Abstract: A spring-system, used for the suspension of motor-vehicles, comprises a manical, pneumatic, or hydro-pneumatic suspension-spring inserted between the sprung and the unsprung masses of the motor-vehicle. The suspension-spring is linear and possesses relatively high positive rigidity with only short spring-travel. Arranged in parallel with the suspension-spring is a correcting spring having negative rigidity and zero-crossover in the region of negative rigidity. The correcting spring comprises two parts each equipped with permanent magnets, one of these parts being connected to the sprung mass and the other to the unsprung mass. Each of the parts of the correcting spring comprises a plurality of permanent magnets arranged one behind the other in the direction of movement, with pieces of soft iron arranged therebetween, like poles of adjacent permanent magnets adjoining the soft-iron intermediate pieces, and the magnetizing axes of the permanent magnets being arranged in parallel with the direction of movement.

Abstract: A mast-type, three-dimensional framework structure of rectangular cross sion with four diagonally-braced frames which form the sides of the framework structure and all of which are manufactured from tubes and tubular joints made from fibre-reinforced plastics. The diagonally-braced frames are so interconnected by means of hinged connections on their longitudinal members that they can be folded flat in such a way that two adjacent diagonally-braced frames lie in each case on top of the two opposite diagonally-braced frames. Between the longitudinal members of two opposite corners of the framework structure, fixed-length cables are fitted which, when the structure is unfolded, form a stay in one of the diagonals. Between the outer opposite corners, which are on the outside when the structure is folded, there are low-friction cable deflectors for a tensioning cable.

Abstract: To reduce deformation of the piston pin for the rotating connection of a ton and a connecting rod in a piston cylinder system, especially in internal combustion engines, where the piston pin is made of fiber-reinforced composite material in which fibers running in different directions are placed, it is proposed that the piston pin is secured against rotation around its longitudinal axis in the piston or in the connecting rod, and has first regions in which the fibers are arranged in planes parallel to the piston pin axis and when secured against rotation in the piston, running parallel to the piston axis, or when secured against rotation in the connecting rod, running parallel to the connecting rod axis, so that they have a component running parallel to the piston axis or to the connecting rod axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for propelling a hydrogen engine with ogenically stored hydrogen, wherein a pump, cooled down to an operating temperature close to the hydrogen boiling point, feeds hydrogen to the fuel-injection hydrogen engine. In order to improve the method and the apparatus so that the pump need not be maintained constantly at the operating temperature, it is proposed that the pump, when its temperature exceeds its operating temperature level, be purged with cold hydrogen gas and thus cooled down until its temperature drops to the operating level, and that the hydrogen gas that has been passed through the pump be utilized to propel the hydrogen engine in a partial-load range.

Abstract: The injection device has a nozzle body (10) with a movable valve needle (. At the front end of the nozzle body (10) there is the discharge nozzle (11). The front end of the nozzle body (10) is surrounded by an ejector attachment (17) which has a suction chamber (19). An ejector duct (20) with a mixing nozzle (23) and a diffuser (24) goes from the suction chamber (19) into the fuel chamber (21). Through air ducts (22) opening laterally into the suction chamber (19), air is drawn out of the fuel chamber (21) by the fuel jet leaving the discharge nozzle (11). This air mixes in the driving jet with the fuel, so that at the base of the driving jet there is already an intensive mixture formation.

Abstract: The rotary piston machine contains a rotor (22) having a plurality of sector-shaped chambers (30). Each chamber (30) houses a flap piston being swivelingly mounted and reciprocated synchroneously with the rotation of the rotor (22). By each of the double acting flap pistons (32) two working compartments are confined, and always two adjacent flap pistons (32) are driven in counterphase to one another. The adjoining working compartments of adjacent piston chambers (30) are commonly connected to inlet and outlet aperture slots (44) in the periphery of the rotor (22). The inlet and outlet ports (42) and ducts (A,B,C,D,E) are provided in the stator (21) around the periphery of the rotor (22).

Abstract: In the ignition and starting phase of a high pressure combustion chamber device enables the flow velocity in the combustion pipe of the combustion chamber (21) to be reduced by the blocking air injected in counterflow through a slot nozzle in the narrowest cross section at the combustion chamber outlet (17) to such an extent that it is less than the flame propagation velocity. Owing to the fact that an adjustable throttle aperture (18) is fitted in the starting air line (16), during the starting process the pressure of the air jet issuing from the combustion chamber (21) is always less than the blocking air flow.

Abstract: A sensor of rotational velocity on the basis of a ring laser having an external radiation path including one corner mirror of the active resonance space which is transparent to the radiation of the active resonance space and at least two corner mirrors in the external radiation path between which there is arranged a magnetically excited body consisting of a material with a magnetooptical effect to act as a bias element for the production of a phase shift. The corner mirror of the active resonance space which leads to the external radiation path has a transparency of at maximum 5% and the magnetically excited body consists of a material which can be magnetized to saturation. The body is, preferably, a Faraday cell which is constructed from a ferromagnetic compound, in particular a garnet compound.

Abstract: A sample of material which is to be exposed to a hot gas corrosion is suspended in a pipe and is irradiated with heat radiation through parabolic mirrors through the pipe. Beneath the sample of material, there is found a thermocouple element which is also arranged along the focusing line. The substance stimulating corrosion is provided in a crucible furnace which is heated separately. Through a gas connection, gas or steam is supplied in order to generate the atmosphere stimulating corrosion in the pipe. The variations in weight of the sample of material are continuously measured with a balance.

Abstract: All elements of the apparatus are mounted on a common base plate which can e housed as a module in a container. A high voltage source and an X-ray radiation source are provided in common in an angular housing. In the vicinity of the free end of the angular housing which end is averted from the high voltage source, a recording unit is positioned which consists substantially of a miniature camera housed in a protective casing with a motor for the film transport, and a film magazine. By this means, there is obtained, with the least space requirement, a distance as long as possible between the X-ray radiation source and the sample holder or recording unit.

Abstract: In order to avoid contamination of a bombarding plasma jet by the products f cathode erosion in a plasma gun having a cathode and an anode, with which a connecting plasma is produced which strikes vertically onto the bombarding plasma jet and flows through a cooled duct between the cathode and the bombarding plasma jet, it is suggested that the cathode should be located in an enclosed cavity, the duct emerging from a wall of this cavity and the cathode being laterally offset relative to the inlet port to the duct, and that a gas supply line should open into the duct between the inlet port and the end of the duct facing the bombarding plasma jet, gas being supplied through this supply line as a substitute for the deposited cathode material in order to maintain a substantially constant particle density in the connecting plasma.

Abstract: A device for the pick-up of measured values having a frame forming a first measurement reference and an element movable relatively to the frame and forming a second measurement reference. The device includes a carrier connected to the element forming the second measurement reference and a mechanical/electrical conversion system connected between the frame and the carrier. The conversion system produces a magnetic field directed at right angles to the direction of movement of the carrier and has at least one air gap within which the carrier is arranged to move at right angles to the magnetic field. Two pairs of field plates are arranged in the air gap and when the carrier is moved the extent of penetration of the pairs of the field plates by the magnetic field is changed. The device also includes a bridge circuit by which the field plates are connected. The bridge circuit includes in one diagonal thereof a device for the display of measured values and is connected across the other diagonal thereof to a d.c.

Abstract: A steering and stabilization system for an aircraft or other vehicle including a device, for the determination of attitude of the vehicle, in which three, or alternatively, two magnetometers are mounted in the vehicle with respect to the direction of its fore-and-aft axis to determine each co-ordinate of a set of three orthogonal co-ordinates of attitude of the vehicle and in which the orthogonal co-ordinates determined by the magnetometers are transformed into respective geodetic co-ordinates.

Abstract: A carriage with advantageous flow characteristics for vehicles, especially utomobiles, with a passenger compartment that has a more or less rectangular cross-section (13) and at least one sloping windshield (11). To reduce flow resistance the width of the body in front of and/or in back of the passenger compartment (13) varies in relation to its change in height in such a way that only a small flow around edge (flow across the upper longitudinal edge) occurs without any flow separation at all or with only insignificant separation.

Abstract: In a semi-active system for suppressing external load-carrying wing flutter in aircraft, the carrying wing (1) is provided with one or more external loads (2), and the suspension of the external load (2) on the carrying wing (1) about an axis is arranged at right angles to the plane of symmetry of the aircraft. The external load (2) is mounted to pivot about the axis (3). A spring is provided between the carrying wing (1) and the external load (2); however, it is constructed, to take up the stationary and quasi-stationary moments, as a linear spring (7) with relatively great stiffness and permitting only small spring excursions. A further spring (8) is arranged in parallel with spring (7) and is constructed to be nonlinear and also to have negative stiffness and passage through zero in the region of the negative stiffness. The springs (7 and 8) form a spring system of small stiffness in and about the operating point defined by the passage through zero of the nonlinear spring (8) and the stationary moments.

Abstract: According to the method in the two-fuel system, using diesel and alcohol l, the alcohol fuel is continuously supplied with a fuel pump and the diesel fuel is discontinuously supplied with an injection pump by way of separate lines of an injection apparatus. An apparatus, which is suitable for carrying out the method, has a nozzle body (10) with the fluid-controlled needle valves (17; 18a; 18b) which are operated after the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is adjusted at the pressure springs (19; 20a; 20b), is reached by the diesel fuel conveyed through the ring conduit (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14a; 14b), in which case the opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) is constantly adjusted to a lower value in respect of the satellite needle valves (18a; 18b).

Abstract: The injection device has a nozzle body (10) wherein the liquid-controlled edle valves (17; 18) are opened by the diesel fuel supplied by an injection pump via the annular line (12) and the pressure channels (13; 14) when the opening pressure p.sub.o, which is set at the pressure springs (19; 20) by way of the pressure adjusting discs (21; 22), is reached. In this connection the two needle valves (17; 18) can be opened and closed at different times within certain limits so that at a relatively low opening pressure p.sub.o for the needle valve (17) relative to the needle valve (18) the diesel fuel issuing through the spray aperture (24) into the combustion chamber (25) serves during the entire injection period as ignition jet for the alcohol fuel issuing from one or more spray apertures (29).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the representation of video images or scenes, in particular aerial images with a relative movement between a pick-up sensor and the scene transmitted at reduced frame rate. Intermediate frames are reconstructed to be inserted between two transmitted frames, said reproduction starting from a small number of distinct corresponding reference points in the two transmitted frames, said reference points being situated in different vertical and horizontal coordinates within each of said two transmitted frames, and being determined by correlation of image point location within said transmitted frames calculating for each picture element in said intermediate frames the locations of the corresponding picture elements in each of said two transmitted frames and determining the value of the intensity for each picture element of said intermediate frame by interpolation and/or extrapolation and issuing said value.

Abstract: A device is described which operates with pyrotechnic charges to release nts under load effected between a plurality of constructional components and including bolts acted on by transverse forces. An example of such a device is for the separation of the rotor blades of a helicopter in order to be able to eject the crew upwards from the helicopter by an escape system without danger on failure of the helicopter to fly. The bolts of the joint are connected to a housing having a cylindrical bore of which the axis lies substantially in the direction of the resultant of the forces necessary to release the joint by extracting the bolts. On one of the constructional components there is a piston which supports itself on said component and engages in a cylindrical bore of the housing. The pyrotechnic charge is situated in the space between the end of the piston and the base of the cylinder bore. An ignition device for the pyrotechnic charge is provided on the housing.

Abstract: Laser beams are modulated by ultrasonic pulses transmitted through gaseous media as a means of determining flow field patterns and temperatures without disturbing the test media.