Abstract: A mesa semiconductor device, including a metal film conductor located on the upper surface of the device about the base of the mesa to reduce skin effect loss.

Abstract: An improved self-retaining type of ball and socket mounting for pivotally mounting and securing a toggle lever switch operator in the mounting bushing of an electric switch. The bushing is formed of a resilient plastic material, and has semi-spherical socket into which a complementary formed but slightly smaller pivot portion is press fitted. The socket and pivot portion of the lever are designed to constrain the lever in desired directions of oscillatory movement while preventing withdrawal through the outer end of the bushing.

Abstract: An operating mechanism for an enclosed circuit breaker is disclosed and comprises: a frame mounted within an enclosure; a linearly reciprocal handle slidably mounted to the frame for operating a circuit breaker within the enclosure and extending through an aperture in a door of the enclosure; and a latch pivotally mounted to the frame and cooperating with the handle and a catch on the door to perform interlocking functions whereby the door cannot be opened unless the handle is in an "off" position and whereby the handle cannot be moved to an "on" position unless the door is closed. A defeater is provided for manually pivoting the latch to defeat its interlocking functions.

Abstract: The snap-in mounting means includes a ring-like retainer member disposed in an annular groove provided near the outer end of an elongated bushing which extends from a switch frame member on a switch base of an electrical toggle switch assembly and pivotally supports a toggle lever for actuating switch contacts housed in the switch base. The retainer member is radially compressible and expandable in the bushing groove between a normally expanded position where its outer dimension is larger than the dimension of the mounting hole in a support panel on which a switch assembly is to be mounted and a compressed position where it can pass through the mounting hole.As the bushing is initially inserted into the mounting hole from the rear of the panel during mounting, a portion of the retainer member engages the rim of the mounting hole and it is cammed thereby to the compressed position inside the groove.

Abstract: An oscillating stack receiving table carries thereon a pair of cooperating chain driven ejector assemblies which function in their "at rest" position as gates to stabilize the stack of articles during rotation of the table and which are operable to sweep across the table when the latter is "at rest" to eject the stack of articles from the table onto associated take-away conveyor apparatus.

Abstract: A multipurpose electric trigger switch adapted to be mounted in the handle of a portable electric tool for controlling the A. C. power circuit and, to afford a higher rating, the switch is provided with double-pole butt contacts. A movable contactor is pivoted and translated on a resilient terminal into wiping and abutting contact with a stationary terminal in response to linear sliding movement of an operator having a cam which engages inclined camming surfaces on the contactor.

Abstract: In order to detect the identification marks on an exposed transparent card in a stack of similar cards, the identification marks on the exposed card are illuminated by polarized light that is incident at an angle greater than the polarizing angle of the transparent material of the cards. The high angle of incidence and the polarization of the incident light reduce the transmission of light through the exposed card, and thereby reduce the illumination and probability of detection of identification marks on a card adjacent the exposed card.

Abstract: A toggle lever switch having a central longitudinal bore in the outer handle for housing an LED (light emitting diode) with terminals extending down through the handle and bent laterally outward along the pivotal axis through lateral holes in the spherical portion of the toggle lever to engage inwardly biased stationary terminals extending up through the bushing adjacently facing the lateral holes. The LED terminals themslves are used as the commutating connectors. Commutation means are provided for spacing the LED terminals and for maintaining good electrical contact with the stationary terminals, and in preferred form comprises an insulating plug having a pigtail.

Abstract: A thermostatic control has a power element, the integral cup shaped portion of which functions as a range lever adjusted by direct contact with a cam member. The cup element amplifies motion as well as transmitting motion. The normally deflecting portion of the diaphragm part of the power element is held stationary. This arrangement eliminates the necessity of a separate lever range and a bias spring and a lever pivot interface and results in energy spring. A molded drive lever provides the following functions: (1) drive switch mechanism lever; (2) a cut-in adjustment; and (3) a cut-out adjustment. The latter two functions are obtained without effect on the trip points of the load-controlling switch.

Abstract: A tool for removing a snap-in bushing type toggle switch or the like from a hole in a mounting panel. The tool is molded of plastic material and is provided with a spring-biased self-opening slidable chuck snap-in assembled within a compressor tube and is adapted to squeeze the snap-in collar or skirt of the snap-in bushing so that it becomes released from the mounting panel. The outer compressor tube having a mushroom handle at one end is adapted to slide forwardly over the chuck to compress or squeeze it and the snap-in collar therewithin. A spring-biased ejector pin slidable within the chuck is depressed by the toggle lever of the switch and is loaded by its spring compressed by the compressor tube and serves to snap the switch from the panel hole upon release of the snap-in collar.A first version has an integrally-molded resilient lug on the chuck that snaps out into an elongated slot in the compressor tube wall to snap-in assemble the chuck within the compressor tube for limited sliding movement.

Abstract: A snap-action pressure switch has an adjustable trip point for controlling the switching pressure. A flexible bracket has a bearing portion pivotally mounting a lever between the ends thereof. Contact means are actuated by one end of the lever. A toggle spring is biased between the other end of the lever and a pressure-responsive actuator for causing snap-action pivoting of the lever when the toggle spring passes through an overcenter force-reversing toggle point as the actuator moves in response to pressure. The bearing portion of the flexible bracket is adjustably movable with respect to the actuator, thus moving the pivot point of the lever to change the toggle point of the spring with respect to movement of the actuator, whereby to afford an adjustable switching pressure. The trip point is further controlled by an adjustble range spring biasing the actuator against pressure-induced movement.

Abstract: A tool for removing a snap-in bushing type toggle switch from a hole in a mounting panel. The tool is made of metal or plastic and is provided with a spring-biased self-opening chuck and compressor tube adapted to squeeze the snap-in collar or skirt of the snap-in bushing so that it can be pushed back through the hole in the panel for removal. An outer, compressor tube having a mushroom handle at one end is adapted to slide forwardly over the chuck to compress or squeeze it and the snap-in collar therewithin. A spring-biased ejector pin within the chuck is depressed by the toggle lever and serves to snap the switch out upon release of the snap-in collar. The tool is used by placing the chuck over the snap-in bushing against the panel and pressing on the mushroom handle to slide the compressor tube over the chuck against the panel whereupon the ejector pin kicks the switch out behind the panel.A simpler version includes only a chuck and a manually slidable compressor ring, both molded of plastic material.

Abstract: An annular resistor, suitable for use in a diesel electric locomotive dynamic braking system and the like, having a supporting frame including spaced inner and outer annular frame portions and a continuous resistance ribbon having a plurality of bent-back radial extensions therebetween and in electrical isolation therefrom. U-shaped folds of the ribbon are mounted on pin supports allowing contraction and expansion of the ribbon. The pin supports are mounted to insulator blocks which may be selectively positioned on the frame, when two or more are stacked, to vary ribbon alignment and hence convective cooling. The resistor is comprised of severally replaceable identical component quadrants.

Abstract: An improved thermostatic switch which employs a pressure linear thermal power element and a simplified diaphragm motion translating and amplifying means while dispensing with need for diaphragm loading spring. It features a one piece motion transmitting lever between the diaphragm and electric switch operator, and an improved snap-action switch operating mechanism. A one-piece molded insulating housing, and an improved knob coupling member on the temperature range adjusting shaft are employed.

Abstract: A monolithic semiconductor device is disclosed comprising a power switching thyristor and a temperature sensitive thyristor integrated on a common substrate. In preferred form, the temperature sensitive thyristor is electrically connected between the gate terminal and one of the main terminals of the power switching thyristor, and is thermally actuatable to intrinsically switch from a high to a low resistance state above a predetermined temperature of the power switching thyristor sensed through the common substrate, whereby to shunt gate current and automatically inhibit turn-on of the power switching thyristor to prevent overheating thereof. Depending on circuit variations, the power switching thyristor may be rendered conductive above or below a predetermined temperature, or within a defined temperature range. Normally off and normally on devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A ladder static logic control system having static logic circuits that are logic equivalents of the electromagnetic, mechanical and other circuit components in a prior electromechanical ladder diagram. Ladder static logic circuits that are logic equivalents of electromagnetic devices such as control coils, latching coils and timer coils and having a built-in operating time delay to eliminate any logic race problems. A method of making the above ladder static logic control system by starting with a ladder diagram of a prior art electro-mechanical control system and substituting a ladder static logic circuit for each of the electro-mechanical component counterparts appearing therein.

Abstract: A pneumatic timer translating the external force of an electromagnetic relay or the like into rotational movement of a camshaft to actuate a set of switch contacts. The rotation of the camshaft is retarded in one direction by an adjustable pneumatic one-way time delay mechanism. The timer is capable of two modes of operation, on delay and off delay, according to choice of camshaft configuration and orientation.

Abstract: A system for protecting an electrical resistor, such as, for example, the dynamic braking resistor of a D.C. traction motor used in a diesel-electric locomotive, from burn-out in the event of a malfunction such as a cooling fan failure or air blockage, over-load, high ambient temperature, etc. Such protection is afforded by a noise-immune system that continuously monitors the resistor temperature and provides an output signal when the resistor temperature reaches a predetermined level above its normal operating temperatures short of an unsafe level. This is done by sensing the change in resistivity of the resistor with change in temperature thereof to provide a first control signal. A second control signal proportional to the current in the resistor is obtained and compared with the first control signal to obtain the aforesaid output signal proportional to the resistor temperature above ambient temperature.

Abstract: The snap-in means includes a snap-in member carried in a recess provided in the outer end portion of a bushing which extends from a switch frame mounted on a switch base of an electrical toggle switch asembly and pivotally supports a toggle lever for actuating switch contacts housed in the switch base. The snap-in member, which is preferably molded from a synthetic plastic material, is adapted for mounting the switch assembly in a support panel mounting hole and includes a radially compressible locking flange having a lower or inner edge which engages the front side of the panel upon insertion of the outer end portion of the bushing through the panel mounting hole. The snap-in member also includes a radially extending, generally annular ridge having a bearing surface which is engageable with the backside rim of the panel mounting hole and cooperates with the locking flange to securely hold the switch assembly on the support panel.

Abstract: An electrical contact unit, for example an add-on block for detachable attachment to an electromagnetic relay itself incorporating contact sets driven by the electromagnet, comprising at least one contact set normally biased closed and means for retaining the contact set in the closed condition against an applied actuating force until the actuating force exceeds a threshold value, whereupon the contact set snaps open. The retaining means may comprise a ball bearing urged outwardly from a channel formed in a linearly-movable actuating member for the contact set and a shoulder behind which the ball bearing engages when the contact set is in the closed condition.