Abstract: A method for measuring the separation between two spaced light-reflecting rfaces by means of a single laser pulse. The reflected light is divided into two beams which are then projected at the same angle .theta. onto the same area on a photographic film to form interference fringes. The film is developed, placed on a translating platform, and passed through the beam of a CW laser, a portion of the beam being diffracted by the interference fringes recorded on the film. The distance .chi. between the high-intensity points of adjacent interference regions is measured and the separation of the two light reflecting surfaces is calculated from the formula d=.chi. sin .theta..

Abstract: A device for aligning the phase and amplitude of a quadrature-detected coent two-channel receiver utilizing a mixer in each channel comprising a circuit for providing a sweep frequency signal to each receiver channel; a circuit for detecting the envelopes of the receiver channels at the outputs of the mixers and determining the voltage difference between the envelopes; and a circuit for controlling the amplitude level in one of the receiver channels in accordance with this voltage difference. Simultaneously, the output signals from the two mixers are added with the resulting sum signal being envelope-detected, and also subtracted from each other with the resulting difference signal being envelope-detected. The sum envelope and the difference envelope are subtracted from each other to generate a control signal for controlling the phase of one of the mixer local oscillator signals to ensure that the mixer local oscillator signals are in phase quadrature.

Abstract: A Chemical Bonding Agent composition suitable for reducing Intermodulation Interference caused by "rusty bolts" which comprises a complexing polymer, a metal salt, a mild reducing agent, and a suitable solvent.

Abstract: A phased array lens antenna which includes a lens having two faces disposed ubstantially at a right angle to each other. Transmit-receive modules which include phase-shifters are shared between the two lens faces. Two lens antennas positioned in back-to-back relationship about a ship superstructure scan 360.degree..

Abstract: A pulse expander-compressor for magnifying the range-doppler-coupling effs that accompany the use of frequency-modulation derived phase coded pulse compressors in order to accentuate the doppler-coupling velocity effects on target echoes. The foregoing magnification is accomplished by generating a doppler tolerant polyphase coded waveform with equal time spaces inserted between successive code elements in order to make the time difference between the first and last code elements independent of the number of code elements involved. These equal spaces may be variable in order to allow any desired target radial velocity to produce a phase difference between the first and last code elements of 2.pi..The foregoing may be implemented in a pulse expander-compressor by replacing each delay t.sub.c in the compressor input-signal expansion circuit by a set of N delay elements t.sub.c, and a set of N associated switches, the switches permitting each element in the set to be connected or bypassed, as desired.

Abstract: An integrated optical signal processor device. The device includes a thin film of yttrium iron garnet ferrite material formed on a gadolinium gallium garnet substrate. A guided optical beam in a first polarization mode is directed through the thin film. A stripline antenna formed on the surface of the thin film is coupled to receive a microwave RF input signal. Under the influence of a bias magnetic field, the RF input signal excites a magnetostatic wave in the thin film. By means of Bragg diffraction, the magnetostatic wave diffracts the guided optical beam and thereby converts a portion of the beam into a second orthogonal polarization mode in response to the RF input signal. The guided optical beam is thereby modulated by the RF input signal. A preferred embodiment is disclosed which can be configured to form a spectrum analyzer, a time integrating correlator, and a space integrating convolver.

Abstract: A gyroscope system for obtaining an extended linear dynamic range for platform rotation rate measurements comprising a first fiber optic gyroscope with a first optical fiber coil described by a first quantity L.sub.1 R.sub.1 /.lambda..sub.1 where L.sub.1 is the length of the first optical fiber coil, R.sub.1 is the radius of the first fiber coil, and .lambda..sub.1 is the light source wavelength, this first quantity being chosen to provide a linear output for a first range of small rotation rates of the platform; a second fiber optic gyroscope with a second optical fiber coil described by a second quantity L.sub.2 R.sub.2 /.lambda..sub.

Abstract: An apparatus for changing the phase of a microwave signal comprising:a sample that exhibits the magneto-electric effect;a metal enclosure loaded with said sample; a voltage source; a feed electrode and a ground electrode attached to said sample and to said voltage source so that a voltage difference is created across said sample by said voltage source, said feed electrode connecting said voltage source and said sample by passing through said; a coupling slot in said enclosure that enables microwaves to enter into said enclosure and leave said enclosure after the microwave has been phase shifted and a means for producing a magnetic field inside the metal enclosure.

Abstract: A beam scanning antenna system that uses a small, rapidly rotatable feed enna to illuminate a large, fixed secondary collimating device, such as a reflector or electromagnetic lens, which in turn illuminates a large, fixed primary collimating device. The primary collimating device forms a narrow collimating beam that is reflected or transmitted into space. Rotation of the small feed antenna causes the beam to scan.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to automatically compensate for temperature variation in a vapor detection system. In one embodiment, two identical organic semiconductor film sensors in close thermal contact with each other are used in the feedback circuit of an inverting amplifier supplied by constant voltage. One of the sensors is isolated from vapor exposure to act as a reference for the other sensor which is used for vapor sampling. The output of the inverting amplifier provides an indication of the presence and relative concentration of vapor exposure. Variation in sample sensor resistance due to a change in temperature is accompanied by the same corresponding change in the reference sensor, which stabilizes the ratio of the feedback circuit resistances and therefore the gain of the inverting amplifier to exactly compensate for the temperature induced resistance variations automatically.

Abstract: A dual scan rate radar system (DSR) including a phased array antenna, a tsmitter, a receiver and a control unit. Each rf pulse from the transmitter includes contiguous long-range and short-range pulses. The control unit adjusts the antenna so that the long-range pulse is transmitted into a slow beam at .theta..sub.S and the short-range pulse is transmitted into a fast beam at .theta..sub.F. The control unit also adjusts the antenna to receive the short-range pulse echos during a first part of the interpulse interval and the long-range pulse echos during a second part of the interpulse interval. The angles .theta..sub.S and .theta..sub.F are varied so that the slow and fast beam are scanned at dual rates R.sub.S and R.sub.F, respectively, where R.sub.S <R.sub.F.

Abstract: A method of reoxidizing a partially-reduced ceramic. The partially reduced eramic is heated in a chamber having a non-oxidizing atmosphere. An oxidizing gas is then introduced into the chamber at a rate which is sufficiently slow that cracking will not occur.

Abstract: A method of making titanium alloy more resistant to sliding wear and fretting fatigue comprising the steps of:implanting carbon ions with at least one energy onto titanium alloy until at least 1.times.10.sup.17 carbon ions/cm.sup.2 have fallen onto the titanium alloy, said energy level of carbon ions being implanted being greater than 10 KeV. A second method comprises an additional step of heating the implanted titanium alloy to between 300.degree. C. and 500.degree. C. for 0.5 hours to 2 hours. The second method has a lower number of carbon ions/cm.sup.2 implanted onto the titanium.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for aligning a mask and wafer in the fabrication of ntegrated circuits utilizing alignment patterns on the mask and wafer. Each alignment pattern comprises a plurality of parallel alignment marks which are spaced from one another such that the patterns may be superimposed so that the marks of one pattern are positioned between marks of the other pattern. When the patterns are misaligned, a moire pattern is produced which disappears on alignment. The marks of each pattern are also disparately spaced from one another, permitting a gross to fine alignment. In aligning the patterns, each mark of one pattern is positioned between pairs of marks of the other pattern in an order corresponding to the widths of spaces defined between marks of the other pattern, progressing from the largest space width, giving gross alignment, to the smallest, giving fine alignment.

Abstract: An optical matrix multiplier using two linear modulating arrays in which the columns of the first matrix to be multiplied control the modulation of one array and the rows of the second matrix control the other array. Light is directed through all combinations of elements on the two arrays and the resultant beams measured by individual elements on a two-dimensional detector array. The detecting elements time integrates the intensity of light falling on each of them, which value corresponds to an element of the product of the two matrices. The invention may be implemented among other ways with two linear electrooptical arrays, a linear array of light emitting diodes and a linear electrooptical array, or two Bragg cells and a pulsed light source.

Abstract: A wide-band distributed coupler for coupling rf energy from an input waveguide into a tapered interaction waveguide in a traveling-wave amplifier comprising a plurality of channel filters connecting between the input and interaction waveguides, with each filter coupled to the interaction waveguide at the appropriate cross-sectional position along its tapered length where the interaction waveguide cutoff frequency approximately matches the wave frequency propagated by the filter. Each filter comprises, in one embodiment, a main coaxial cavity tuned to a distinct center frequency, a first simple isolation cavity for coupling rf energy between the input waveguide and the main cavity, and at least one second simple isolation cavity for coupling energy between the main cavity and the tapered interaction waveguide. This coupler is compatible both in bandwidth and geometry with the tapered interaction waveguide.

Abstract: A beam-steering feed network for use with linear and planar phased-array enna systems which includes a phase divider system for producing a plurality of incrementally phased IF signals. The phase divider system includes a plurality of coupled amplifier phase divider modules coupled together to form a network. The network is coupled to receive at least two boundary signals having different phase angles. The phase angle difference between the boundary signals is divided by the phase divider modules in the network. Each module produces an output signal having a phase angle differing from that of the output signals of the immediately adjacent modules in the network by a phase angle gradient. The system thus divides the phase angle difference between the boundary signals into a plurality of incrementally phased output signals.

Abstract: A surface alloy is formed upon a solid alloy substrate by implanting ions to a heated solid substrate. By this method, for example, an Ti binary surface alloy may be formed upon a carbon steel. Also, this process allows solid-state gettering of selected minority solutes in alloys.

Abstract: A multi-layer superconducting shield for shielding superconducting electronic devices from stray magnetic fields. In one embodiment the shield of the present invention comprises alternating concentric layers of a transition metal having a high transition temperature and a metal alloy formed from copper and a non-transition metal, said transition metal and metal alloy forming an interface, and a layer of A.sub.3 B-compound structure metal at the interface of said transition metal and metal alloy. The A.sub.3 B-compound structure metal is a high transition temperature superconductor.In a second embodiment the superconducting shield comprises a thin film of a high transition temperature superconducting nitride compound deposited on a cylindrical substrate. The nitride is deposited by reactive rf sputtering.

Abstract: A partially adaptive array which compensates for jamming. The array is comprised of more than 1000 elements and uses a bootlace lens to form a family of beams from which an adaptive array chooses at least one beam of the family of beams that most closely represents the jamming, and subtracts the beam from a main beam. In this way jamming of the beam is compensated for.