Abstract: Gaseous hydrogen chloride is extracted from dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid using amines, by:(a) extracting the aqueous hydrochloric acid with an amine or with a mixture of an amine and an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C., tertiary alkylamines being used containing 14 to 36 carbon atoms in the nitrogen-bound side chains, the side chains having at most one nitrogen-bound methyl group and at least one nitrogen-bound aliphatic group containing at least 6 carbon atoms, where the amine acid constant is less than 10.sup.-3 ;(b) adding an inert, water-immiscible solvent having a boiling point of at least 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of araliphatic dihydroperoxides which comprises oxidizing a hydrocarbon of the formula: ##STR1## with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, (2) extracting the resulting dihydroperoxide with an alkali metal hydroxide solution of a concentration of 1-12% thereby producing an aqueous extract and an organic raffinate, (3) neutralizing any alkali metal hydroxide remaining in the organic raffinate with carbon dioxide, thereby producing alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate in the raffinate, (4) washing the alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate remaining in the raffinate with wash-water, (5) extracting from the wash-water used in step (4) any dissolved hydroperoxides remaining therein with a hydrocarbon solvent, and (6) optionally recycling the hydroperoxide-containing hydrocarbon solvent into the process. The resulting wash-water effluent is free of polluting and contaminating materials.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -n-hydrocarbons are oxidized to maleic anhydride by passing a stream of oxygen-containing gas at high temperature over a catalyst of the formulaW.sub.a Mo.sub.b Sb.sub.c Y.sub.d X.sub.e O.sub.xwherein Y=P, Si; X=V, Bi, Te, alkali metal; a and b each=1-12; c=2-20; d=0.2-2; e=0-10; and x is the number of oxygen atoms required to satisfy the remaining valences of the other elements, prepared by reacting an Sb compound and optionally also a V, Bi, Te and/or alkali metal compound, with a solution of a heteropoly acid of Mo and W, drying and tempering the resultant blue complex.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of butane-1,4-diol comprises, in a one-stage process, catalytically hydrogenating a solution of maleic anhydride in a monohydric aliphatic alcohol, in the presence of hydrogen and a copper chromite catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a solid, intumescent, phosphorus-containing flame retardant for thermoplastic synthetic resins, comprises evaporating to dryness the reaction product of (a) 1 mole of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid or polyphosphoric acid, (b) 0.5-2 moles of ethylene oxide or glycol, and (c) 0.2-1 mole of melamine, and tempering the thus-obtained solid at 100.degree.-250.degree. C. The product so obtained can be added to such resins to render them flameproof without deleterious side effects such as discoloration.

Abstract: In a process for the production of neopentyl glycol comprising high-pressure hydrogenating a crude hydroxypivalaldehyde, containing the monoisobutyric acid ester of neopentyl glycol as an impurity, in the liquid phase over a barium-activated copper chromite catalyst, an improvement comprises hydrogenating the crude hydroxypivalaldehyde in the presence of 3-8% of water, and in two stages, wherein, in the first stage, the temperature is 120.degree.-160.degree. C. and the charge of hydrogenation starting material is 0.05-1.0 liter/liter of catalyst . h., and in the second stage, the temperature is 170.degree.-200.degree. C. and the charge of hydrogenation starting material is 0.05-1.0 liter/liter of catalyst . h., whereby there is obtained neopentyl glycol having a degree of purity of above 98% as determined by gas chromatographic analysis.

Abstract: A process for preparing an .alpha.,.omega.-C.sub.6 - to C.sub.20 -alkenol of a purity of greater than 85% comprises catalytically dehydrating the corresponding .alpha.,.omega.-C.sub.6 - to C.sub.20 -diol using a catalyst of a neutral, pyrophosphate of lithium, sodium, strontium or barium or a mixture thereof at a temperature of 300.degree.-500.degree. C. and a diol conversion of 10-90%.

Abstract: Isobutyraldehyde is produced by the oxo process and converted to acetone in the gas phase by oxidative decarbonylation on a zinc oxide supported copper oxide catalyst. The conversion is improved by adding about 2.5 to 25 percent by weight graphite to the catalyst, based on the total weight of catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the precipitation of a pulverulent filled rubber, which comprises mixing a rubber latex, a rubber solution or a rubber emulsion with a filler suspension, waterglass and a water-soluble aluminum salt at a predetermined pH value of 3.0-3.7, the pH value being kept constant by introduction of acid during the precipitation.

Abstract: A continuous process for the partial oxidation of methane to produce mixtures of formaldehyde and methanol wherein methane and an oxidizing gas are reacted in a reaction zone in the form of a flame and the resulting reaction mixture is cooled followed by separation of the resulting products, is further improved by controlling the velocity of the oxidizing gas so that it is 50 to 300 meters per second higher than the methane gas with the methane gas being introduced in a velocity of from 1 to 15 meters per second. Also, the stream of methane gas has a volume that is 3 to 100 times greater than the volume of the stream of oxidizing gas introduced into the reaction zone.

Abstract: Addition of 0.2-2 weight % of 2-methyl-2,3-epoxypropanol-(1), and preferably also 0.2-2% of methyl tert-butyl ether, produces highly stabilized 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Abstract: In a method of plasticizing polyvinyl chloride by adding a plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride, an improvement is provided wherein the plasticizer is a di-(cyclohexylethylmethylol) phthalate or a di-(ethylcyclohexylmethylol) phthalate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ethyl or hydrogen; R.sub.1 is methyl or hydrogen; and n is an integer of 0-2; and when n is 2, R is H and R.sub.1 is H; when n is 0, R is ethyl and R.sub.1 is H, and when n is 1, R.sub.1 is methyl and R is H; the two alcohol radicals being the same or different.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions having improved flexibility and cold impact strength, comprising a mixture of:I. at least one polyamide from omega-aminocarboxylic acids or lactams having at least 10 carbon atoms; andII. at least one polyether ester amide with units of the starting components randomly distributed in the polymer chain produced from:(a) omega-aminocarboxylic acid or lactams having at least 10 carbon atoms,(b) alpha, omega-dihydroxy(polytetrahydrofuran) having a molecular weight of between 160 and 3,000 and(c) a dicarboxylic acid.The mixture contains about 95 to 20 percent by weight of component I and about 5 to 80 percent by weight of component II.

Abstract: Improved PVC polymers are prepared by an emulsion polymerization process using an emulsifier mixture comprising:(a) 70-30% by weight of an alkyl sulfate of the formula R--OSO.sub.3 Me wherein R is alkyl of 10-18 carbon atoms and Me is Na or K; and(b) correspondingly 30-70% by weight of at least one member selected from the group consisting of(i) 0-65% by weight of an alkyl ether sulfate of the formula R--(OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.n --OSO.sub.3 Me wherein n is an integer of 1-5 inclusive and R and Me have the above-indicated values, and(ii) 0-60% by weight of a sodium alkyl sulfonate wherein the alkyl chain is of 10-20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A polybutene-1 mixture which forms heat sealable, transparent film having good initial tear resistance and resistance to tear propagation are produced by polymerizing liquid butene-1 at 60.degree.-120.degree. C. employing as catalyst a dihalidefree mixture of diethylaluminum monochloride and TiCl.sub.3.nAlCl.sub.3 wherein n is 0.2 to 0.6, and isolating the unfractionated mixture of polymers.

Abstract: A method for the coating and protection of a glass surface which comprises:treating the glass surface with an aqueous or an alcoholic solution of a silane in order to provide a skim coat thereon, drying the resulting silane-coated surface, coating the dried silane-coated surface with a paste comprising (1) an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate, a mixture thereof, or a reaction product thereof with water, wherein the mole ratio of said diisocyanate to water is 2:.ltoreq.1 and (2) a hydroxy-group containing polyester derived from a .omega.-hydroxy carboxylic acid or a lactone therefrom and a triol, wherein said acid or lactone contains at least 4 carbon atoms, and hardening the paste. Glass bottles coated by this a method are also described in this invention.

Abstract: The process for making cyclododecatriene(1,5,9)-enes by catalytically trimerizing butadiene using a catalyst from a titanium halide and an alkylaluminum halide in the presence of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons is improved by carrying out the reaction in the presence of dibenzyenes having the general formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 through R.sub.6 represent hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, alkyl groups, aralkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, or aryl groups, the dibenzylbenzenes being used in at least equimolar amounts with respect to the titanium compound.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the metered conveying of pulverulent solids with the aid of an eccentric screw pump. The pulverulent solids such as terephthalic acid (TPA) are mechanically or pneumatically loosened in the receiving chamber of the pump.

Abstract: A process for recovering propene and propene/propane mixtures from the off-gases obtained from the hydroformylation of propene involves contacting the off-gases with a liquid absorbent comprising at least one of the liquid substances formed during the hydroformylation of propene to absorb the propene and propane and thereafter desorbing these gases from said liquid substances.

Abstract: A method for the coating of glass surfaces in order to prevent the scattering of glass particles upon bursting, with a transparent, duroplastic protective coat by depositing a paste of hydroxy group-containing 1,2-epoxy compounds with at least one 1,2-epoxide group in the molecule and a lower melting point of more than 40.degree. C. and hardening agents, and hardening the overlay at higher temperatures; which comprises first treating the clean glass surface with an aqueous or alcoholic silane skim coat, drying said surface if necessary and thereafter warming said surface to a temperature up to 120.degree. C.