Abstract: There is provided a substrate material for an optical component for X-rays of wavelength &lgr;R. The substrate includes (a) a glass phase made of amorphous material having a positive coefficient of thermal expansion, and (b) a crystal phase including microcrystallites having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion and a mean size of less than about 4 &lgr;R. The substrate material has a stoichiometric ratio of the crystal phase to the glass phase such that a coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate material is less than about 5×10−6 K−1 in a temperature range of about 20° C. to 100° C. The substrate material, following a surface treatment, has a high spatial frequency roughness (HSFR) of less than about &lgr;R/30 rms.

Abstract: An optical projection lens system for microlithography comprising in the direction of propagating radiation: a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power and comprising a waist (constriction) with a minimum diameter of the propagating radiation, and a further lens arrangement with positive refractive power, which follows the second lens group, wherein at least one lens of the projection lens system which is arranged in front of the waist comprises an aspherical surface.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic apparatus having a function unit (1) and a position detecting device (5). A further detecting device (7) is mounted so as to be fixed in position and orientation and is separated from the position detecting device (5) by a signal path. The position detecting device (5) operates together with the additional detecting device (7). The position detecting device (5) can be changed during operation with respect to position and orientation relative to the function unit (1).

Abstract: A Littrow grating (1) comprises a multiplicity of parallel diffraction structures (3) succeeding one another periodically. The latter are arranged on a support (2) defining a base area (4). A diffraction structure (3) comprises a blaze flank (5) inclined towards the base area (4) substantially at the Littrow angle (&dgr;). In addition the diffraction structure (3) comprises a counter-flank (6) which forms with the blaze flank (5) at the apex of a diffraction structure (3) an apex angle (&agr;) which is less than 90°. The counter-flank (6) comprises at least two substantially plane area sections (7, 8). The latter extend, bordering one another and inclined relative to one another through an angle of inclination (&bgr;), parallel with the extension direction of the diffraction structure (3). Due to the inclination of the at least two area sections (7, 8) relative to one another, the counter-flank (6) exhibits all in all a concave surface viewed from the light incidence side.

Abstract: An examination system and a corresponding examination method, comprise: Arranging a tissue region in a vicinity of an object plane of a microscope and generating an optical image of the tissue region, receiving tissue data from a measuring head separate from the microscope, discriminating the tissue data into at least two data categories and displaying markings in the optical image of the tissue region in dependence of the discriminated data category and a relative position between a component of the microscope and the measuring head.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tube for an optical instrument, such as a microscope, having several rotary joints (19, 20, 21) connected serially one behind the other. Each of the rotary joints (19, 20, 21) includes a brake (32, 33, 38) via which the rotary joints are secured against an unintended rotation. The brakes of the rotary joints (19, 20, 21), which are connected serially one behind the other, are simultaneously releasable by actuation of the single operator lever (39). For this purpose, a system of pins (42) and tilt levers (43) is mounted in the tube via which the actuation of the operator element (39) is transmitted to the brakes (32, 33, 38) connected serially one behind the other.

Abstract: An optical arrangement, in particular a microlithographic projection printing installation, has in particular a slot-shaped image field or rotationally non-symmetrical illumination. An optical element (5) is therefore acted upon in a rotationally non-symmetrical manner by the radiation of a light source. To temper the optical element (5), a supply apparatus (11, 19 to 23) for gas is used. The latter having at least one supply line (21) and at least one gas directing device (11). The latter is aligned relative to the optical element (5) and controllable in such a way that the gas is directed by the gas directing device (11) towards the optical element (5). The volumetric flow of the exiting gas therefore has a magnitude and spatial distribution (17), which are adapted to the intensity distribution (6) of the radiation. By virtue of such tempering, rotationally non-symmetrical light-induced image defects in the optical element (5) are avoided or compensated.

Abstract: An inspection system and an inspection method are provided for visualizing a fluorescent marker and a tissue region surrounding the fluorescent marker, the method comprising:

Abstract: In a temperature compensation apparatus for thermally loaded bodies made from materials of low specific thermal conductivity, a heat-distributing device having one or more heat-distributing bodies is adapted to surfaces of the thermally loaded body such that there remains between the thermally loaded body and the heat-distributing bodies a gap which is filled with a fluid for the purpose of the thermal coupling of thermally loaded bodies and heat-distributing bodies in conjunction with mechanical decoupling.

Abstract: There is provided an illumination system for light having wavelengths ≦193 nm. The system includes (a) a first raster element for receiving a first diverging portion of the light and directing a first beam of the light, (b) a second raster element for receiving a second diverging portion of the light and directing a second beam of the light, where the first raster element is oriented at an angle with respect to the second raster element to cause a center ray of the first beam to intersect with a center ray of the second beam at an image plane, and (c) an optical element for imaging secondary sources of the light in an exit pupil, where the optical element is situated in a path of the light after the first and second raster elements and before the image plane.

Abstract: An OCT-supported surgical system includes an OCT module that includes a surface scanner, the position of which can be sensed by a position sensing unit, and an evaluation and display unit, which is connected to the OCT module and to the position sensing unit in order to be able to correlate a tissue-differentiated tomogram of a specimen sensed by the OCT module with preoperatively produced specimen data.

Abstract: A microscopy system and a microscopy method are provided for observing a fluorescent substance accumulated in a tissue. The microscopy system comprises a filter allowing to observe the tissue at a same time both with visible light and with fluorescent light. It is possible to observe a series of previously recorded fluorescent light images in superposition with the visible light images. An end of the series of images may be automatically determined. A thermal protective filter may be inserted into a beam path of an illuminating system at such automatically determined end of the series. Further, the fluorescent light image may be analyzed for identifying a coherent fluorescent portion thereof. A representation of a periphery line of the coherent portion may be generated, and depths profile data may be obtained only from the coherent portion. An illuminating light beam for exciting the fluorescence may be modulated for improving a contrast of fluorescent images.

Abstract: An optical observation apparatus includes: an optical system which produces an image of an object being observed and a video device (7) for recording the image and producing an image signal. The video device (7) includes a first memory (71) for temporarily storing the image signal, a second memory (73) in data communication (77) with the first memory (71), and a control device (75) in communication (76A, 76B) with both memories (71, 73) for controlling the storage procedure in the first memory and data transfer from the first to the second memory. The control device (75) controls the storage procedure and the data transfer so that overwriting of such data already stored for a given period of time in the first memory (71) is effected and that transfer of the content of the first memory (71) to the second memory (73) takes place as a reaction to a trigger signal.

Abstract: A microscopy system allows to superimpose a light optically generated microscopic image of an object with an electronically generated image. The electronically generated image is composed of two input images, one of which is independent of optical settings of an ocular tube, such as a rotational position and a magnification thereof, and the other input image is dependent of the optical setting.

Abstract: A cataract surgery microscopy system is provided which comprises a microscopy optics for producing an image of an object plane of the microscopy optics and a pattern generator for generating a pattern superimposed on the image, said pattern generator being provided to generate a circular pattern having an adjustable diameter.

Abstract: A control unit for a machine tool or a coordinate measuring apparatus includes a control console having at least one operator-controlled element and a display screen. The operator-controlled element and the display screen are connected to a computer of the machine tool or the coordinate measuring apparatus. A converter expands or compresses a display screen signal outputted by the computer so that the entire content of the display screen on the control console is filled out with the display screen content of the computer independently of the image resolution of the display screen signal.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for fixing at least one location in an examination field (9) with respect to a coordinate system (13). The method includes determining, in response to a request (65), coordinates of a first location (59) as a first coordinate set (x, y, z) allocated to the first location (59). A first recording and a second recording of topological data (69) in a spatially extended area around the first location (59) in the examination field (9) are obtained. The first and second recordings are compared to determine a displacement (&Dgr;x, &Dgr;y, &Dgr;z) of the first location (59) of the examination field (9) with respect to the coordinate system (13), the coordinates of the first coordinate set (x, y, z) allocated to the first location (59) are changed dependent upon the determined displacement (&Dgr;x, &Dgr;y, &Dgr;z) such that the changed coordinates substantially correspond to the coordinates of the first location (59) in the examination field (9) after the displacement thereof.

Abstract: A surgical microscope arrangement comprises a stand unit with a surgical microscope having an ocular unit and a tubular unit. The surgical microscope is carried by a stand unit in holding the ocular unit while allowing for pivoting of the tubular unit. When the tubular unit is pivoted, the ocular unit remains stationary. This can be achieved by providing an interface unit in the surgical microscope connecting the tubular unit with the ocular unit. The interface is formed as a rotary joint and includes a first portion which is to be connected to the ocular unit and the stand while the second portion of the interface unit is connected to the tubular unit of the microscope. The second portion of the interface unit can be pivoted with respect to the first portion of the interface unit.

Abstract: A mouth switch arrangement is proposed which comprises a mouth switch (69, 71) for operation with the operators mouth and which by means of a holding device is attachable to a base part (111). The holding device comprises a mouth switch support (73) having a locking member (93) longitudinally shiftable along a rod (67) of the holding device and a pivot member (95) pivotable about the locking member (93).

Abstract: A microscopy system for imaging an object is proposed, comprising: microscopy optics including an objective system (3) with an object plane (13) whose working distance (A) from the objective system is adjustable, and a first projection system for projecting at least one shaped analysis light beam (33, 34) onto the object and for generating at least one light spot (39) on the same. The analysis light beam (33, 34) is shaped such that a shape of a cross-section of the analysis light beam (33, 34) changes in beam direction.