Abstract: A water treatment system including a tank for containing a solid treatment product such as a solid halogen. The water treatment system is adapted to be used in combination with a cooling system wherein treated water is fed to the cooling system through an outlet conduit leading from the tank. Drainage of water from the tank is facilitated by use of an eductor connected to an inlet conduit for the tank whereby water is drained from the tank to the inlet conduit and back to the outlet conduit, and is thereafter conveyed back to the cooling system. Thus, a closed system is formed by the treatment system in combination with an associated cooling system wherein the closed system is substantially environmentally safe in that drainage of the tank outside of the closed system is avoided.

Abstract: A contaminant precipitating composition and method are disclosed. The composition comprises a water soluble branched polymeric composition effective for the purpose of precipitating contaminants from an aqueous solution. The method comprises adding an amount of the composition, effective for the purpose, to the aqueous solution so as to complex, precipitate and remove contaminants from the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A process control system uses a performance model, in conjunction with an economic model, to meet either performance or economic objectives. The system operates either automatically, on-line, in "real time" or manually off-line, in "real time" to optimize the process to meet a selected objective. The performance model uses neural networks to determine the interrelationships of each of a set of independent variables (controllable inputs to the process) to each other and their relationship to a set of dependent variables (outputs of the process). The performance model is used to optimize the process to meet performance objectives. The economic model is used in conjunction with the performance model to meet economic objectives.

Abstract: A method and composition for controlling the formation and deposition of scale imparting compounds in an aqueous system is disclosed. A treatment comprising a sulfonated polymer and a polymaleic acid is effective in controlling the formation and deposition of such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of detoxifying water containing quaternary ammonium compounds to the extent that aquatic life such as fish and macroinvertebrates are protected. The method comprises adding to an aqueous system including a quaternary ammonium compound a sufficient quantity of a de-oiled lecithin. De-oiled lecithin is a mixture of phosphatides with about 2% or less residual oil.

Abstract: A heavy metal and fluoride free pretreatment for a metal surface which enhances corrosion resistance and surface adhesion properties is described. The pretreatment is an aqueous solution of an anionic polyacrylamide which can be rinsed or dried in place.

Abstract: A method of preparing poly(isopropenylphosphonic acid) is disclosed, which provides a high yield with low initiator charge. The method comprises preparing poly(isopropenylphosphonic acid) by polymerizing a mixture of isopropenylphosphonic acid and isopropenylphosphonic acid anhydride, preferably in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for pretreating a metal surface are provided. The methods comprise applying to the metal surface a hydrolysate of a copolymer of an unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof and a vinyltrialkoxysilane compound. Novel zinc salt hydrolysate compositions and zirconium salt hydrolysate compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of controlling scale formation and deposition and corrosion in aqueous systems is described wherein a treatment solution of a substoichiometric amount of a scale/corrosion inhibitor in combination with a substituted alkylpolycarboxylate is employed. The scale/corrosion inhibitor can be a phosphonate such as hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acids, amino phosphonates; terpolymers, copolymers and homopolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, epoxysuccinic acids such as polyepoxysuccinic acid or mixtures thereof. The substituted alkylpolycarboxylates are compounds of the general structure: R--X--Y.sub.n wherein R is a hydrocarbon functionality having 4 to 18 carbons; X, when present, is --NH--, --NY.sup.1 --, --N-->O, --N--OC--Y.sup.1, --O-- or --S--; n is greater than or equal to 1; and Y and Y.sup.

Abstract: An emulsion cleaner formulation is provided which is free of toxic or hazardous materials listed under SARA 313. The emulsion cleaner formulation employs a blend of triethanolamine soap of tall oil fatty acid, polyethylene glycol (400) dioleate and polyethylene glycol (400) monooleate as a stabilizing agent. The emulsion cleaner may also include a nonionic surfactant. The emulsion cleaner also includes both oil soluble and water soluble rust inhibitors.

Abstract: A treatment for stabilizing an isothiazolone compound comprising adding to the compound a stabilizing amount of a metal salt, wherein the cation of the metal salt is an alkali metal, and the anion is selected from the group consisting of acetate, citrate, phosphate and borate.

Abstract: Agglomerating agent and method for use in heap leaching of mineral bearing ores. Cationic polymers alone or in combination with cement or lime are highly effective agglomerating agents in acidic or alkaline leaching operations. The cationic polymers are preferably graft copolymers, block copolymers or linear copolymers of acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting corrosion of iron and iron-containing metals in contact with aqueous systems containing sulfide compounds. The composition comprises (A) an aqueous solution of an alcohol, an acid, a fatty imidazoline, and an ethoxylated fatty diamine, and (B) an aqueous solution of a molybdate compound or salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting the microbial adhesion on surfaces in contact with an aqueous system is disclosed, which comprises adding to the system a treatment comprising an alkylsulfosuccinate surfactant.

Abstract: A water soluble isopropenylphosphonic acid copolymer composition and method of use thereof are disclosed. The copolymer comprises repeat units (a) of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X=OH or OM, wherein M is a cation, and repeat units (b) of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 linear or branched alkyl, phenyl or alkyl substituted phenyl. The copolymers are effective in inhibiting the precipitation of scale forming salts and also act to inhibit corrosion in boiler water systems.

Abstract: An oxygen scavenger for aqueous mediums is disclosed. The oxygen scavengers comprise cyclohexanediones which, when added to basic aqueous solutions, effectively scavenge oxygen from the aqueous solutions. The oxygen scavenger has particular utility as an oxygen scavenger from water in heating systems such as boilers and heat exchangers.

Abstract: Methods for inhibiting the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers in oxygen-free processing systems are disclosed. The methods comprise adding from 1 to 10,000 parts of a combination of a hydroxylamine compound and a phenylenediamine compound to the vinyl aromatic monomer.

Abstract: A method of providing color to a polyacrylamide based, dried-in-place, non-chromate conversion coating is provided. The addition of a phthalo green pigment and optionally a nonionic surfactant to an aqueous, dried-in-place conversion coating treatment solution provides for a colored conversion coating without adversely affecting the corrosion resistance or adhesion properties of the conversion coating.

Abstract: A biocidal composition and method for inhibiting and controlling the growth of microorganisms are disclosed. The composition comprises an amount, effective for the intended purpose, of polyethylene glycols and bis(trichloro methyl) sulfone, in combination with additional biocidal components, the composition in a gel form. The method comprises administering an amount of the gelled composition to the particular water containing system for which treatment is desired.

Abstract: A contaminant precipitating composition and method are disclosed. The composition comprises a water soluble, branched, polydithiocarbamic acid salt effective for the purpose of precipitating contaminants from an aqueous solution. The method comprises adding an amount of the composition effective for the purpose to the aqueous solution so as to complex, precipitate and remove contaminants from the aqueous solution.