Abstract: A polarizing film of improved blocking position based on polyvinyl alcohol which comprises polyacetylene as the light-polarizing substance is obtained if such a film is heated for at least 10 s at a temperature of between 100.degree. C. and 300.degree. C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for handling photographic film within the print-exposure section of a photographic printer. A mask matches the film frame (negative) and has a window for the passage of the exposure light. The mask also has holes through which air can be directed onto the film. A guide for the edges of the film parallels, and demarcates a gap with the mask. A source of air under either overpressure or underpressure supplies such air to the mask (4) and the film (1) through the air-direction openings (15). The air is supplied with overpressure while the film is being advanced. The air is supplied with underpressure while the print is being exposed to clamp the film.

Abstract: Mouldings made from polyacetylene-containing polymer products comprising poly-acetylene and a polymer other than polyacetylene are distinguished by improved stability of their optical and electrical properties in air when they have a protective coating of a silicate.

Abstract: A camera that projects data onto an X-ray film (2). The film is accommodated in a light-tight cassette (3). The data is imaged onto the film with light projected along a row (A) through an open window (4) in the cassette. The camera is characterized by means (24a, 24b, 25a, 25b, & 29) of releasably securing the cassette relative to the top (1a) of the camera along and/or across the row and by a control unit (27) that actuates the securing means during exposure and acts in conjunction with sensors (15a, 15b, & 15c) which emit signals in accordance with the orientation of the cassette.

Abstract: A transparency to be reproduced is positioned in register with copy material having respective sensitivity maxima in the blue, green and red wavelength ranges of the spectrum. An illuminating unit for exposing the copy material includes an array of cells such as an LCD. The density of each cell can be varied individually to thereby change the illumination intensity, and the densities are adjustable in such a manner that, in the spectral ranges corresponding to the neighborhoods of the sensitivity maxima, the density of each cell changes by approximately the same factor.

Abstract: A color photographic silver halide material with a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer applied thereto which contains at least one 2-equivalent pyrazolone magenta coupler of the formula (I) ##STR1## with the substituents having the meanings stated in the specification and at least one amine which contains repeat units of the formulae (II) or (III) ##STR2## with the substituents having the meanings stated in the specification, is distinguished by reduced fogging and color spotting during storage.

Abstract: A method of, and a device for positioning an X-ray cassette (5 or 10) in relation to a source (1) of X-rays that emits radiation in a specific preferred direction (A). Another beam of radiation is emitted parallel to that direction at a specific distance (d) therefrom. The other beam is intercepted by a positioning device (20) secured to the cassette. The device produces a signal as long as the angle of incidence of the other beam does not exceed a specific threshold angle (.theta.) with respect to the normal to the cassette.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing exposed sheets of photographic material has a developing tank and a fixing tank which are separated by a vertical dividing wall, Each of the tanks has a transporting system for continuously transporting the exposed sheets through the respective tank, A transferring unit is located adjacent the upper end of the dividing wall and functions to transfer the sheets from the developing tank to the fixing tank without interruption, The transferring unit includes a pair of withdrawing rollers which grip the sheets as they emerge from the developing tank and a pair of feeding rollers which receive the sheets from the withdrawing rollers and advance the sheets into the fixing tank, The axes of the rollers are parallel to one another.

Abstract: A method of automatically controlling exposure when printing from film which is exposed under controlled lighting conditions. The prevailing lighting conditions are determined by photographing a standard subject in the form of a gray-scale board with at least one field of gray and illuminated by the studio lighting. The gray scale is recognized as a standard subject during region-by-region analysis of the film's frames and the results obtained from the gray scale are employed as a film-specific standard in computing the levels of light to use for printing.

Abstract: Apparatus for the preparation and dispensing of liquids which are used in developing machines for photosensitive material has a vessel with an upright partition over which a freshly formed mixture containing at least one liquid substance can overflow from a mixing chamber into a storage chamber. The latter has a bottom wall disposed at a level below the bottom wall of the mixing chamber and provided with an outlet which discharges mixture into a collecting container. A pump is provided to circulate the liquid substance along an endless path extending in part through the mixing chamber, and the partition has an opening slightly above or at the level of the bottom wall of the mixing chamber to permit direct flow of mixture between the two chambers when the mixture in the storage chamber reaches a certain level. The flow of mixture through the opening is controlled by a valve including a float.

Abstract: A photographic copier has a copying station with a platen for a master to be reproduced and a platen for copy material. A straight guide extends across the copying station below the platen for the master and above the platen for the copy material, and a carrier is movable along the guide. The carrier supports several parallel rows of objectives, and the rows extend transverse to the direction of travel of the carrier. The objectives of each row have the same magnification and the magnification decreases successively from row to row, or vice versa. Each row is located at a different level of the carrier with the row of maximum magnification at the highest level and the row of minimum magnification at the lowest level. The objectives have vertical optical axes and the guide is inclined to the optical axes at an angle different from 90 degrees. The row of maximum magnification is disposed at the end of the carrier which faces the lower end of the guide.

Abstract: A reel for strip-like recording substrates, in particular photographic films, with a slot provided in the reel core and at least one hook provided therein for fixing the end of the tape inserted into the slot, wherein the upper and lower side of the hook are joined together by an oblique face at the end opposite the film insertion side, in such a manner that the hook tapers towards the hook end and the hook surface is longer than the hook under-side, and wherein any chosen sections parallel to the under-side of the hook through the oblique face produce arcuate lines of intersection, ensuring secure insertion of the film end.

Abstract: Apparatus for developing a photographic emulsion carrier. The carrier travels through a succession of tanks of photographic processing fluid. The apparatus includes mechanisms that forward the carrier through the tanks, a drive device that operates the forwarding mechanisms, guides that guide the carrier from one tank into the next, and means that connect an inlet for each processing fluid with its associated tank. The apparatus also includes at least one separate assembly associated with at least one tank, for forming a cascade which includes means for conveying the processing fluid from at least one cascade stage to the tank. The assembly, for forming the cascade is a separate module that rests as a cover on the tanks and has a separate inlet for receiving processing fluid. The cascade assembly accommodates a mechanism that forwards the carrier through it. This mechanism couples with the mechanisms that forward the carrier through the tanks while the cascade assembly is resting on them.

Abstract: A device for processing photographic materials and comprising at least one tank filled with a liquid, in whicha) a number of superposed and successive pairs of rollers are disposed above the level of liquid in the tank,b) the rollers in each pair are disposed parallel to one another,c) all the pairs of rollers lie in a vertical plane, andd) the axes of each pair of rollers are at an angle of 0.degree. to 40.degree. to the horizontal, and in the case of angles deviating from 0.degree. the axes are disposed so that the lowest point of one pair of rollers is below the highest point of the next pair and below the lowest point of the next but one pair and correspondingly the highest point of a pair of rollers is below the lowest point of the next pair and below the highest point of the next pair but one,can efficiently wash the photographic material, using very small amounts of water.

Abstract: Successive or selected sheets of a series of exposed sheets of photosensitive material which are to enter a developing machine are shifted sideways through identical distances or through randomly selected distances so that each next-following sheet partially registers with one or more preceding sheets. The series can consist of a single row or of plural rows of exposed sheets. Such lateral staggering of the sheets ensures that the sheets contact each portion of each advancing roll in the developing machine so that the rolls cannot gather layers of impurities which could affect the quality of next-following sheets. The sheets of the series have identical formats.

Abstract: A printer has a light source and an objective which direct a light beam along a predetermined path, and a unit in the path for measuring the density of a master to be reproduced. The measuring unit includes a filter combination of at least two filters downstream of the objective and a light sensor downstream of the filter combination. The filter combination has a transmission pattern which shifts as the angle of incidence of the light beam on one or more of the filters changes. At least one of the filters is pivotable in order to vary the angle of incidence of the light beam on the same. This allows the transmission pattern to be shifted so as to adjust the measuring unit to the spectral sensitivity of the copy material used for reproduction of the master.

Abstract: A cassette for a stack of superimposed sheets of X-ray film has a bottom wall, four sidewalls disposed at the upper side of and defining with the bottom wall a rectangular or square chamber for at least one stack of sheets, and a cover which is pivotally connected to one of the sidewalls and is movable between an open position to afford access to the chamber and a closed position in which it cooperates with the sidewalls to prevent penetration of light into the chamber. The top surface of at least one sidewall is provided with one or more markers (e.g., in the form of a row of triangular indicia) made of or containing a material which permits ready visual detection of the marker in a darkroom whereby a person looking at the marker can ascertain at a glance whether or not one or more uppermost sheets of a stack in the chamber are misaligned so that they overlie the top surface or surfaces of one or more sidewalls and must be reoriented prior to pivoting of the cover to closed position.

Abstract: A bar code is scanned to generate a signal which is representative of the bar code and contains a series of maxima and minima. The signal is sampled to detect the maxima and minima corresponding to the encoded information of the bar code. The detected maxima are compared with an upper threshold value while the detected minima are compared with a lower threshold value. For each detected maximum and minimum, a "0" or "1" is entered in a memory depending upon whether or not the detected maximum or minimum exceeds the corresponding threshold value. This produces an array of bits which is then decoded.

Abstract: Antistatically treated plastic moldings which contain two layers on the surface to be antistatically treated, the layer situated nearer the plastic surface being an antistatic layer and the more remote layer being a protective layer of a radiation-curing coating composition which is cured by exposure to ionizing radiation, are distinguished by excellent antistatic properties and very good surface properties.

Abstract: A moist web of exposed and developed photographic film or photographic paper is continuously advanced through a drying unit wherein selected areas of the path for the web are monitored by devices which generate signals denoting the heat absorptivity of monitored portions of the web. Such signals are processed and utilized to regulate the intensity of heat which is emitted by batteries of heating elements at both sides of the path for the running web. This ensures that the less developed portions of the web are subjected to sufficient heating action and that the more developed portions of the web are not overheated. The monitoring can involve ascertaining the intensity of heat which has penetrated through successive portions of the running web and/or ascertaining the intensity of heat which is reflected by successive portions of the running web and issues from heating elements designed to emit heat of known intensity.