Abstract: A drum type washing machine having a pump integrally formed with a filter. The drum type washing machine has a body, an outer tub disposed in the body for receiving a washing liquid therein, a drum formed at a side wall thereof with a plurality of discharging holes and disposed in the outer tub for receiving articles to be washed, a pump assembly which sprays the washing liquid onto the articles by circulating the washing liquid discharged from a lower portion of the outer tub to an upper portion of the outer tub, removes impurities from the washing liquid while a washing cycle is being carried out and drains the washing liquid out of the washing machine after the washing cycle is finished. The pump assembly has a pump, a filter installed at one side of the pump and a spraying nozzle assembly disposed above the drum.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for automatically inputting debugging data of a video cassette recorder are disclosed. Data generating section reads a debugging data in response to a debugging execution signal from a user and serially generates the read debugging data. Data transmission port outputs the debugging data serially inputted from the data generating section. Data transmission section converts a voltage level and a data form of the debugging data from the data transmission port and transmits the converted debugging data to a video cassette recorder. As a result, an operator can obtain an accurate result of the debugging operation and can easily finish the operation which inputs the debugging data to the video cassette recorder in a small amount of time as well.

Abstract: A method for encoding a video signal of a contour of an object, which is capable of reducing the amount of transmission data through selectively transforming the approximation errors, is disclosed. The method divides the contour into a multiplicity of contour segments, and approximates each of the contour segments by a line segment, thereby determining positions of vertices on the contour. Then, it calculates a set of errors between the contour segment and the line segment, wherein the set of errors is a difference between each contour segment and the line segment corresponding thereto, and then calculates a value for determining the difference between the contour segment and the line segment. Thereafter, the method encodes and generates the positions of the vertices on the contour and the set of errors if the calculated value for determining the difference between the contour segment and the line segment is larger than a threshold value TH.

Abstract: Large value embedded inductors are made by screen printing an inductor coil onto one or more ferrite tapes, and covering the ferrite tapes with one or more ferrite tape layer or layers. Low firing temperature green tapes surround the ferrite layer or layers. These green tapes can be expansion matched to gallium arsenide.

Abstract: A holographic storage system implements both a rotational and an angular multiplexings in combination. The system comprises a light source, a pair of wedge prisms, a beam splitter, a first, a second, a third and a parabolic mirrors, a SLM(spatial light modulator) and a storage medium. In the system, a light beam emitted from the light source is split into a reference and a signal beams by the beam splitter. The signal beam reflected by the first mirror to the SLM which modulates data in the firm of pages. The modulated signal beam falls into the storage medium, while the reference beam is reflected by the second mirror to the wedge prisms which deflect the reference beam to an arbitrary position on the third mirror. The deflected reference beam is reflected onto the parabolic mirror by the third mirror. The deflected reference beam is converged onto the storage medium by the parabolic mirror.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus of an alternating current type plasma display panel system is disclosed. A plasma panel is divided into four subpanels by dividing vertically and horizontally, and 4 data interfacing sections take charge of driving the 4 subpanels, respectively. Numbers of upper and lower address electrodes are P. Each of the four data interfacing sections repeatedly receives N bits red-green-blue (RGB) data S times from a frame memory and, after storing a horizontal line RGB data, transfers D bits RGB data a time into 4 driving IC sections for driving address electrodes in a suitable order for data processing. Each of two driving IC sections for upper right and lower right subpanels takes charge of driving R address electrodes, and each of two driving IC sections for upper left and lower left subpanels takes charge of driving P-R address electrodes, where the number R can be decided by an equation, R=N.times.

Abstract: An automatic ice maker for saving an ice making time. The automatic ice maker has a U-shaped resonator filled up with an inertia gas, a pair of ice trays attached to both ends of the U-shaped resonator in a reverse direction to each other, a pair of speakers attached to both ends of the U-shaped resonator for compressing and expanding parcels of the inertia gas by applying an acoustic pressure to the U-shaped resonator thereby varying a temperature distribution in the U-shaped resonator, a pair of heat exchangers for transferring an inner temperature of the U-shaped resonator to the ice trays, a reversible motor for driving the U-shaped resonator in a forward or a reverse direction at an angle of 180 degrees, and an electric control unit for sequentially operating the speakers and the reversible motor. The automatic ice maker can be adopted to a refrigerator or other refrigeration system. By the automatic ice maker, the ice making time can be saved and the productivity in making the ice increases.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for removing blocking effect in a motion picture decoder are provided. Boundary pixel values of a current block and corresponding adjacent blocks are extracted boundary. A mean value for the resulting difference values between the extracted pixel values of the current and adjacent blocks is calculated. The calculated mean value is limited within a range of -(1/2) quantization step size to (1/2) quantization step size. The limited mean value is added to the each of the pixel values of the current block to generate. In another aspect, absolute values for the difference values between boundary pixel values of the current and adjacent blocks are calculated. The calculated absolute values are compared with a threshold level to determine whether the current block contains an edge. Therefore, only the current block not having an edge is selected and filtered, thereby removing the blocking effect due to a quantization error without having distortion to the original data.

Abstract: A method restores a binary shape signal which has been downsized through the use of a sub-sampling or a down-sampling technique. The downsized binary shape signal contains a plurality of reference lines, wherein each reference line includes one or more segments having successive object pixels therein, and the binary shape signal is restored based on the downsized binary shape signal. Once interpolation lines corresponding to the reference lines are produced based on the number of segments on each of the reference lines, positions of the segments, and the number of object pixels on each of the segments, and then the restored binary shape signal is provided by alternately combining each of the interpolation lines and each of the reference lines.

Abstract: A control method and an apparatus for precisely driving a motor of a head drum assembly by using impulse generation magnets in a video cassette recorder is disclosed. While a displacement of a hall sensor installed on a stator side is produced with respect to magnetic fluxes generated from impulse generation magnets installed on frequency generator magnets of a rotor, an impulse detection signal is supplied from the hall sensor. After a zero-crossing signal obtained by executing a zero-crossing detecting process with respect to the impulse detection signal is compared by a driving controller with a count signal obtained by counting a pulse number of the impulse detection signal, a next drive order of a switching section for driving the motor with reference to a present position of rotary magnets of the rotor is determined, and a rotational position of the motor is precisely controlled according to the rotational speed control signal which is computed on the basis of the determined drive order.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for stably controlling an ignition operation of a gas boiler regardless of external conditions by means of a method and an apparatus for variably setting an ignition condition of the gas boiler is disclosed. Control section detects an extinguishment flame voltage value based on whether or not a state of the gas boiler is an extinguishment state, compares the detected extinguishment flame voltage value with a predetermined first reference ignition flame voltage value, and sets a new reference ignition flame voltage value according to the compared result. As a result, the effects on the variations of components' characteristic which occur while using the gas boiler for a long time is minimized. Also, the effects caused by external conditions in the ignition state, the combustion state and the extinguishment state of the gas boiler are minimized. As a result, the ignition operation of the gas boiler is stably executed.

Abstract: An inventive method for manufacturing an array of M.times.N thin film actuatable mirrors, the method being capable of preserving the structural integrity thereof, comprises the steps of: preparing an active matrix; depositing a passivation layer and an etchant stopping layer, successively, on top of the active matrix; forming a thin film sacrificial layer; depositing a first mask layer made of a silicon oxide; forming a second mask layer; forming an array of M.times.N pair of cavities, one of the cavities in each pair exposing a portion of one of the connecting terminals; removing the first and the second mask layer; forming an array of M.times.N actuating structures; removing the thin film sacrificial layer to thereby form the array of M.times.N thin film actuatable mirrors. During the formation of the cavities, the cavities is formed into a trapezoidal shape as a result of the difference in the etching rate between the first mask layer and the thin film sacrificial layer.

Abstract: A method for searching a triangle on which an object lies while the object moves on a trigonometric grid, wherein the triangle is one of the constituents of the trigonometric grid approximately representing a terrain, is provided. For the search, first, the inventive method retrieves information on a present triangle and predicts a next location after a predetermined time interval from the present time. Then, a nearest vertex is found, the nearest vertex referring to a vertex of the present triangle being nearest to a present location of the object and candidate triangles sharing the nearest vertex are selected. Finally, it is determined whether or not the next location lies on each candidate triangle.

Abstract: In a method for encoding a binary alpha block (BAB) within a current frame based on the current frame and a previous frame, even-numbered horizontal lines of the BAB are sampled to generate a first block and even-numbered vertical lines of the first block are sampled to generate a first sample block. And then, a reconstructed first block and a reconstructed BAB are generated by inserting reconstructed vertical and horizontal lines sequentially at locations of odd-numbered vertical and horizontal lines thereof, respectively.

Abstract: A traceback processor of a survivor memory unit for use in a trellis-coded modulation decoder, wherein the survivor memory unit includes a data delay processor for providing determination vectors in parallel and the traceback processor for selectively providing one of an N1 and an N2 state mode decoded symbols, with decoding depths respectively corresponding to the N1 and N2 state mode decoded symbols being D1 and D2, is provided. A first traceback module iteratively calculates an N1 and an N2 state mode ith previous states and provides one of an N1 and an N2 state mode (D1-1)st previous states, i being an integer ranging from 1 to (D1-1). A second traceback module provides an N1 state mode decoded symbol and an N2 state mode (D1)th previous state and a third traceback module iteratively calculates an N2 state mode jth previous state, j being an integer ranging from (D1+1) to (D2-1).

Abstract: In an apparatus for performing motion estimation (ME) on a block of N.times.M pixels in a current frame based on a predetermined reference frame (RF), a block divider divides the block into subblocks (SB's) of K.times.L pixels and then classifies the SB's into A-group SB's and B-group SB's in accordance with the rule that all of the SB's in a same group be diagonally adjacent to each other. A first and a second decision circuits decide pixels satisfying a first and a second predetermined conditions among the pixels in the ASB's as A-group representative pixels (ARP's) and in the BSB's as B-group representative pixels (BRP's), respectively, wherein the first predetermined condition is different from the second predetermined condition. A sample block generator combines the ARP's with the BRP's to generate a sample block. And then, RF subsampling circuit generates a sample RF (SRF) by subsampling the predetermined RF in accordance with the same subsampling method described above.

Abstract: A binary shape encoding apparatus encodes a binary alpha block (BAB) consisting of M.times.N binary pixels, M and N each being a positive even integer. The apparatus samples every other horizontal lines of the BAB to generate a first block starting from either a first or a second horizontal line of the BAB and then samples every other vertical lines of the first block to generate a first sample block as a base layer also starting from either a first or a second vertical line of the first block, wherein the first horizontal and vertical lines are the topmost horizontal and the leftmost vertical lines in the BAB and the first block, respectively. Then, the apparatus encodes the first sample block to thereby produce coded base layer data and performs enhancement layer encoding based on the BAB, the first block and the first sample block to thereby provide coded horizontal and vertical enhancement layer data.

Abstract: A method for encoding a video signal including a video object plane(VOP) and object information thereof, the VOP having an object therein, divides the VOP into a plurality of blocks and detecting boundary blocks and object blocks, wherein each boundary block includes therein background pixels and object pixels and each object block includes therein object pixels only, the background and the object pixels representing pixels residing outside and inside the object, respectively. Then the object information is converted into a set of object symbols and each object symbol is added to a background pixel included in a boundary block to thereby produce processing blocks, the processing blocks including the object blocks and one or more processed boundary blocks having therein the object symbols and the remaining unprocessed boundary blocks. The processing blocks are encoded to thereby generate an encoded video signal.

Abstract: A washing machine having a dual damping structure can effectively prevent undesirable vibration of an outer tub by lowering the center of gravity of outer tub depending on a quantity of washing objects to stabilize the outer tub. A first damping part having a cap and a first spring is installed on the other end of a supporting rod, and dampens longitudinal vibration of the supporting rod. A second damping part having a slider and a second spring is integrally formed on a lower periphery of the outer tub. Also, there is provided a connecting means connecting the first damping part with the second damping part so as to transmit the vibration of the second damping part into the first damping part.