/cm, to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a coating of a thermoplastic addition polymer on a surface of the substrate in which the Tg of the polymer is less than approximately 10.degree. C. above the Tg of the toner binder and the surface energy of the thermoplastic polymer coating is approximately 38 to 43 dynes/cm by contacting the toner particles with the receiver which is heated to a temperature such that the temperature of the thermoplastic polymer coating on the receiver substrate during transfer is at least approximately 15.degree. C.

Abstract: New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing new charge-control agents comprising N,N'-substitutedbis(pyridinium) salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is alkylene having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or arylenedialkylene wherein each alkylene moiety has 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the arylene moiety has from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, R' and R", which are the same or different, represent hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, aralkyl or alkaryl in which the alkyl group has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and the aryl group has from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms which is substituted with one or more nitro, alkoxy or halo groups and X and X', which are the same or different, are chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine.

Abstract: A method is provided for non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and have a particle size of less than 8 micrometers from the surface of an element which has a surface layer comprising a film-forming, electrically insulating polyester or polycarbonate thermoplastic polymeric binder resin matrix and a surface energy of not greater than approximately 47 dynes/cm, preferably from about 40 to 45 dynes/cm, to a receiver which comprises a substrate having a coating of a thermoplastic condensation polymer on a surface of the substrate in which the Tg of the polymer is less than approximately 10.degree. C. above the Tg of the toner binder and the surface energy of the thermoplastic polymer coating is approximately 38 to 43 dynes/cm by contacting the toner particles with the receiver which is heated to a temperature such that the temperature of the thermoplastic polymer coating on the receiver substrate during transfer is at least approximately 5.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention provides rolls, belts and other biasable members having at least one layer or coating of an elastomeric resilient crosslinked polyurethane formed by reacting (a) a polyisocyanate prepolymer comprising the reaction product of an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a polyether polyol, specifically a polyalkylene glycol in which the alkylene group contains 2 to 3 carbon atoms, and (b) a hardening mixture comprising a polyether polyol of (a) and, as a conductivity control agent, from 0.01 to 3.0 weight percent based on the total weight of (b) of a complex of an oligoethylene glycol selected from the group consisting of di-, tri- and tetraethylene glycol with an ionizable alkali metal salt selected from the group consisting of sodium iodide, lithium iodide and sodium thiocyanate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of non-electrostatically transferring dry toner particles which comprise a toner binder and which have a particle size of less than 8 micrometers from an element to a receiver. The receiver comprises a substrate having a coating of a thermoplastic polymer thereon and a layer of a releasing agent on the coating, where the polymer has a T.sub.g less than 10.degree. C. above the T.sub.g of the toner binder, and the release agent is present in an amount sufficient to prevent the polymer from adhering to the element. The receiver is heated to a temperature such that its temperature during transfer is above the T.sub.g of the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoreceptor comprising at least one substantially non-charge-injecting contact in a charge-collecting relationship with a solid phase consisting essentially of a compound having the general formula ##STR1## where each R is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8, aryl from C.sub.6 to C.sub.14, one or more fused benzene rings formed by adjacent R groups, halogen, cyano, and alkoxy from C.sub.1 to C.sub.8, each X is independently selected from S and O, and R.sub.1 is a conjugated bridging group. Also disclosed is a method of making that photoreceptor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method of making a hard copy in a process where a latent electrostatic image on an image-bearing substrate is developed by applying to the image a dry thermoplastic toner which comprises a binder polymer, and the developed image is transferred to the surface of a receiver by contacting the developed image on the substrate with the surface, then removing the surface from the substrate. The improvement comprises developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner having a particle size less than 8 micrometers, heating the surface before it contacts the developed image to a temperature such that the surface heats the toner particles when it contacts the developed image to a temperature between 10.degree. C. above the T.sub.g of the toner binder and 20.degree. C. below the T.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are carrier particles which comprise magnetically hard ferrite material having a single phase hexagonal crystal structure, and which contain neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, europium, or a mixture thereof, or a mixture of one or more of those elements with lanthanum. Also disclosed in an electrostatic two-component dry developer composition comprising charged toner particles mixed with oppositely charged carrier particles which comprise this hard ferrite material. A method for developing an electrostatic image by contacting the image with a two-component dry developer composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an interdispersed two-phase ferrite composite which comprises about 0.1 mole to about 1.0 mole of a spinel phase having the general formula MFe.sub.2 O.sub.4 where M is at least one element that forms a spinel ferrite, to about 2.5 moles of a magnetoplumbite phase having the general formula R.sub.x P.sub.1-x Fe.sub.12 O.sub.19 where R is selected from rare earth elements, P is selected from the group consisting of strontium, barium, calcium, lead, and mixtures thereof, and x has a value of from about 0.1 to about 0.4. Also disclosed is a carrier formed from magnetized and polymerically coated particles of the composite, a developer formed from a carrier and a toner, and a magnetic brush formed from a multiplicity of juxtaposed magnetically aligned hairs formed of the carrier.

Abstract: A process for the production of an alkyl .alpha.-keto-carboxylic acid of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein: R is a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms which comprises reacting an alkyl halide of the formula:RXwhere R is as defined above and X represents halogen, in a liquid solvent medium, with carbon monoxide at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic amount of a metal carbonyl compound and an alkali metal inorganic base or an alkaline earth metal inorganic base. Optionally, small amounts of LiI and/or bis(1,2-diphenylphosphino)ethane may be present in the reaction as co-catalysts.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals are prepared by reacting an N,N-di-hydrocarbyl-4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-aminomethyl)2,6-di-hydro carbyl-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined above and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals with an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.

Abstract: An aqueous hydraulic fluid comprising at least 80 percent water and containing a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid, a zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, a hydroxyalkylamine, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, and optionally, a polyalkylene glycol mono-fatty acid ester.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and R.sub.3 is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals are prepared by reacting a 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-hydrocarbyloxymethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are as defined above and R.sub.4 is selected from hydrocarbyl radicals or substituted hydrocarbyl radicals with an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyanomethyl)phenol by dealkylating the substituent groups ortho to the hydroxyl group from the 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.

Abstract: 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenols having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from hydrogen, hydrocarbyl radicals, substituted hydrocarbyl radicals and hydrocarbyloxy radicals and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different monovalent substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aralkyl and cyclic alkyl radicals and are prepared by reacting a di-substituted phenol having the formula ##STR2## when R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above with an aldehyde having at least one aldehyde radical and containing an R group as defined above and an alkali metal cyanide or an alkaline earth metal cyanide in a suitable solvent. The 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)2,6-di-substituted phenol thus formed can readily be converted to the corresponding 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.-cyano-methyl)-phenol by dealkylating the substituent groups ortho to the hydroxyl group from the 4-(.alpha.-hydrocarbyl-.alpha.

Abstract: Coking in and around the injector nozzles of indirect injection compression ignition engines is reduced by means of distillate fuel with which has been blended suitable concentrations of:(a) organic nitrate ignition accelerator,(b) hydrocarbyl amine having from 3 to 60 carbons and from 1 to 10 nitrogens, and(c) N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.Also described are additive mixtures of (a), (b), and (c) for use in distillate fuels in amounts sufficient to reduce the coking tendencies of such fuels when used in the operation of indirect injection compression ignition engines.

Abstract: Coking in and around the injector nozzles of indirect injection compression ignition engines is reduced by means of distillate fuel with which has been blended suitable concentrations of:(a) hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide,(b) hydrocarbyl amine having from 3 to 60 carbons and from 1 to 10 nitrogens, and(c) N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.Also described are additive mixtures of (a), (b) and (c) for use in distillate fuels in amounts sufficient to reduce the coking tendencies of such fuels when used in the operation of indirect injection compression ignition engines.