Abstract: A system software solution for controlling an enterprise having one or more components for controlling one or more aspects of an industrial environment. The software includes one or more components for controlling one or more aspects of an industrial environment with code that creates a database of components from existing schematics and timing diagrams. Each of the components have control, diagnostic and resource information pertaining to enterprise resources utilized in the industrial environment. The system also generates code that controls resources comprising cognitive and timing information that synchronizes events throughout the enterprise. The database of components including code that updates the database to reflect changes in the enterprise that manages the design, simulation, implementation and maintenance of a manufacturing enterprise utilizing the database of components.

Abstract: A system combines an open control interface workstation, e.g., a properly configured personal computer, with a networked computer numerical control. The personal computer and CNC are preferably linked to a local area network such as an Ethernet network. The open control interface is configured to utilize Windows DDE, or other protocol, to accomplish process-to-process communications with other DDE-compliant Windows applications. Additionally, the open control interface is designed to allow DDE-compliant Windows applications to communicate with one or more networked computer numerical controls while minimizing data flow over the network.

Abstract: A system software solution for controlling an enterprise comprising one or more components for controlling one or more aspects of an industrial environment with code that creates a database of components, each of the components containing control, diagnostic and resource information pertaining to enterprise resources utilized in the industrial environment. The system also generates code that controls resources comprising cognitive and timing information that synchronizes events throughout the enterprise. The database of components includes code that updates the database to reflect changes in the enterprise and integrates the new design, simulation, implementation and maintenance changes to optimize the manufacturing enterprise utilizing the database of components.

Abstract: A system combines multiple man-machine interfaces with multiple computer numerical controls over a network. Typically, each man-machine interface comprises a personal computer with a Windows-based operating system utilizing a standard process-to-process communication protocol, such as Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). This type of system allows a wide variety of M-to-N topologies in CNC environments. Further, the use of standard personal computer operating systems and common process-to-process communication protocols permits the networking of other types of devices and the use of other third party applications.

Abstract: A motor control system or electronic motor starter is optimized to replace electromechanical motor starters. Heat dissipation requirements are reduced by utilizing a by-pass contactor when the motor is in a run mode. The electronic motor starter derives power from an AC motor control signal conventionally utilized to power the coritactor coil associated with a conventional electromechanical starter.

Abstract: A method of maintaining cross reference information regarding a user program comprises the steps of determining that an aspect of a first referencee has been modified, notifying a first referencer that the aspect of the first referencee has been modified, and updating cross reference information. The notifying step is performed by the first referencee, and the updating step is performed by the first referencer. The cross reference information is stored in a database comprising an entry for each reference made by a referencer to a referencee. Each entry stores a unique identifiers which identify a respective referencer and referencee. The cross reference information is automatically updated through a notification procedure in which referencees are responsible for notifying referencers when an aspect of the referencee changes, and the referencers are thereafter responsible for updating the cross reference information.

Abstract: A method of transferring firmware to a non-volatile memory of a programmable controller system comprises the steps of establishing a remote network connection and transferring the firmware to the non-volatile memory of the programmable controller system by way of the remote network connection. The remote network connection is established between a first computer system utilized by a firmware provider and the programmable controller system. The first computer system is located remotely from the programmable controller system. Alternatively, the remote network connection may also be established between the first computer system and a second computer system utilized by a user of the programmable controller system and located locally with the programmable controller system. Advantageously, using a network link, firmware upgrade can be downloaded into a processor module of a programmable controller system from a firmware provider, without any transportation delays and without any significant hardware intervention.

Abstract: A diagnostic system includes a vibration sensor mounted on a machine which has vibration-generating components having different vibration characteristics with respect to a common sensor. The vibration sensor measures vibrations and sends vibration signals to a diagnostic module for evaluation of the signals. The diagnostic module has software for processing the vibration signals. From a known natural frequency of a vibration-generating component, the diagnostic module measures the amplitude of the vibration signal at more than one harmonic frequency of the known natural frequency and compares the amplitudes to amplitudes at adjacent harmonic frequencies.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling tension of a material on a winder by controlling the torque on the winder using a fuzzy logic controller which automatically determines various material and operating characteristics and adjusts torque as a function of the determined characteristics including material density, spindle inertia, material acceleration and diameter of material accumulated on a spindle.

Abstract: A communication protocol employing dummy input and output values is used in communicating blocks of data between an industrial controller and its I/O modules while preventing premature use of partially transmitted data by the I/O modules yet without the need for special handshaking type circuitry or the continuous overhead of such handshaking protocols.

Abstract: An active input circuit module includes a plurality of active input circuits disposed on a circuit board each circuit having an input and a return. Each active input circuit further has a constant current source having a current source input and a constant current output coupled through a current limiting resistor to an opto-coupler input and the return. A shunt resistor is coupled in parallel with the opto-coupler input.

Abstract: Low voltage logic circuitry is used to permit an entire subsystem of an industrial controller to be placed within a hazardous environment to receive a high speed serial link and undertake the control of multiple control points without expensive and awkward long cable runs and electrically isolating circuits for each cable run. Energy and bandwidth limiting on the high speed link allows power levels commensurate with high data rates yet intrinsic safety of the media allowing it to freely pass in and out of the hazardous area. A mixture of intrinsically safe and non-intrinsically safe equipment on the same logical rack is allowed through a bus isolator providing isolated data communication in backplane fashion between modules while wholly isolating power transmission along the backplane.

Abstract: The arrangement for mechanically coupling an overload relay (1) to a contactor (2, 15) is suitable for use with a contactor (2) having connection terminals (11) with wire cages (17) as well as with a contactor (15) having connection terminals (16) with pressure plate claws (12). In order to allow mechanical coupling for both types of connection terminals (11, 16), the coupling cutout in the base of the contactor (2, 15) contains a central cutout (7) and two slots (8, 9) on both sides of the central cutout (7), which are aligned in the pick-up direction of the connection terminals (11, 16). The central cutout (7) is provided to accept the entire end section of the hook (3), and both the slots (8, 9) accept only the flat end section (4) that lies behind the latch element (5) of the hook (3).

Abstract: A multilayer circuit board or laminated circuit board includes an insulated mounting area for a surface mount package. The mounting area is provided in a recess or portion of the circuit board where the circuit board is only a single layer thick. The insulated mounting area is provided in a blind via in the multilayer circuit board. The insulating medium associated with the single layer provides a heat conductive yet highly electrically insulative mounting area for a heat sink. The heat sink may be mounted on a side opposite the electrical device. The heat sink may be a standard heat sink or a copper coil directly soldered to the circuit board. The heat sink mounting advantageously eliminates the need for bolts, nuts, brackets, and an additional insulating layer necessary to insulate power semiconductor components.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit board or laminated circuit board includes an insulated mounting area for a surface mount package. The mounting area is provided in a recess or portion of the circuit board where the circuit board is only a single layer thick. The insulated mounting area is provided in a blind via in the multilayer circuit board. The insulating medium associated with the single layer provides a heat conductive yet highly electrically insulative mounting area for a heat sink. The heat sink may be mounted on a side opposite the electrical device. The heat sink may be a standard heat sink or a copper coil directly soldered to the circuit board. The heat sink mounting advantageously eliminates the need for bolts, nuts, brackets, and an additional insulating layer necessary to insulate power semiconductor components.

Abstract: A latching mechanism comprises a stationary chamber (1), a spring-loaded main slide (2) which is guided along the stationary chamber (1) in a first direction, a spring-loaded message slide (3) disposed inside the stationary chamber (1) which is guided in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a spring-loaded snap lever (4) which is pivotally mounted inside the stationary chamber (11) and which supports the switch lock's toggle linkage during the switched-on position of an overload protection switch. The main slide (2) is mechanically coupled to a manual actuator. During switching-on, the main slide (2) is moved in the direction of the message slide (3), such that the message slide (3) is moved via interacting bevels (19, 28), and locks the main slide (2). During tripping, the trip latch moves the message slide (3), causing the main slide (2) to be locked into a tripped position and causing the snap lever (4) to be released.

Abstract: A multiphase circuit interrupter includes a plurality of power phase sections for establishing and interrupting electrical power carrying paths for a plurality of phases. Each power phase section includes first and second conductive regions which contact one another to complete the current carrying path for the phase. The second conductive region is movable to an interrupted position to interrupt the path. An interphase current carrying path is established between the power phase sections to conduct electrical energy between the sections following a trip event in any one of the sections. The interphase current carrying path may be established by a conductive element extending between the power phase sections. Channels may be formed in the interrupter housing between the power phase sections to communicate conductive plasma generated during separation of the contact regions from one another between the power phase sections.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for selecting one of several different modulating signals for use with a system including a PWM controller and an inverter to generate low frequency alternating voltages on three motor supply lines, modulating signals selected as a function of a modulating index to minimize harmonic distortion in the alternating voltages, minimize switching losses, maximize overall system gain at high modulating index values and maximize the linear range of system operation.

Abstract: A motor is reconnected to a motor drive by exciting the motor to induce a back EMF, determining a speed of rotation of the motor based on the induced back EMF induced, and reconnecting the motor drive to the motor based on the speed determined. In order to induce the back EMF, current which flows through the motor is controlled using first and second regulators. The outputs of the first and second current regulators are separated from each other in phase by approximately 90.degree.. A positive feedback loop is established by using the output of one of the first and second regulators to generate an input for the other one of the first and second regulators. The positive feedback loop advantageously causes the back EMF to continually increase as the motor continues to be excited, or at least not decay so rapidly that the speed of the motor cannot be accurately determined.

Abstract: An integrated RISC and relay ladder logic processor uses shared registers, program counter, bus lines, and processing circuitry to eliminate delays associated with transfer of control in co-processor type architecture. The RISC instructions do not significantly interfere with the specialized hardware needed for rapid relay logic execution, the latter which may be further improved through the use of a pipeline well suited for relay ladder logic which creates few pipeline hazards. Two levels of condition codes are used for the arithmetic and logic instructions to permit nested arithmetic operations without interference with those instructions visible to the user. Hybrid instructions are provided to synchronize the relay ladder instructions with the arithmetic instructions, thus truly integrating the two instruction sets.