Abstract: Oil emulsion is removed from the surfaces of articles by washing the articles with an aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier, thereby forming a turbulent mixture of the wash water, the demulsifier and the oil emulsion. The demulsifier is effective in breaking the oil emulsion. The liberated oil is allowed to form a separate phase in the solution of wash water/demulsifier, and is removed therefrom in a quiescent stage. The aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier having the oil removed therefrom is recycled to wash oil emulsion from other of said articles. The preferred demulsifiers are ammonium and alkali metal sulfates and bisulfates.

Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of an aliphatic phosphonic acid, particularly 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, of the type wherein a diester of the aliphatic phosphonic acid, particularly bis-(2-chloroethyl)-2-chloroethylphosphonate, is reacted with anhydrous hydrogen halide, particularly hydrogen chloride, to produce a reaction product containing the aliphatic phosphonic acid, and the corresponding aliphatic halides particularly ethylene dichloride.

Abstract: A system for cleaning, rinsing, coating and drying cans having a circular side wall and a closed end wall at a high rate of speed as the cans emerge from the apparatus by which they are formed. The system basically comprises a washing stage, at least one rinsing stage and a drying stage, with one or more coating stages provided if desired. Each stage is housed in its respective housing and having a can entrance location and a can exit location, with the exit location of one stage being connected to the entrance location of the next succeeding stage by conveyor means. The stages are of a generally similar construction and basically comprise a carrier assembly disposed within the housing for receipt of the formed cans. The carrier rotates about a main longitudinal axis for carrying the cans from the entrance location to the exit location through a circular orbit and in planetary motion, wherein the cans are rotated about their own longitudinal axis as they orbit about the main longitudinal axis of the housing.

Abstract: A metallic surface is coated with a polymeric resinous coating by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition comprising polymeric resinous coating-forming material and an oxidizing agent. The corrosion resistance and/or the surface appearance of the resinous coating is modified by rinsing the coating with an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium or an aqueous rinse solution containing hexavalent chromium and reduced forms of chromium.

Abstract: A method of protecting plant life from injury due to frost or sub-freezing temperatures which comprises applying to the plant an effective, but non-phytotoxic amount, having regard to the plant being treated of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower-alkyl;R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of:A. lower-alkyl, andB. 2-hydroxy alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms; andA is selected from the group consisting of:A. alkyl of 3 to 13 carbon atoms,B. 2-hydroxy-lower alkyl,C. lower alkenyl,D. substituted phenyl, substituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of:I. p-nitro,Ii. halo, andIii. lower alkoxy, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of:I. hydrogen,Ii. alkyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms,Iii. substituted phenyl,Iv. benzyl,V. lower-alkoxy carbonyl, andVi. 2-hydroxy-lower alkyl; and ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 is lower alkyl;R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of:I. alkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms,Ii.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating composition containing an organic coating-forming material forms on a metallic surface immersed therein a coating, the weight or thickness of which is related to the time the surface is immersed in the composition. The coating composition, which tends to become unstable as a result of the build up of metal ions in the composition, is stabilized by removing the metal ions with an ion exchange material. Also, in maintaining stability, anionic and/or nonionic surfactants or dispersing agents, which are present in the composition to disperse the organic-coating forming material, are added to the composition in an amount in excess of that which is added to replenish the organic coating-forming material as it is consumed during use. Also, coating compositions treated with the ion exchange material tend to produce coatings which have a textured or grainy appearance.

Abstract: A method for producing a growth regulating effect in a plant which comprises applying to the plant an effective amount, with respect to the plant being treated, of cinchoninic acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Acid cleaning of aluminum surfaces is accomplished employing a composition comprising Hydrofluoric acid and Sulfuric acid. More specifically, this invention relates to a composition and method for treating aluminum containers at low temperatures.

Abstract: A process for removing paint from rubber surfaces employing an acidic stripping solution comprising sulfuric acid and preferably one or more anionic wetting agents.

Abstract: A Mannich base and thiourea inhibitor composition and method of inhibiting the acid attack by aqueous hydrofluoric acid on ferrous metal surfaces, and in particular, highly reactive ferrous metal surfaces.

Abstract: The novel 4-tert-butyl-N-sec-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline and its optically active enantiomorphs are useful as herbicides, piscicides, for aquatic weed control and for dodder control.

Abstract: A method of forming a hydrophilic coating on an aluminum surface comprises the steps of:A. etching the aluminum surface;B. treating the etched aluminum surface with an acidic first aqueous solution comprising from about 0.5 to about 3 g/l of active fluoride, from about 2.5 to about 60 g/l of chromate ion (calculated as CrO.sub.3) and from about 2 to about 300 g/l of phosphate ion, so as to form a coating having a weight of at least 150 mg/sq. ft.;C. treating the aluminum surface with an alkaline second solution containing an alkali metal silicate; andD. baking the treated aluminum surface.

Abstract: A composition and method for treating tin-plated ferrous metal surfaces to remove oils and other contaminants in the form of soil thereon, without etching the surface. Particularly, this invention relates to a composition and method for cleaning drawn and ironed tin-plated ferrous metal containers.

Abstract: A heat transfer composition, consisting essentially of an epoxy resin, a high temperature curing agent therefor, nitrile rubber, polybutene, particulate heat transfer coefficient-increasing filler and a cold flow control agent such as asbestos.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dispensing seed or other particulate matter in the air to apply the particulate matter generally evenly over a target area on the ground. The seeds are entrained in a viscous, elastic carrier fluid, which facilitates the movement thereof through hydraulic equipment and holds the seeds together in the air to preclude segregation or drifting as the particles drop to the target area. The seed and carrier fluid mixture is either premixed and stored in storage chamber in the apparatus or is mixed immediately prior to being dispensed in the air.One embodiment of the apparatus is utilized to broadcast seed over a relatively wide area and comprises a rotating spray head for dispensing the seed and carrier fluid mixture into the air.Another embodiment of the apparatus is used to apply rows of crop seed and comprises a dispensing head for providing a narrow stream of the seed and carrier fluid mixture into the air.

Abstract: A process to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and total solids content of waste water from a fiberglass manufacturing process comprises acidifying the waste water to a pH of from about 2.5 to about 5.5 by the addition of a non-toxic inorganic acid; neutralizing the acidified water to a pH of from about 7 to about 9 by the addition of a non-toxic inorganic base; adding a flocculating agent to the treated water; and separating the suspended solid material from the treated water.

Abstract: A metal surface upon which a conversion coating has already been formed, is treated by contacting the surface with an aqueous solution consisting of a soluble zirconium containing compound, thereby improving the qualities of the conversion coating.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating solution for forming on an aluminum surface a coating which is corrosion resistant and to which overlying coatings adhere excellently is disclosed. The coating solution contains compounds of zirconium and fluorine. The use of boric acid in the solution is disclosed also. The coating solution is capable of forming on an aluminum surface a uniformly colorless and clear coating so that the coated surface has the appearance of the underlying metal surface, that is, the coating can be formed without changing the appearance of the metal surface. When coating a shiny bright aluminum surface, there can be produced a coated surface having a uniformly shiny bright appearance which is maintained even after the coated surface is subjected to boiling water.

Abstract: Uses of Limonene Derivatives involving chemical compositions of the quaternary ammonium type as derived from limonene, possess plant growth regulant, nematocidal and fungicidal properties. They are suitable for use at concentrations varying from as little as several parts per million parts of carrier, to as much as several thousand parts per million parts of carrier. Compositions useful in the present invention are exemplified by benzyl dimethyl (1-hydroxy-p-menth-8-en-2-yl) ammonium chloride, but many other compounds of somewhat different character are contemplated.

Abstract: Acidic aqueous coating compositions containing an organic coating-forming material form coatings on metallic surfaces which are immersed therein. The thickness or weight of the coating formed by the coating composition is a function of the time the metallic surface is immersed in the composition. The resulting coatings have adhesion properties thereby providing an adherent base to which other coatings, for example, paint primers and/or final finish paints can be applied.