Abstract: An all optics type semiconductor image storage apparatus includes a superlative semiconductor device. The superlattice semiconductor device includes a superlattice layer which is formed by alternately laminating a barrier layer and a quantum well layer. The superlattice layer is interposed between two carrier confinement layers, one of which is formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate. The superlattice semiconductor device has an effect of modulating a light absorbance in the vicinity of an absorption edge by canceling an internal electric field generated by a piezoelectric effect. This piezoelectric effect is due to a distortion occurring when the superlattice layer is formed. An image is stored so that, light incident into the superlattice semiconductor device at a first stable point is substantially transmitted, while light incident into the device at a second stable point is prevented from being substantially transmitted.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device provided with a semiconductor substrate having two surfaces opposing to each other and having a circuit including a transistor having a plurality of electrodes, the circuit is formed on at least one of the two surfaces. Insulating films are formed on the two surfaces of the semiconductor substrate, respectively, and connecting electrodes are formed on a surface of the insulating film and electrically connected to the circuit. Further, a surface grounding conductor is formed on a surface of each of the insulating films so as to cover the surface of each of the insulating films except for portions where the connecting electrodes are formed. Accordingly, any possible interference of the circuit formed on the semiconductor device with the external circuit can be prevented.

Abstract: A satellite communication system has a double-layered earth orbit satellite constellation with a lower first orbit altitude and a higher second orbit altitude. In the satellite communication system, first and second communication satellites are deployed in respective earth orbits located at the first and second orbit altitudes to each have first and second satellite communication stations, respectively. Small terminals and large terminals are further provided as earth stations on the earth.

Abstract: In an apparatus for adaptively controlling an array antenna of M antenna elements, a multi-beam forming circuit calculates N beam field strengths in a known manner, and a beam selecting circuit selectively outputs beam field strengths not smaller than a predetermined threshold value by comparing the N beam field strengths with the threshold value. At least two adaptive control processors calculate N weight coefficients corresponding to N beams according to a constant modulus algorithm, respectively multiplies the calculated beam field strengths by the calculated N weight coefficients, and combines in phase respective signals of multiplication results, outputting the combined signal as a reception signal. In an initial state of one adaptive control processor, a weight coefficient thereof corresponding to the maximum beam field strength is set to a predetermined initial value not zero, and weight coefficients corresponding to the other beam field strengths are set to zero.

Abstract: In a quarter-wavelength coupled line type directional coupler including a first dielectric layer having first and second surfaces parallel to each other, a ground plane conductor is formed on the first surface of the first dielectric layer, and two coupled microstrip conductors each having a quarter wavelength are formed on the second surface of the first dielectric layer, arranging close to each other so as to be electromagnetically coupled with each other. Further, a second dielectric layer is formed on the second surface of the first dielectric layer, on which the coupled microstrip conductors are formed, and a floating potential conductor is formed on the second dielectric layer, arranging close to the microstrip conductors so as to be electromagnetically coupled with the coupled microstrip conductors. Then a cut portion is formed in the ground plane conductor so that the ground plane conductor is separated apart from the coupled microstrip conductors by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method for controlling an array antenna including a predetermined plurality of M antenna elements arranged in a predetermined arrangement configuration, beam electric field strengths of a plurality of N beams of transmitting signals are calculated, and then signals representing the calculated beam electric field strengths equal to or larger than a threshold value are outputted. Thereafter, based on the outputted signals, there are calculated a plurality of N weight coefficients for the receiving signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of N beams of transmitting signals, such that a main beam of the array antenna is directed toward an incoming direction of a desired radio wave and also a level of the receiving signal in an incoming direction of an unnecessary radio wave are made zero.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi terminal directional coupler combined by a plurality of directional couplers. Two directional coupling conductors form each of the directional couplers and are provided on both side faces of a ground conductor through dielectric substrates so as to oppose each other. Openings are defined on the ground conductor corresponding to the coupling conductors so that the coupling conductors are electrically coupled through the openings. Therefore, interference between transmission lines situated on both sides of the ground conductor can be prevented and the multi terminal directional coupler can be made small in size and weight.