Abstract: Liquid is evaporated from a particulate solid material by passing the material through a row of upwardly open, elongated interconnected cells and introducing superheated steam into the cells at their lower ends in a manner so as to impart to the particles a whirling movement. Dried particles are lifted out of the cells and into a common transfer zone and from said zone down into a discharge cell which has no steam supplied thereto. The dried material thus introduced into the discharge cell is discharged together with material which has passed the row of cells.The invention eliminates the need for effecting an initial disintegration of the solid particulate material.

Abstract: Seeds of a grain legume of relatively low lipid content are processed under conditions found to yield an improved protein isolate which is well suited for human consumption. The seeds of the grain legume are wet-milled in an aqueous medium to form a finely milled slurry with the protein being substantially dissolved in water (as described). Solid material is removed from the protein slurry, and low molecular weight coagulation inhibitors inherently present are removed from the extract of protein by ultrafiltration with the aid of diafiltration to form a protein retentate. The protein retentate is coagulated through the action of proteolytic enzyme (as described) to produce the improved protein isolate of the present invention which optionally may be recovered in a particulate solid form. The resulting protein isolate of the present invention exhibits excellent emulsifying properties and can be used to advantage as an additive for food systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for the ultra or hyperfiltration of liquids to form a permeate fraction and a concentrate fraction includes a stack of membranes and membrane support plates. The stack includes two longitudinally extending main flow passages connected with a plurality of flow passages extending along the surfaces of the membranes. There is provided a device for blocking the flow of liquid from one main flow passage to the other in a zone around the center line between the two main flow passages. Ribs may be provided having a height which increases when viewed in a direction from the central part towards the periphery of a membrane support plate with the object of obtaining an improved distribution of liquid over the membrane surfaces.

Abstract: In a process for the production of sugar thick juice from lime-containing raw juice and wherein carbon dioxide and soda are added to the lime-containing raw juice in at least one carbonation step, and wherein the thin juice is preheated and evaporated to form thick juice, ammonia in the form of gaseous spent heating medium originating from the preheating of the thin juice is added to the lime-containing raw juice. The method of the invention results in a reduction of the consumption of soda in the carbonation step and in an increased sugar yield.

Abstract: Method of purifying sugar juice which has been prepared by extraction of a sugar beet material comprising mechanically separating undissolved components, chemically treating the juice to convert low molecular non-sugars into higher molecular compounds and to convert non-soluble compounds into soluble compounds and ultrafiltering the sugar juice thus obtained to separate high molecular components therefrom, thus obtaining a purified sugar juice which is suitable for the manufacture of crystalline sugar of a higher quality than conventionally purified sugar juice.

Abstract: A liquid fuel composition consisting of a stable emulsion of (a) a mineral fuel oil, (b) methanol or an aqueous solution of methanol, saccharose or a starch decomposition product, and (c) a polymeric emulsifier.The fuel composition is prepared by emulsifying the three components in a homogenizer or an ultrasonic generator.The fuel composition has a viscosity of the same order as that of the mineral fuel oil and the utilization of calories contained in the fuel composition is higher than that of pure mineral fuel oil when used as a fuel for a diesel engine.A polymeric emulsifier is prepared by esterifying a naturally occurring polymer containing free hydroxy groups with a fatty acid or with a condensation product of a hydroxy fatty acid.

Abstract: In a rotary drum or disc filter having circumferentially distributed cells in constant communication through open outlets with a common vacuum chamber, which may be the interior of the drum, or part of that interior, or a separate chamber rotating together with the filter. In a position of each cell where filter cake is to be blown off, a jet of compressed air or steam is injected into the respective outlet through a nozzle which combines with the outlet to form an ejector pump (jet pump).

Abstract: A crystallizer which comprises a vertically mounted elongated container that contains at least one bundle of spaced cooling pipes extending longitudinally of the container and a wing attached to a shaft extending longitudinally of the container, the shaft being rotated so as to oscillate about its axis and thus force crystallizable liquid forwards and backwards through the spaces between the cooling pipes to cool the liquid and thus cause a crystallization thereof.

Abstract: A cooler for mixtures of crystals and crystallizing liquid in the production of sugar and related products comprises a bundle of vertical pipes for the passage of such a mixture from a bottom chamber to a top chamber. The vertical pipes are surrounded by a cooling medium, and in the interior of the pipes plungers are provided which have a somewhat smaller diameter than the inner wall of the pipes so as to form a slot-like passage along the inner wall of each pipe. The plungers are moved up and down through the pipes. The cooler is especially adapted for promoting crystallization by a rapid drop of temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the viscosity or consistency of fluids, such as liquids, emulsions and suspensions, comprises a hydraulic pressure sensor, such as a pressure transducer, and an impeller rotating in front of the sensor so as to produce a periodically varying flow of fluid in a direction towards the sensor.

Abstract: A method for the seeding of a super-saturated sugar solution to effect a crystallization therein by adding to the solution finely milled sugar suspended in a suspension agent, said suspension being capable of being spread in the sugar solution and being stable for longer periods of time when being subjected to a slow flowing movement.An apparatus for seeding a super-saturated sugar solution comprising a liquid conduit system and means for generating a continuous stream of a suspension of finely milled sugar crystals in a suspension agent and for injecting at desired intervals a dosed amount of suspension from a point in the liquid conduit system into the sugar solution to be crystallized.

Abstract: Process for dewatering thickened sludge comprising the steps of depositing thickened sludge onto a porous support, partially dewatering the thickened sludge by establishing a vacuum within said porous support, compressing the partially dewatered sludge on said porous support at a pressure of from 1 to 10 kp/cm.sup.2 to further dewater the sludge and to form a sludge cake, compressing the sludge cake on the porous support at a pressure of from 10 to 300 kp/cm.sup.2 to further dewater the sludge cake and discharging the dewatered sludge cake from the porous support.