Abstract: A nonaqueous solution in contact with austenitic stainless steel, the nonaqueous solution containing a nonaqueous solvent and an imidic acid or imidic acid salt represented by a specific structure, in which a content of the nonaqueous solvent having a dielectric constant (at 25° C.) of 10 or less in the nonaqueous solvent is 50% by volume to 100% by volume.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a sodium ion battery or a potassium ion battery including (I) a nonaqueous organic solvent, (II) a solute of an ionic salt, and (III) at least one selected from the group including of an organochlorine compound, a phosphorus compound having a P—Cl bond, a sulfone compound having an S(?O)2—Cl bond, a sulfine compound having an S(?O)—Cl bond, and a silicon compound having a Si—Cl bond; a nonaqueous sodium ion battery and a nonaqueous potassium ion battery using the same; a method for producing the nonaqueous sodium ion battery; and a method for producing the nonaqueous potassium ion battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous sodium ion battery including (I) a fluorosulfate, (II) at least one selected from the group including compounds represented by specific Formulae (1) to (9), vinylene carbonate, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, and tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, (III) a sodium salt, and (IV) a nonaqueous solvent; a nonaqueous sodium ion battery including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous sodium ion battery; and a method for producing the nonaqueous sodium ion battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous sodium ion battery including (I) a nonaqueous solvent, (II) a sodium salt, and (III) a fluorosulfate, in which the electrolyte solution includes the (III) in an amount of 0.05 mass % to 10.00 mass % with respect to the total amount of the electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous sodium ion battery, and the electrolyte solution includes a chain carbonate in an amount of 0 mass % to 70 mass % with respect to the total amount of the (I); a nonaqueous sodium ion battery including at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous sodium ion battery; and a method for producing the nonaqueous sodium ion battery.

Abstract: An additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can exhibit high-temperature cycle properties at 50° C. or more and low-temperature output properties at ?20° C. or less in a well-balanced manner for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. The additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is represented by formula [1], wherein Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Mp+ and p are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery capable of exhibiting excellent high-temperature cycle characteristics and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics at high temperature of 60° C. or above, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery using the same. The electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery of the present invention comprises at least: a non-aqueous solvent; a solute; at least one first compound represented by the following general formula (1); and at least one second compound represented by the following general formula (2).

Abstract: A 4H-SiC single crystal having good morphology while preventing heterogeneous polymorphs from being mixed in regardless of the presence or absence of doping in growing a 4H-SiC single crystal by the TSSG method is obtained. When the off-angle on the grown crystal in a method for producing a SiC single crystal by a TSSG method is set to 60 to 68°, heterogeneous polymorphs are less likely to be mixed in during the growth of 4H-SiC single crystal, and if, during that period, a meltback method is used to smooth the surface of the seed crystal and then grow the crystal, it is possible to obtain a grown crystal having good morphology.

Abstract: An additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution that can suppress the initial gas generation amount when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution battery. The additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is represented by any one of formulae [1] to [4]: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X1, X2 and Y are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A rechargeable metal halide battery with an optimized active cathode electrolyte solution has high energy density and does not require charging following fabrication. The optimized active cathode electrolyte solution includes (i) a mixture of a metal halide and its corresponding halogen dissolved in an organic solvent at a concentration ratio greater than 0.5 and (ii) an oxidizing gas. The organic solvent is a nitrile-based compound and/or a heterocyclic compound. Glyme may be added to the organic solvent to improve battery performance.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a positive electrode including nickel, where the battery generates a small amount of gas during a durability test even if the cell potential reaches 4.1 V or more, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using the electrolyte. In the electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including a positive electrode including at least one selected from the group consisting of oxides containing nickel and phosphates containing nickel as a positive electrode active material, the electrolyte comprises (I) a non-aqueous organic solvent, (II) a fluorine-containing solute being an ionic salt, (III) at least one additive selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulae (1) and (2), and (IV) hydrogen fluoride in an amount of 5 mass ppm or more and less than 200 mass ppm based on the total amount of the components (I), (II), and (III).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump that can use, as a refrigerant, a substance with which a geometric isomer exists, and a method for designing the same. The present invention is a method for designing a heat pump (1) whose closed circuit configured by connecting a compressor (2), a condenser (3), an expansion valve (4), and an evaporator (5) in this order is filled with a refrigerant containing a refrigerant substance with which a geometric isomer may exist, the method including obtaining an upper limit of stable temperature at which isomerization of the refrigerant substance does not proceed, and setting an upper limit usage temperature of the heat pump (1) so as not to exceed the upper limit of the stable temperature.

Abstract: Provided are a nonaqueous electrolyte solution which makes it possible to further improve low temperature characteristics and high temperature storage characteristics; and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising such a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The present nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprises: (I) a first additive represented by the following formula [1], (II) at least one second additive selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following formulae [2] to [5], difluoro(oxalato)borate, bis(oxalato)borate, tetrafluoro(oxalato)phosphate, difluorobis(oxalato)phosphate, tris(oxalato)phosphate, difluorophosphate, and fluorosulfonate, (III) a nonaqueous organic solvent, and (IV) a solute.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte battery which has a low internal resistance after the initial charge and discharge, while having excellent low-temperature output characteristics after storage at high temperatures. The present invention contains a compound represented by general formula (1) as a component of a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. In the formula, X1 represents a carbon atom or a sulfur atom; each of Y1 and Y2 represents an oxygen atom or a methylene group that may be substituted by a halogen atom; r represents 1 or 2; and R1 represents a group represented by general formula (2) or a group represented by general formula (3), provided that (i) in cases where X1 is a sulfur atom and Y1 and Y2 are methylene groups and (ii) in cases where X1 is a carbon atom and Y1 and Y2 are oxygen atoms, R1 is a group represented by general formula (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides: a nonaqueous electrolyte solution which is used in a nonaqueous electrolyte battery having a low initial resistance value; and a compound which is contained in this nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to the present invention contains a compound represented by formula (1), a solute and a nonaqueous organic solvent. In general formula (1), each of R1 and R2 represents PO(Rf)2 or SO2Rf, and Rf represents, for example, a fluorine atom; each of R3 and R4 represents, for example, a lithium ion, or alternatively R3 and R4 may form a ring structure together with a nitrogen atom to which the moieties are bonded, and in this case, R3 and R4 form an alkylene group in combination with each other; an oxygen atom may be contained between carbon atom-carbon atom bonds in the alkylene group; a side chain thereof may have an alkyl group; and an arbitrary hydrogen atom in the alkyl group and the alkylene group may be substituted by a fluorine atom.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, which can provide, when used in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, in a good balance, an effect to suppress an increase in an internal resistance at a low temperature and an effect to suppress an increase in an amount of gas generated at a high temperature, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing such an % electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and at least a hexafluorophosphate and/or tetrafluoroborate as a solute, and further comprises at least one imide anion-containing salt represented by the following general formula [1] but does not contain a silane compound represented by the following general formula [2] or an ionic complex represented by, for example, the following general formula [3].

Abstract: Certain example embodiments relate to a vehicle windshield with a head-up display system, including first and second spaced-apart substrates sandwiching a polymer-inclusive interlayer therebetween, and an anti-reflective coating provided on an exterior surface of the first substrate or an interior surface of the second substrate in opposite to the polymer-inclusive interlayer. An image source directing light rays towards one of the substrates, has an light emission profile showing the strongest light strength at a first wavelength, whereas the anti-reflective coating has a broad reflectance spectrum, showing the lowest reflectance at a second wavelength, which substantially matches the first wavelength.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a phosphoryl imide salt represented by the following general formula (1) at a satisfactory yield by cation exchange. The method comprises the step of performing cation exchange by bringing a phosphoryl imide salt represented by the following general formula (2) into contact with a cation exchange resin having M1 n+ or a metal salt represented by the general formula (4) in an organic solvent having a water content of 0.3% by mass or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises a non-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolyte solution for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of an exerting high average discharge voltage and an excellent low-temperature output characteristic at ?30° C. or lower and an excellent cycle characteristic and an excellent storage characteristic at high temperatures of 50° C. or higher, as well as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing the same. The present electrolyte solution comprises anon-aqueous solvent, a solute, at least one silane compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a first compound, and a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (3), for example, as a second compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a nonaqueous electrolyte solution which is capable of improving the storage characteristics at high temperatures and the internal resistance characteristics after storage in a more balanced manner; and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is provided with this nonaqueous electrolyte solution. A nonaqueous electrolyte solution according to the present invention contains (I) an imide anion of general formula [1] or [2], (II) a sulfonic acid salt of general formula [3], (III) a nonaqueous organic solvent or an ionic liquid; and (IV) a solute.