Abstract: To transparently transport an incoming clock signal (CLK2) with a known frequency over a network segment wherein transmission between a transmitter (TX) and a receiver (RX) operates synchronous to a transmit clock signal (CLK1) and receiver clock signal (CLK1?) which are synchronized, the transmitter measures the phase difference (P) between the incoming clock signal (CLK2) and a reference signal (R) obtained from the transmit clock signal (CLK1). The measured phase difference (P) is communicated to the receiver (RX) and used therein to generate a copy (CLK2).

Abstract: ATM path switched ring switching is based on a ring segment BIP. An ATM VP ring segment is defined as originating at an ATM VP ring input and terminating at an ATM VP ring output. A ring segment BIP is composed of the path BIP error counts of multiple SONET/SDH paths from the ring segment input to the ring segment output.

Abstract: For synchronization purposes, a transmitter (TX) multiplexes a pilot carrier with carriers whereon data elements (DATA) are modulated, and transmits the pilot carrier together with the modulated carriers to a receiver (RX). The immunity of the pilot carrier for interferers, such as radio amateur signals, is improved by modulating the pilot carrier with a non-constant signal, for instance a random signal, an alternating signal or even scrambled data elements (DATA), before transmission thereof. Since demodulation of the pilot carrier in the receiver (RX) and averaging successive demodulated pilot carriers reduces the effect of the interference induced on the non-constantly modulated pilot carrier, the degradation of the synchronization between transmitter (TX and receiver (RX) is reduced significantly.

Abstract: A receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) is disclosed for receiving optical signals from an optical transmission network (NET) serving to transmit coded, multiplexed optical signals. The receiver (EMP1, . . . , EMPn) includes a means (DEK1) for detecting the optical signals to be received, e.g., a Fabry-Perot filter, and processing means (O/E1, 0/E2, 5) to compensate noise present in the detected optical signals by combining the detected optical signals with compensation signals. The means (DEK1) is adapted to transmit optical signals to be received and reflect optical signals not to be received. A further means (K1), e.g., an optical coupler, is provided for deriving the compensation signals from at least part of the reflected optical signals and then applying the compensation signals to the processing means (O/E1, O/E2, 5).

Abstract: The method is used in a telecommunication network wherein a central station (CS) is coupled to a plurality of residences (R1,R2,R3). One of the residences (R3) includes a termination unit (TU) which is coupled to the central station (CS) via a first port (P1). The residence (R3) also includes subscriber terminals, e.g. a personal computer (PC), a telephone set (TEL), a television set (TV) and a set-top box (STB) which are coupled to the termination unit (TU) via a second port (P2). The method includes amplifying an upstream signal (US) applied to the second port (P2) with an upstream gain value (UG) by means of an upstream signal amplifier (U-AMP3) which is included in the termination unit (TU). Thereby, an amplified upstream signal (AUS) is generated and provided to the first port (P1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for establishing a connection from a calling A-subscriber to a called B-subscriber in a telecommunications TC network that offers IN (=Intelligent Network) services, in particular in a multi-operator environment with IN-supported telephone number portability, is characterized in that upon determination of the target address of the called B-subscriber, a service requested for the current call by the calling A-subscriber is simultaneously compared to a stored service profile of the called B-subscriber and in the event of a determined incompatibility, a corresponding negative release message is sent to the calling A-subscriber. This permits the calling A-subscriber, before a possibly pointless connection is made to a called B-subscriber, who does not offer the services desired by the A-subscriber at all, to not even make the connection in the first place, which would be pointless for the calling A-subscriber.

Abstract: Natural or synthetic silica is deposited on a preform set into rotation in front of a plasma torch which moves back and forth substantially parallel to a longitudinal direction of the preform, a first feed duct feeds the plasma with grains of natural or synthetic silica while a second feed duct feeds the plasma with a fluorine or chlorine compound, preferably a fluorine compound, mixed with a carrier gas. Any sodium or lithium contained in the grains of natural or synthetic silica react with the fluorine or chlorine of the fluorine or chlorine compound, thereby making it possible to improve the optical quality of fibers drawn from a preform built up with natural or synthetic silica, and to do so at reduced cost.

Abstract: A positive active material for nickel electrodes of alkaline storage batteries consists of particles of hydroxide containing mainly nickel and covered with a layer of a hydroxide phase based on nickel and yttrium. The proportion of the hydroxide phase is in the range 0.15% to 3% by weight of yttrium expressed as yttrium hydroxide relative to the total weight of particles.

Abstract: An arrangement for adjustably coupling a radio frequency input port to a resonator element of the filter. The arrangement comprises a resilient conductor (19) which extends from the input port (15) into the electric field of a resonator element (2). The remote end of the resilient conductor resiliently abuts the point (20) of an adjustment screw (20a). Operating the screw moves the resilient conductor in relation to the electric field and alters the capacitive coupling between the input port and the resonator element for fine tuning the impedance match of the input to the filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for deciding on the acceptance or non-acceptance of a call by taking into consideration data signaled in conjunction with the attempt to establish a connection to a certain subscriber who is the called party, wherein in addition to the signaled data other data are considered which identify the actual situation of the certain subscriber and wherein the data are combined according to freely predetermined criteria, as well as a circuit module, a communication terminal, a portable unit, and a network component for a telecommunication network.

Abstract: To be able to utilize the advantages of a cordless system based on the DECT standard as well as the advantages of a cellular mobile radio system based on the GSM standard, dual-mode units are known which switch automatically to the lower cost standard. The expense of such units and of the necessary additional circuits in the network infrastructure is avoided when the mobile unit and a mobile unit adapter are equipped with an infrared interface, whereby all the necessary information for the man-machine communication are transmitted independently of the standards. In this way it is possible to access the GSM mobile radio network without engaging the network infrastructure, for example with a DECT mobile unit via a GSM mobile unit adapter. The infrared interface circuit, which essentially comprises an infrared transceiver (1.1, 2.1), a codec (1.3, 2.3) and a digital signal processor (1.2, 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for providing a subscriber (SUB1) with information relating to call-charges for telecommunication services associated with a communication link, as well as a call-charge device (CHARGE), a subscriber terminal (TE4) and a service unit for carrying out the method. The call-charge device (CHARGE) receives one or several of the call-metering messages (MP) associated with the communication link and calculates while the communication link is operative, from these messages (MP) the charges (CH) accrued for the communication link. The call-charge device (CHARGE) then associates with the calculated charges (CH) an acoustic signal and generates an electric signal (ES) which corresponds to the associated acoustic signal. The acoustic signal is subsequently conveyed to the subscriber (SUB1) with the help of an electro-acoustic transducer (LS) which is controlled by the electric signal (ES).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of operating a communications network of a network operator (OPA), which is interconnected with one or more further communications networks of one or more further network operators (OPB to OPZ) via one or more gateways respectively, as well as such a communications network and an interworking facility (GATECEN) for such a communications network. For each gateway, a gateway switching center (GATE.sub.-- EX) exchanges information-bearing data with a switching facility (GATE) of the respective further communications network via at least one bearer channel. Furthermore the interworking functions (STP, KDE, TAR, FUNC1 to FUNC3) are performed for all connections via the one or more bearer channel(s) which support the interconnection of the communications network via the respective gateway with the respective further communications network of the respective other network operator (OPB to OPZ).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of establishing a multichannel connection comprising N channels, two switching facilities, a communications network, and a transmit-side and a receive-side access facility to a communications network. When a multichannel connection (SLOT3, SLOT7; SLOT5, SLOT28) is established through a switching network (DSN), first the transit times (T1, T2, T3) of more than N channels through the switching network (DSN) are determined (MONIT). Then N channels are selected from said more than N channels by means of an algorithm (CONTR), which uses the determined transit times (T1, T2, T3) as input values. Subsequently the selected N channels are assigned as channels to the multichannel connection (SLOT3, SLOT7; SLOT5, SLOT28), and for their synchronization the channels are delayed in accordance with the determined transit times (T1, T2, T3). This method is also applicable to end-to-end multichannel connections and single channel connections.

Abstract: In an object environment, among the plurality of objects interact, one or several objects in the number of objects are allocated to a component. The naming management is distributed over the components. Each component manages the naming of the component or components which immediately follows it.

Abstract: For image transmission, image data is compressed block by block, and the compressed data is transmitted and decompressed. Due to an information loss during transmission, discontinuities are visible in pictures thus restored, particularly at block boundaries ("blocking effect"). The higher the bit rate, the more visible the discontinuities will be. This is improved by refining the prior art filter. Information for reducing the error is derived from the boundaries of the block, and the filter size is enlarged to 2.times.n+1 pixels, with n=2, 3, 4 preferably limited to one half the number of pixels on one side making up the block. Besides the signal and noise activity of a block, the filter determines both the pixels inside the block and the pixels outside the block. The determination is made by means of the one-dimensional filter in the horizontal and vertical directions.

Abstract: A scheme for propagating, between views of a network, status information for elements of the network in a way that mirrors how the network is maintained. The propagation scheme divides the elements of the network into either connections or equipment, groups the elements in each of these two partitions into increasingly higher-level views and propagates status of fundamental and compound objects between the different views to help locate the source of any malfunction of the network. This status propagation scheme is particularly suited for monitoring a wide-area network, where there are more connections and more complex equipment than in a typical local area network, these connections are usually more geographically disbursed, and most importantly these connections are maintained by different people than those who maintain the other equipment of the network.

Abstract: As long as a queuing network node (Q) is not congested, it returns to the source terminals (S1, S2, S3, S4) transmitting data packets through this queuing network node (Q), upper packet rate values (ER) which are proportional to the actual packet rate values (CCR). The transmit rate of a source terminal (S1, S2, S3, S4) upon receipt of the upper packet rate value (ER), is controlled so that it stays below this upper packet rate value. In this way, the queuing network node (Q) allows its aggregate input rate to increase in a controlled, smooth way and does not rely on the sources (S1, S2, S3, S4) themselves. Once the queuing network node (Q) gets congested a fair share algorithm is used to determine which source terminals have to decrease their transmit rates and which source terminals are allowed to further increase their transmit rates.

Abstract: A method of establishing secure communication between users by means of a public key encryption/decryption system comprises the following steps: a center generates a pair of keys comprising a secret key and a public key, the center's public key is supplied to a user, this user generates a pair of keys specific to this user comprising a secret key and a public key but the public key of this user is encrypted with the center's public key, this user transmits to the center their own public key encrypted with the public key of the center, and the center decrypts the public key of this user and if this user is approved by the center, the center retransmits to this user the public key of this user encrypted with itself. This method provides centralized control of users' public keys.

Abstract: A current control interface arrangement includes a card circuit and a connector means. The connector means is adapted to generate, from the supply voltage terminals, an enable signal which is directly correlated to the moment of insertion or extraction of the load from the power supply. The card circuit includes an active device to be coupled between a power supply terminal and a load, an enable controlled switch for delivering the correct voltage to the control terminal of the active device for turning on, respectively turning off this device and a time constant means for controlling the rate at which the active device is further rendered conductive. A very simple power supply sequencing apparatus including the current control interface arrangement allows for coupling a plurality of supply voltages to a card in descending order starting from the highest supply voltage to the lowest supply voltage.