Abstract: Serial bus modules with unique multibit identifications that may be searched with multiple modules on a single bus. Modules may contain temperature history per integrated Arrhenius temperature dependent signal. Modules may be packaged as tokens or as two or three lead plastic plastic, also with the three lead packages further functionality as sensors or switches may be incorporated into the modules.

Abstract: A polysilicon resistor is formed using a late implant process. Low dopant concentrations on the order of 6×1019 to 3.75×1020 have shown good results. with a reduced post anneal temperature. Both the first and second order temperature coefficients (TC1 and TC2) can then be adjusted. Using electrical trimming resistors can be produced with highly linear temperature characteristics. By varying the geometries of the resistors, low trimming threshold current densities and voltages can be used to produce good results.

Abstract: Coin-shaped one-wire communication modules with a flange for mounting convenience may be attached to contact extensions on items such as work totes for ease of communication. A host computer can keep track and locate multiple items which have mounted communication modules with use of a single data line and a single ground line for all of the modules.

Abstract: An integrated circuit, such as a microprocessor, which incorporates hardware mechanisms to prevent the circuitry from operating outside the proper bounds of design. The hardware circuitry prevents the microprocessor circuitry from being forced to operate at clock speeds that are greater than it is designed for, from operating at temperatures above or below that which it is designed for, and from being forced to operate at voltages that are above or below voltages that the microprocessor is designed to operate at.

Abstract: An improved method and system for providing power to digital potentiometers is provided by applying the static electric field of an adjacent modified, non-volatile memory cell to the wiper mechanism. During periods of power removal to the circuitry as a whole, the potentiometer maintains the selected resistance via this static power supply.

Abstract: A polysilicon resistor is formed using a late implant process. Low dopant concentrations on the order of 6×1019 to 3.75×1020 have shown good results. with a reduced post anneal temperature. Both the first and second order temperature coefficients (TC1 and TC2) can then be adjusted. Using electrical trimming resistors can be produced with highly linear temperature characteristics. By varying the geometries of the resistors, low trimming threshold current densities and voltages can be used to produce good results.

Abstract: An electronic module comprises (a) an electrical assembly of electrical components and a cap. The cap surrounds a portion of the electrical assembly of electrical components to form a pocket between a portion of the electrical assembly of electrical components and the cap. The cap has at least one sidewall, each of the at least one sidewalls having an end, one of at least one sidewalls proximately positioned to at least one electrical lead and having at least one notch positioned in the end, the pocket filled with an encapsulant. A process comprises providing a cap and filling the cap with encapsulant, placing an electrical assembly of electrical components in the cap filled with the preselected amount of encapsulant, and allowing the electrical assembly to seat to a proper depth.

Abstract: An 8051 microprocessor core having an ability to operate via an external crystal oscillator or be switched to operate in a low power mode via an internal ring oscillator.

Abstract: A secure monetary system comprises an electronic module and equipment to access the electronic module. The electronic module comprising a substantially token-shaped module and secure memory circuitry to store monetary information. The secure memory positioned in the substantially token-shaped module. The equipment accesses and manipulates the monetary information stored in the memory in the electronic module. The equipment comprises memory to store control and encryption programs and the memory is coupled to a microprocessor, which is also coupled to the electronic module and a control panel. The microprocessor is secure.

Abstract: A microcontroller communicating via a data path and an address path with a memory block containing encrypted contents, the microcontroller including the capability for detecting resets effectuated in the wake of an unauthorized attempt to gain access to the encrypted contents and the capability of evading such an unauthorized attempt.

Abstract: An electronic module having at least a microprocessor and co-processor on a single integrated circuit. The electronic module can be contained in a small housing. The electronic module provides secure bidirectional data communication via a data bus. The electronic module may include an integrated circuit comprising a microprocessor, and a co-processor adapted to handle 1,024-bit modulo mathematics primarily aimed at RSA calculations. The electronic module is preferably contained in a small token sized metallic container and will preferably communicate via a single wire data bus which uses a one-wire protocol.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack with low powered, gas gauge circuitry for monitoring and accumulating various operating parameters of the rechargeable battery pack, includes a current monitor for measuring the current flow into and out of a battery cell in the rechargeable battery pack. An integrated current accumulator connected to the current monitor is used to maintain a measure of the net charge having flowed into and out of the battery cell. A charging current accumulator, which is also coupled to the current monitor, is used to maintain a measure of the total charge having flowed into the battery cell, while a discharging current accumulator is used to maintain a measure of the total charge having flowed out of the battery cell. A highly accurate oscillator is used to drive the accumulators to greatly increase the accuracy of the gas gauge functions derived therefrom.

Abstract: A low power timekeeping system utilizes a state machine to first read seconds stored in a RAM and update seconds and then determine if the minutes requires updating. If the minutes do not require updating then the sequencer stops operation until the next update cycle. Similarly, the minutes, hours, days of the week, date of the month, month, and year are updated only as needed in each update cycle thereby lowering the power requirement needed by the timekeeping system.

Abstract: A low power integrated circuit having analog to digital conversion circuitry capable of receiving a plurality of analog signals and converting them to a digital value. The digital value is then transmitted, upon request, over a single wire bus. The accuracy of the analog to digital conversion circuitry can be calibrated via trim codes stored in an onboard EPROM.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electronic module used for secure transactions. More specifically, the electronic module is capable of passing encrypted information back and forth between a service provider's equipment via a secure, encrypted technique so that money and other valuable data can be securely passed electronically. The module is capable of being programmed, keeping track of real time, recording transactions for later review, and creating encryption key pairs.

Abstract: An electronic module having at least a microprocessor and co-processor on a single integrated circuit. The electronic module can be contained in a small housing. The electronic module provides secure bidirectional data communication via a data bus. The electronic module may include an integrated circuit comprising a microprocessor, and a co-processor adapted to handle 1,024-bit modulo mathematics primarily aimed at RSA calculations. The electronic module is preferably contained in a small token sized metallic container and will preferably communicate via a single wire data bus which uses a one-wire protocol.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled counter/clock arrangement is provided where th rate or frequency of the counting is temperature dependent. This allows for a measuring of thermal accumulation and/or history. The temperature sensing is based upon the use of the varying current that will flow through a toward biased semiconductor diode. In one embodiment a constant voltage source is used so that the current variation will follow Arrhenius's law.

Abstract: A method for monitoring various parameters and conditions of a rechargeable battery to accurately determine the remaining charge level of the rechargeable battery, and includes using a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of the rechargeable battery. The potential level of the rechargeable battery is monitored with a voltage meter coupled to the rechargeable battery. The current flow into and out of the rechargeable battery is monitored with current meter coupled to the rechargeable battery. A current accumulator coupled to the current meter is used to accumulate the net total of current flow, an oscillatory circuit is used to generate a timing signal to time selected functions, and a timestamp will be generated indicative of a time when the battery ceases to be charged such that a self discharge correction is capable of being calculated.

Abstract: An 8051 microprocessor core having an ability to operate via an external crystal oscillator or be switched to operate in a low power mode via an internal ring oscillator.

Abstract: A direct-to-digital temperature sensor is formed with a single switched-capacitor integrator, having a digital sequencer control.