Abstract: The laser module couples its semiconductor laser to an optical device, e.g. an optical fiber, particularly a monomode fiber. The laser module includes a micromechanically structured silicon substrate (31) provided with an elongated groove (30) having a longitudinal axis by an anisotropic etching technique; a semiconductor laser (110) mounted on the silicon substrate (31) to emit light parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongated groove; an optical coupling device including an isolator (10) positioned on the silicon substrate (31) so that light from the semiconductor laser (110) passes therethrough and a sealed housing (50) inside of which the silicon subtrate (31), the semiconductor laser (110) and the isolator are contained.

Abstract: A device for digital demodulation of the video and audio elements of a television signal has a digital preprocessing stage for conditioning a complex digital signal for digital demodulation of a television signal at intermediate frequency, mixing devices for video and audio elements of the complex digital signal shifting the video sub-carrier and the audio sub-carrier, which is offset by the video sub-carrier frequency, to the frequency 0, digital audio-FM demodulators and parallel paths of mixing devices for the demodulation of the audio signals, so that fully digital signal processing of television signals from the intermediate frequency, with limited filter complexity can be performed.

Abstract: A distribution system, useful with radio and television distribution, for distributing a signal having a plurality of channels includes a central station. The central station produces a first frequency division multiplexed signal in which signals from a plurality of channels or channel groups are frequency-converted and combined, and introduces the first frequency division multiplexed signal into transmission media of the distribution system. The first frequency division multiplexed signal may include occupied channels, freely selectable occupied channels, and free channels. A plurality of further stations receive the first frequency division multiplexed signal from the central station and process it with signals of a plurality of further channels to produce a second frequency division multiplexed signal. The signals of the plurality of further channels may be put in free channels, or used to replace signals in freely selectable occupied channels of the first frequency division multiplexed signal.

Abstract: A power supply for supplying the heating coils of a tube (WR), in particular a traveling-wave tube, wherein a transformer (Tr) and an inverter (S1, S2) are provided in the heating circuit of the tube (WR), and the frequency of the AC current is reduced from a high initial value to a lower value during the heat-up time of the tube (WR) in such a way that the change of the inductive voltage drop caused by this frequency change limits the heating current at the leakage inductance (LS) of the transformer (Tr).

Abstract: A drop-and-add multiplexer for receiving an incoming FDM signal with a plurality of channels, for receiving signals of additional channels, and for outputting an outgoing FDM signal. The multiplexer includes at least one single channel filter for receiving an incoming FDM signal, filtering the incoming FDM signal by blocking a selected channel frequency, and outputting a filtered FDM signal. At least one interpolating digital frequency converter receives another channel signal which is not in the incoming FDM signal, converts the other channel signal into a channel frequency which has been blocked by the at least one single channel filter or was an empty channel frequency in the incoming FDM signal, and outputs a converted other channel signal.

Abstract: A switching regulator having a series resonance push-pull converter (GW) and two clocked boost regulators (AR1, AR2) connected in series with the converter, wherein: the converter comprises a transformer (Tr) having two primary windings (w1, w2) which are galvanically isolated from one another, and two push-pull switches (S1, S2) each connected in series with a respective one of the primary windings; each of the boost regulators comprises a series inductance (L1, L2) and an output capacitor (C1, C2); and the boost regulators are connected to the converter to form two push-pull branches, each of the push-pull branches being composed of the series inductance of one of the boost regulators connected in series with a respective one of the primary windings and a respective one of the push-pull switches, and the output capacitor of each of the boost regulators constituting a resonance capacitor of the converter.

Abstract: A waveguide assembly includes a waveguide having walls defining a cavity; and a frame surrounding the walls of the waveguide. The frame has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the waveguide. First and second connecting spacers are attached to and project away from oppositely located wall portions of the waveguide and are attached to the frame such that forces derived from a difference between a heat expansion of the frame and a heat expansion of the waveguide are transmitted by the first and second connecting spacers to the waveguide walls for deforming the same.

Abstract: An arrangement for determining the amplitudes of spectral lines contained in the phase-modulated output signal of an optical ring interferometer which are suited to determine the angular velocity with which the ring interferometer is rotated, for which a digital evaluation circuit is utilized. Two light waves moving in opposite directions in a fiber optical wave guide are analyzed upon exiting the wave guide. The light waves exiting at one end of the fiber optic wave guide are phase-modulated in order to obtain an output signal of the fiber ring interferometer suitable for determining the Sagnac phase.

Abstract: A stuffing process and device for reducing waiting time jitter by: determining the mean loading of an elastic memory as precisely as possible; determining a loading error constituted by a difference between an actual value and a set value of the mean loading; producing a sum of successive loading errors; and determining the manner in which stuffing is to take place in order to keep the error sum as constant as possible.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for imaging a useful digital signal from a frame of a first digital signal having a first bit rate into a frame of a second digital signal having a second bit rate, where the useful digital signal had been written into a first elastic memory and then read out of the first elastic memory in the frame of the first digital signal using a pulse stuffing technique, and with the frame of the first digital signal containing data representing the average fill level of the first elastic memory. The arrangement includes a second elastic memory, a frame detector for detecting the frame of the first signal and controlling activation of write-in of the useful digital signal from the frame of the first digital signal to the second elastic memory, and a frame generator which generates the frame of the second digital signal and controls activation of stuffing and of read-out of the useful digital signal from the second elastic memory into the frame of the second digital signal.

Abstract: A device for insulating a body on magnetic bearings from vibration of its stator and hence the environment and vice versa. The body may include a rotor which can produce undesirable vibrations during rotation. The position of the body is caused to follow slow movements of the stator, but does not follow higher frequency interference. However, intentional fast position regulating procedures are possible. The device includes a double integrator which generates a largely interference-free position sensor signal for low vibration bearing adjustment which is followed slowly by a true position sensor signal. The device can be used in a flywheel for satellite stabilization where it facilitates adjustment of the angular position while at the same time providing insulation against vibration.

Abstract: A method of generating a composite signal in the form of a QPSK signal on which an additional carrier signal is superposed, wherein a carrier signal is conducted through two series connected, switchable phase shifters. One of the phase shifters is controlled by one of two data signals. Both data signals are logically linked with one another by a logic circuit, and the resulting linkage signal used to control the other phase shifter. The phase states into which each phase shifter can be switched are selected and the linkage signal formed from the data signals such that, with the available values of the data signals, the carrier signal passing through the phase shifters is brought into the phase positions that should exist with the additional carrier signal superposed.

Abstract: Method for acquiring network knowledge in the individual operating locations of a digital transmission network having a plurality of network nodes.Following a computer outage, digital signal connections set up via central computers can no longer be reconstructed within the individual network nodes, so that no emergency operation is possible.The method is intended to place every participating network node into the position of maintaining the original or momentary path of the digital signal connection given computer outage or to restore it or, respectively, to independently set up or alternately route a connection.At the start of the digital signal connection, the digital signal is provided with an identifier in every transmission direction in the transmitting network node, this identifier being supplemented in every following, through-connecting and terminating network node. This identifier can be evaluated in each of these network nodes.

Abstract: A method of recovering an original digital signal, after pulse stuffing, with reduced waiting time jitter. The original digital signal is written into a first elastic memory in a synchronizer. A pulse stuffed output of the synchronizer is transmitted to a desynchronizer where bits of the original signal are written into second elastic memory. Average values of fill levels of elastic memories in a synchronizer and in a desynchronizer are determined. The average value determined in the synchronizer is transmitted to the desynchronizer where a comparison of the respective average values is made in a comparator. A clock signal generating circuit in a phase locked loop is controlled by an output signal of the comparator so as to generate a clock signal. The signal bits written into the second elastic memory are read out of the second elastic memory at the rate of the generated clock signal.

Abstract: A switching regulator employing pulse width control or pulse frequency control of an actuator includes a current limiting device which receives a signal that is a function of current through the actuator and a signal that is a function of turn-on pulses for the actuator. The actuator is blocked by the current limiting device if the signal that is a function of the turn-on pulses for the actuator becomes smaller than the signal that is a function of the current through the actuator.

Abstract: A method and circuit arrangement for determining angular velocities by means of an optical fiber ring interferometer includes, in addition to, a phase modulator for modulating light waves passing through an optical fiber ring of the interferometer at a phase modulation frequency f, and a device for combining light waves leaving the optical fiber ring to produce an output signal, a unit for generating a sampling frequency f.sub.A according to the following equations: ##EQU1## wherein the factors m and l are integers and f.sub..DELTA. is a whole number component i.e., subharmonic, of the phase modulation frequency. The output signal of the interferometer is sampled at the frequency f.sub.A during conversion via an analog/digital converter into a digital signal. The digitilized signal is evaluated to determine the angular velocity.

Abstract: For the transmission of data in the form of difference signals between subscribers connected to a bus, bus couplers are provided which permit switching between transmit and receive operation. The bus couplers each include a multiplexer connected in such a manner that, for receive operation, only push-pull states of the difference signal are evaluated. If common-mode states occur, the immediately previously decoded data are used. In the case of interference, e.g. one subscriber experiences a short circuit, his bus is terminated passively so that the bus traffic for the other subscribers is not adversely affected.

Abstract: A non-recursive half-band filter having a filter length N and complex coefficients for receiving either a real input signal s(kT) or a complex input signal s(2kT) and for processing and converting the received input signals into either a complex output signal s(2kT) or a real output signal s(kT) wherein the complex coefficients operate at a function of h(l) where l=-(N-1)/2 to (N-1)/2 to (N-1)/2 and the filter length N is odd. As a result it is possible to convert a real input signal into a complex output signal, by modulating its pulse response to a complex carrier of the frequency equal to 1/4 or 3/4 of the sampling frequency, where the null phase of this frequency is an integer multiple of .pi./2. It is also possible to convert a complex input signal into a real output signal, by modulating its pulse frequency to the complex carrier of a frequency signal to the input sampling frequency or half thereof, where the null phase of this frequency is an integer multiple of .pi./2.

Abstract: A method of synchronizing clock pulses of a clock pulse generator used in a receiver of digital data transmissions. The received signal is demodulated by multiplying it in quadrature by an output signal of a carrier oscillator to obtain demodulated in-phase and quadrature components. The demodulated components are lowpass filtered to suppress harmonics of the carrier frequency and then bandpass filtered into two complex signals. The two complex signals are then linked together with a first linkage circuit to form a first control signal u.sub.TI. The two complex signals are also linked together with a second linkage circuit to form a second control u.sub.TR, wherein the two control signals can be interpretated as the real and imaginary components of a complex control signal u.sub.T =u.sub.TR +ju.sub.TI. The two components are separately averaged and then evaluated to form an actuation signal having an actuation value .delta.

Abstract: A high power, high frequency, Y-junction three port circulator containing at least one metal plate in the Y-junction covered with ferromagnetic material and an external magnet producing a magnetic field through the ferromagnetic material so that it is magnetized to saturation magnetization when the temperature of the material is within a predetermined temperature range; and a method and means of maintaining the temperature of the ferrite material within said predetermined range even while the circulator operates in a variable ambient environment at high power, including means connected to the metal plate for heating and cooling the plate, thereby controlling the temperature of the ferromagnetic material to maintain the temperature thereof within said predetermined temperature range.