Abstract: Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic skin treatment, including the removal of hair. Devices include pulsed light sources such as flashlamps for providing electromagnetic treatment of the skin, including hair removal. The devices and methods provide for the removal of large numbers of hairs at the same time, rather than on a hair by hair basis.

Abstract: An apparatus for in situ saphenous vein bypass includes an operating catheter which includes an optical fiber and an electrode, and a control catheter which includes a valvulotome. The operating catheter and control catheter are locked together and advanced through an incision in the leg. The catheters are closely spaced from each other, on opposite sides of a valve to be disrupted. Then, the valvulotome is manipulated to disrupt the valve, the electrode is manipulated to stanch blood flow from the valve and to close off side branches, and both procedures are viewed by means of the optical fiber. The valves of the saphenous vein are thusly disrupted in sequence, and the side branches to the saphenous vein closed off, to thereby modify the saphenous vein in situ for arterial use. In alternate embodiments, the electrode is used with delivery catheters to stop blood flow through a side branch or varicose vein. The electrode includes an embedded temperature sensor for sensing electrode temperature.

Abstract: A therapeutic treatment device is disclosed and includes a housing and an incoherent light source such as a flashlamp disposed in the housing. The flashlamp provides a pulsed light output for treatment of external skin disorders. To provide light to the treatment area the housing has an opening that is disposed adjacent a skin treatment area. A reflector is mounted within the housing near proximate the light source to reflect the light to the treatment area. At least one optical filter and an iris are mounted near the opening in the housing. Power to the lamp is provided by a pulse forming circuit that can provide a variable pulse width.

Abstract: A method for determining an optimal plan of sessions for hair removal treatment. The method includes the steps of receiving information about a hair growth cycle duration of a person to be treated, a duration of the Anagen stage of the person and at least one parameter of a device to be used for performing the treatment, and processing the received information thereby determining at least one of the group including the optimal number of hair removal tretament sessions and the optimal delay between sessions of the treatment.

Abstract: A laser treatment method is provided which removes vascular and pigmented lesions from the skin of a living human. The methodology involves a carefully designed treatment protocol utilizing a modified optical apparatus. The apparatus is a modified diode laser system, designed for optimal therapeutic selectivity.

Abstract: A method of laser surgery, comprising the steps of selecting lasers whose output radiation has appropriate extinction lengths in the tissue to be ablated, coagulated, and/or shrunk, and directing radiation from those lasers coaxially and substantially simultaneously at the tissue.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating skin includes applying pulsed light to the skin to heat and shrinking collagen within the skin, thereby reviving the elasticity of the collagen and of the skin. The epidermis and outer layers of the skin may be protected by cooling with a transparent substance, such as ice or gel, to the skin. The temperature distribution within the skin is controlled by controlling the delay between the time the coolant is applied, and the time the light is applied, by controlling the pulse duration and applying multiple pulses, and by filtering the light and controlling the radiation spectrum, preferably, the spectrum includes light having a wavelength in the range of 600-1200 nm. The pulsed light may be incoherent, such as that produced by a flashlamp, or coherent, such as that produced by a Nd(Yag) laser or a ruby laser, and may be directed to the skin using a flexible or rigid light guide.

Abstract: A surgical laser system is provided with improvements to allow it to operate at higher power levels without beam divergence. The improvements include a beam expansion telescope in the optical path of the beam and modifications to the optical cavity and the lasing medium. The modifications include imposing a negative curvature on one or both ends of the rod, configuring the optical cavity as a positive-branch unstable resonator, and providing at least one intra-cavity shutter.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing hair is disclosed. The method includes the step of producing a plurality of pulses of incoherent electromagnetic energy. The delay between pulses is in the range of 0.1 msec to 100 msec. The incoherent electromagnetic energy is then coupled to an area of surface of the tissue that includes more than one hair follicle. One or more filters are used to provide energy having a wavelength selected in accordance with the color of the hair. The method may alternatively include the step of applying a gel on a surface of the tissue to cool the tissue. The energy heats the hairs and hair follicles, without heating the tissue. The apparatus includes a source of pulsed incoherent electromagnetic energy. The source is located within a housing, and a coupler directs the incoherent electromagnetic energy to the surface of the tissue.

Abstract: Hair removal by using an Alexandrite laser emitting energy between 0.2-40 joules per pulse to provide an energy fluence between 15 and 70 joules per centimeter square and having a pulse duration of between 100 microseconds and 10 milliseconds. A scanner may be used to direct the laser beam on the tissue. The skin in the area to be irradiated may be shaved prior to exposure to laser treatment and may be also covered by a protective substance serving as a heat sink.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for tracking the operation of a light beam, preferably a laser light beam, which operates to treat the skin of the patient. The apparatus includes plurality of markings in accordance with the light beam impinges on the locations to be treated. The apparatus including the plurality of markings may be a cooling apparatus which also cools the skin during the treatment.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus for monitoring an image of a treatment site and the spectral emissions from a portion of that region is provided. A CCD camera and spectrometer coupled to a housing can be directed toward an opening in the housing. This opening can be placed near a treatment site so that an image of the treatment site and a spectral measurement of the treatment site can be measured at the same time.

Abstract: A method is provided for cooling skin during irradiation treatment including thermally coupling a window to the skin and actively extracting heat from the window. The window may be transparent to therapeutic wavelengths transmitted to and through the window and to the skin below. An apparatus for therapeutic treatment of skin tissue is provided, including a source of electromagnetic radiation, a window transparent to the radiation coupled to the skin being treated to remove heat from the skin, coolant fluid coupled to the window to extract heat from the window, and a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the coolant to remove thermal energy from the coolant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating psoriasis includes a source of incoherent electromagnetic energy. The energy is directed to a region of tissue to be treated. The pulse duration and the number of pulses may be selected to control treatment parameters such as the heating of healthy tissue and the penetration depth of the energy to optimize the treatment. Also, the radiation may be filtered to control the radiation spectrum and penetration depth. The filtering may include attenuating an UV portion of the radiation spectrum and portions of the spectrum below a desired treatment bandwidth. A light guide for large or small spot sizes may be used to direct the light to the skin. A cooling gel is applied to the skin to be treated in another embodiment. The gel may be cooled either before or after it is applied to the skin.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining skin lesion parameters comprise directing light to the skin in which the lesion is located and monitoring the reflection of that light. Then, the spatial and spectral distribution of the reflected light is analyzed. The depth is determined by finding a location where the difference between a spectral intensity of reflected light and an average reflected intensity is greater than a maximal difference between the intensity of each point and an average intensity for normal skin. The wavelength of the light reflected from the location is determined, and from the wavelength the penetration depth is determined. The penetration depth is also the depth of the lesion below the skin surface. The size is determined by determining a plurality of locations where the deviation between the spectral intensity and the average intensity is greater than the maximal deviation for normal skin. Based on the spatial distribution of the locations the size of the lesion is determined.

Abstract: A therapeutic treatment device is disclosed and includes a housing and an incoherent light source such as a flashlamp disposed in the housing. The flashlamp provides a pulsed light output for treatment of external skin disorders. To provide light to the treatment area the housing has an opening that is disposed adjacent a skin treatment area. A reflector is mounted within the housing near proximate the light source to reflect the light to the treatment area. At least one optical filter and an iris are mounted near the opening in the housing. Power to the lamp is provided by a pulse forming circuit that can provide a variable pulse width.

Abstract: The invention includes a method for the hyperthermic treatment of tumors including the steps of providing a pulsed radiation output from a radiation source; and directing said pulsed radiation output toward a tumor. The invention further includes an apparatus for the treatment of tumors having a radiation source adapted to produce broad-band pulsed radiation output at least in the visible and near-infrared range of wavelengths, a delivery system proximal to the radiation source and adapted to focus and direct the pulsed radiation output to a dermal treatment site, and a filtering system adapted to restrict the pulsed radiation output to bands in the visible and near-infrared range of wavelengths.

Abstract: A therapeutic treatment method includes the steps of providing a pulsed incoherent light output for treatment, directing the pulsed light output to a treatment area, transmitting the pulsed light output through the epidermis at the treatment area, heating the epidermis to a temperature below the temperature at which the epidermis is damaged, and coagulating blood in blood vessels disposed below the epidermis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a therapeutic treatment device having a light source controlled by a microprocessor that can receive parameters for treatment that can hold treatment parameters and information about the patient, including a photograph of the patient either before or after treatment. The device may also display temperature distributions in the patient's tissue or blood vessels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved apparatus for a therapeutic treatment of malignant solid tumors, consisting of a combined photodynamic therapy and hyperthermic treatment, said apparatus comprising a lamp possessing a narrow beam light, a mirror, an optical glass lenses system, a dicroic filter, a glass fiber optics bundle and an effective air-cooling system. This apparatus provides the administration of between 100 to 150 mw/cm.sup.2 of red radiation in the range of between 600 to 750 nm band at a temperature of up to 46.degree. C. Clinical results from three different hospitals show that by using this apparatus a success of more than 85% was achieved even after one single treatment.