Abstract: Input and output capacity of a continuous cycling programmable controller is increased by utilizing a program which defines a series of timing windows or channels each of which extends for a period greater than a single program cycle. Control switches and sensing switch devices and output LEDS, are divided into channel groups which are energized only during the corresponding channel timing window. Readings of energized input devices are taken during input timing windows which are delayed from and shorter than the corresponding energized window to account for output and input delay and startup and stopping irregularities. Additionally, light indicators are incorporated within a graphic display having an arrangement of baths depicted spatially relative to a corresponding arrangement of control units to enable substantially easier identification of the various control conditions of the process.

Abstract: Iodine and certain iodine compounds are used as activators (oxidizers) in otherwise conventional autodeposition coating compositions, resulting in improved coating quality. When at least one unsaturated recurring unit polymer is comprised within the latex, corrosion resistance of the coating is also improved.

Abstract: Staining of the finish coat on irregular workpieces caused by bleed-out of cleansing chemicals used in autodeposition coating processes is substantially eliminated by maintaining temperatures sufficiently constant to reduce or eliminate significant contraction or expansion of the metal fabric of the workpiece throughout the cleaning stage of the process.

Abstract: Aqueous copper coating compositions, solid compositions for forming the aqueous compositions, and processes for coating the surfaces of ferrous-containing materials by contacting said surfaces with the aqueous copper coating compositions, wherein the aqueous compositions contain:(a) from about 10 to about 30 grams/liter of cupric ions;(b) from about 1 to about 10 grams/liter of chloride ions;(c) from about 0.1 to about 10 grams/liter of at least one aminepolyacetic acid compound; and(d) either(i) from about 0.01 to about 10 grams/liter of acriflavine hydrochloride and from about 0.1 to about 20 grams/liter of a polyalkylene oxide C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 alkyl or alkenyl amine; or(ii) from about 0.1 to about 10 grams/liter of the reaction product of ortho-toluidine and formaldehyde.

Abstract: Curing of autodeposited coatings by treatment with water or steam.

Abstract: An aqueous rust preventative composition for application to iron-containing alloys which contains a mono-alkali or monoalkanolamine salt of a phosphoric acid ester of an unsaturated hydroxy fatty acid containing from 14 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Autodeposition unsaturated latex baths which are hydrogen peroxide-free (using iodine or certain iodine salts or free acids as the oxidizer) and which are hydrofluoric acid-free (using, preferably, acetic acid) afford coatings which can incorporate silicate-containing pigments, fillers, and other ingredients.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions containing as essential ingredients; an alkanolamine, an aliphatic carboxylic acid containing 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and an arylenetriazole have been found effective in removing resin-containing sealants from the surfaces of zinc containing metals, such as galvanized steel, without causing changes in the surfaces of the metal, so that phosphate coatings which are subsequently applied to said surfaces are neither streaky nor spotty.

Abstract: Processes and alkaline cleaning compositions for cleaning aluminum containers to prevent off-flavor and off-taste in liquid comestible products with which the containers are filled. The processes involve the use of an aqueous alkaline cleaning solution having the following compositions:______________________________________ Ingredient Quantity, g/l ______________________________________ 1. Alkali metal or ammonium carbonate 0.1-0.9 2. Alkali metal or ammonium tripoly- 0.6-7.6 phosphate (anhydrous) 3. Alkali metal or ammonium tetraborate 0.5-6.3 (pentahydrate) 4. Alkali metal or ammonium metasilicate 0.1-0.8 (anhydrous) 5. Tri(alkali metal or ammonium)phosphate 0.4-5.4 (anhydrous) 6. Alkali metal or ammonium gluconate or 0.1-1.3 glucoheptonate 7. Surfactant 0.02-0.

Abstract: A cold paint stripper composition and replenisher composition for removing paint from solid surfaces comprising an aqueous composition containing a chloroacetic acid, a relatively low concentration of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 chlorinated hydrocarbon, an anionic sulfonate, naphthenic acid, a sorbitan C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 ester, and, optionally, a corrosion inhibitor, tetrahydrofuran, paraffin wax, and formic acid.

Abstract: Cleaning solutions and processes for removing contaminating sealants used in the automotive and allied industries from water-insoluble surfaces. The cleaning solutions are aqueous solutions containing at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 alkanoic acid, and optionally, other ingredients such as alkali metal phosphates, surfactants, etc.

Abstract: Solid and aqueous compositions containing a Jernstedt salt, a phosphate, a polyphosphate, a silicate, a carbonate, a hydroxide, a sequestrant, an anionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant. The aqueous solutions can be used at temperatures as low as 100.degree. F. to effectively clean and condition metallic surfaces prior to the application thereto of a conversion coating.

Abstract: Monoesters of phosphoric acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein n has a value from about 7 to 11, preferably from about 8-10, and m has a value from about 2 to about 4, preferably about 2.5, are good cleansing agents.

Abstract: A process for cleaning soil, lubricants or other such contaminants from tin surfaces without visibly etching the tin surface by applying aqueous alkaline cleaning solutions to said surfaces. Spraying is a preferred means for contacting the surface with the solutions. The cleaning solutions may be effectively employed at temperatures as low as about 100.degree. F. and thus may be characterized as low temperature cleaners. The cleaning solutions comprise an alkaline component in an amount effective to substantially remove said contaminants from the tin surface and an inhibitor in an amount effective to inhibit or deter etching of the tin surface. The inhibitor is a compound selected from the group consisting of substituted benzenes having at least two or more hydroxy substituents, quinones and substituted quinones.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions and low temperature processes for treating clean steel and galvanized steel to provide a coating suitable for the application of paint thereto. The aqueous treating compositions contain:______________________________________ Ingredient Quantity ______________________________________ zinc ion from about 0.9 to about 2.5 g/l; nickel ion from about 0.6 to about 2.0 g/l; orthophosphoric acid from about 15 to about 45 g/l; nitrate ion from about 1.0 to about 10.0 g/l. ______________________________________The pH of the composition is adjusted to 3.0-3.5 by addition of alkali metal hydroxide. The above composition is used on clean galvanized steel. For clean ungalvanized steel, from about 0.10 to about 0.65 g/l of nitrite ion is included in the composition. Optional ingredients in the above compositions include chlorate ion, ferric ion, and a fluoride compound.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous no-rinse solution for coating metallic surfaces to make them corrosion resistant containing hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, phosphoric acid, and a poly(alkyleneoxy) polymer. Said solution is stable at both high and low temperatures.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for cleaning aluminum surfaces wherein the cleaning compositions contain sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and at least one surfactant.

Abstract: A process for phosphating a metal surface to be electrocoated, which comprises treating the metal surface with an acidic phosphating solution comprising a zinc compound in a concentration of 0.5 to 1.5 g/l as zinc ion, a phosphate in a concentration of 5 to 30 g/l as phosphate ion and a nitrite in a concentration of 0.01 to 0.2 g/l as nitrite ion and/or an aromatic nitro compound in a concentration of 0.05 to 2 g/l in water at a temperature of 40 to 70.degree. C. first by dipping for not less than 15 seconds and then by spraying for not less than 2 seconds.

Abstract: An autodepositing coating composition of the ferric iron-containing type wherein ferrous iron tends to build up in concentration in the composition and affect adversely the coating capabilities of the composition as it is used continuously to autodeposit coatings on iron-containing surfaces, the improvement comprising adding to said composition, in an amount effective to decrease the amount of ferrous iron which tends to adversely affect the coating capabilities of the composition, a carboxylic acid which is effective in forming a complex with said ferrous iron.

Abstract: In a process wherein a resinous coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of resin, wherein said composition forms on said surface a resinous coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the resinous coating is contacted with an aqueous solution containing Cr in order to improve properties (e.g. corrosion resistance), the surface slip of the applied coating is increased by having dispersed in the Cr-containing solution a polymer which has a lower coefficient of friction than the applied resinous coating.