Abstract: A process for removing dissolved chromium from a solution wherein said chromium is in the anion form which comprises contacting said solution with an adsorbent, comprising a hydrous oxide of iron at conditions whereby said chromium is adsorbed on said hydrous oxide, and wherein said hydrous oxide of iron is a granular, porous, high surface area, substantially non-crystalline, black material.

Abstract: A coating composition is provided which is suitable for the protection of corrodible metallic surfaces. The coating composition includes a binder and a filler, with the filler present in an amount sufficient to impart corrosion-resistant characteristics to the coating composition. The filler comprises conductive metal particles and particles of a metal composition which comprises silicon and at least one active metal. The metal composition can be an alloy of silicon with an active metal which is unstable when introduced alone into water or a silicide of an active metal which is unstable when introduced alone into water.

Abstract: A method is provided for preventing the dissolution of transition metal-based cathodes used in chlor-alkali diaphragm cells by adding a small amount of a corrosion inhibitor, such as sodium silicate or trisodium phosphate, to the electrolytic solution during periods of interrupted current flow to the cell. The corrosion inhibitor is adsorbed on the surface of the cathode and forms an adherent protective film on the cathode. This film protects the cathode by preventing dissolution of the transition metal in the cathode coating due to oxidation by sodium hypochlorite.

Abstract: Electrically conductive articles which comprise a non-conductive substrate having thereon a substantially uniform, electrically conductive dispersion of finely divided particles of ferroalloys, silicon alloys, or mixtures thereof, are described. The articles are useful as components of electrical switches, contacts, connectors, circuit boards or electromagnetic interference shields. The conductive portion of the article may be subsequently electroplated or electrostatically painted.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for reducing the amount of alkali metal chlorate present in the cell liquor from a chlor-alkali cell, said apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell having at least one cathode element and one anode element, a cationic exchange membrane disposed between the anode and cathode elements, and an inlet for introducing chlorate-containing cell liquor and an outlet for removing purified cell liquor, inlet and outlet means for anolyte solution, and means for removing gaseous reaction products. The cathode element of said electrochemical cell is of a high surface area construction, preferably formed from compressed filaments of a ferrous material, such as iron or steel, and having sufficient porosity to permit the flow of cell liquor through the cathode. Preferably, when a plurality of anode and cathode elements are used, these elements are arranged in a staggered configuration in the apparatus to maximize the flow path of alkali metal chloride cell liquor through the apparatus.

Abstract: Microporous separators for electrolytic cells are fabricated from multiple fluoropolymer panels joined and sealed together so as to conform with cell geometry. Improved, leak-free seals are made in the case of chemically treated separators by applying a non-melt processable perfluoroalkylene polymer sealant between separator joints which are then sealable by application of heat and pressure. Only damaged sections or "worn" panels of cell separators need be replaced by resealing new panels to previously heat sealed edges of non-damaged separator sections by application of the polymer sealant. The sealant is one having melting or fusing temperature which is at least substantially equivalent to the melting or fusing temperature of the polymeric microporous separator.

Abstract: An electrolytic process for producing hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous alkaline solution includes simultaneously passing an aqueous alkaline electrolyte and oxygen through a fluid permeable conductive cathode comprising reticulated vitreous carbon foam, separating the fluid permeable conductive cathode from an anode by a barrier and connecting the fluid permeable conductive electrode and the anode with an external power source to cause generation of hydrogen peroxide ion within the aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: A cathode for use in electrolytic processes and a process for preparing such cathodes is described. The cathode comprises a cathodically active surface layer applied to a suitable substrate material. The surface layer comprises a codeposit of a first metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, and a second metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, indium, chromium, zinc, their oxides and combinations thereof. The surface layer is applied from an electroplating solution containing a soluble sulfur-containing compound, such as an alkali metal thiocyanate or thiourea.

Abstract: An electrolytic apparatus for the production of an alkali metal halate, such as sodium chlorate, from an aqueous solution of alkali metal halide, such as sodium chloride, includes vertical anodes and cathodes in alternating relationship in a housing, and an upwardly oriented flow directing funneling chimney structure in the housing and over the electrodes, through which, electrolyte between the electrodes rises, passing from a wider portion of the funnel to a narrower part thereof, and a connected chimney passageway, from which it is returned for recirculation to a location below the electrodes after removal of gas from it. Different structures of the electrolytic apparatus or cell are specifically disclosed, in one of which the electrolyte, after having passed through the funnel structure, moves longitudinally with respect to the cell, and in the other of which it moves transversely. Also disclosed are apparatuses of the types mentioned which include a plurality of the described funnel devices.

Abstract: A cathode for use in electrolytic processes and a process for preparing such cathodes is described. The cathode comprises a cathodically active surface layer, an intermediate binding layer, and a substrate. The intermediate binding layer comprises a codeposit of a first metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, and a second metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, indium, chromium, zinc, their oxides, and combinations thereof. The intermediate binding layer is applied to the substrate from an electroplating solution containing a soluble sulfur-containing compound, such as an alkali metal thiocyanate or thiourea. The surface layer is applied to the intermediate binding layer and comprises a codeposit of said first and second metals or metal oxides and a third metal selected from the group consisting of cadmium, mercury, lead, silver, thallium, bismuth, copper and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An environmentally sound system for the removal of elemental phosphorus from waste water resulting from phosphorus manufacture, use, conversion to other products, and storage, wherein the waste water is treated with a material such as lime that produces an insoluble phosphate, filtering the precipitate and passing the filtrate through a column of an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, to produce elemental phosphorus-free water which can be discarded without deleterious effects to the environment.

Abstract: Electrically conductive articles which comprise a non-conductive matrix containing an electrically conductive dispersion of finely divided ferroalloy, silicon alloy, or mixtures thereof, are described. Compositions for making the articles utilizing various non-conductive materials e.g., plastics, ceramics, and glass, are also described.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for preparing highly purified phosphorus acid from industrial waste materials which are produced as by-products from the manufacture of sodium hypophosphite. Such industrial waste materials contain substantial quantities of calcium phosphite, and appreciable quantities of various metals such as iron, magnesium, aluminum and arsenic. The process of the present invention comprises, in a preferred embodiment thereof, reacting a slurry of said waste materials with sodium carbonate to produce calcium carbonate as a precipitate and a solution of sodium phosphite. The sodium phosphite solution is then passed through a cation ion exchange resin in the hydrogen form to produce a highly purified phosphorus acid product having significantly reduced quantities of metallic impurities.

Abstract: A filter press type electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of brine to produce chlorine and caustic includes a plurality of rectangular frames having U-shaped or channel-shaped walls, the open sides of each of which wall members face inwardly, and a downcomer tube in each frame for conducting product from near the top of the frame to the bottom thereof for withdrawal. The downcomer tubes are located near a framing side but are not within a framing channel. The openings of the framing walls are partially covered by cross members of the same material as the framing to improve the resistance thereof to distortion during closing of the cell. Utilization of the downcomer tubes, preferably of polytetrafluoroethylene for the catholyte compartment and titanium or titanium clad material for the anolyte compartment, allows the maintaining of the framing channel open so that inner walls thereof are electrolytically protected against corrosion.

Abstract: Cathodes comprising a conductive metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal or titanium, having thereon an intermediate protective layer and an overcoating of a mixture of platinum and another noble metal are prepared. These cathodes function in aqueous alkali metal salt solution electrolytic cells or alkali metal halate electrolytic cells to reduce the cathode overvoltage in comparison with conventional ferrous metal electrodes.

Abstract: A rodenticide composed of particulate zinc phosphide which has been encapsulated with a layer or coating of a thermoplastic polymer. This polymer coating will inhibit reaction, in the rodent's mouth so that the zinc phosphide will be consumed without the rodent detecting its' presence. However, the coating will allow reaction of the zinc phosphide in the rodent's stomach which will cause the death of the rodent.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a stationary assembly and a movable assembly. The stationary assembly is comprised of a stationary platen which has a heat plate, a temperature-controlled sprue bushing and a mold face positioned thereon. The movable assembly is comprised of a movable platen which has a heat plate mounted thereon and a mold face, corresponding to, and adapted to be aligned with, the mold face on the stationary assembly to form a partially open mold cavity. Means are provided to feed a supply of thermosetting molding material through the sprue bushing into the partially open mold cavity. Means are provided to completely close the mold cavity and place the apparatus in a compression stage.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention includes a stationary assembly and a movable assembly. The stationary assembly is comprised of a stationary platen which has a heat plate mounted thereon, a temperature-controlled sprue bushing mounted in the heat plate and a plurality of mold faces positioned on the heat plate surrounding the periphery of the sprue bushing. The movable assembly is comprised of a movable platen which has a heat plate mounted thereon and a plurality of mold faces, corresponding to, and adapted to be aligned with, the mold faces on the stationary assembly. Means are provided to move the movable assembly into close proximity with the stationary assembly to form partially open mold cavities. Means are provided to feed a supply of thermosetting molding material through the sprue bushing into a manifold area and into the partially open mold cavities. Means are provided to completely close the mold cavities and place the apparatus in a compression stage.

Abstract: An improved fire retardant polyester polymer system and composition comprising an interpolymer of a reaction product of hexachlorocyclopentadiene, a polyhydric alcohol, a carboxylic acid containing aliphatic carbon-to-carbon unsaturation, a styrene-type monomer, maleic acid or anhydride and a copolymerizable brominated neopentylacrylate comonomer.

Abstract: A foraminous protective cathode for diaphragm-type electrolytic cells having a steel cathode and polymeric microporous separator reduces or eliminates separator plugging thereby increasing useful life-expectancy of the separator. The protective cathode positioned between the primary steel cathode and separator has an electroconductive metallic surface of nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, noble metals, noble metal oxides or mixtures thereof.