Abstract: The invention relates to a method of joining substrates. It is the object of the invention in this respect to join substrates of substrate materials together without having to exert an increased effort for a coating with additional coating processes to be carried out and to be able to achieve a good quality of the join connection in so doing. In the method in accordance with the invention a pretreatment of at least one join surface of a substrate to be joined is carried out in low pressure oxygen plasma prior to the actual joining. On the joining, a contact force acts on the substrates to be joined in the range 2 kPa to 5 MPa and in this process a heat treatment is carried out at an elevated temperature of at least 100° C. and at under pressure conditions of a maximum of 10 mbar, preferably <10?3 mbar.

Abstract: Biologically active nucleotide molecules are configured, with the nucleotide sequence thereof, to be able to trigger several, in particular a plurality of “off-target” effects to cause cell-killing stress by means of binding of same, by means of which off-target effects cells are so massively influenced that the cells die off or programmed cell death (apoptosis) is induced in the cells.

Abstract: A method for non-invasive observations of a fundus using an ophthalmoscope is provided. The method includes illuminating a retinal region of an eye by projecting an illumination pattern of illumination light onto the retinal region, at least one of detecting a portion of fluorescent light emitted from the retinal region and detecting a portion of illumination light reflected from the retinal region, thereby capturing a series of images of the retinal region at a plurality of different relative positions of the retinal region with respect to the illumination pattern projected onto the retinal region, wherein between the capturing of at least two images of the series the relative position of the retinal region with respect to the illumination pattern projected onto the retinal region is shifted in a non-controlled manner, and processing the captured images to extract a sub-resolution image of the retinal region.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical amplifier arrangement for amplifying ultra-short pulsed laser radiation comprising a mode-locked laser (1) and two or more optical amplifiers (3) arranged downstream of the laser (1) in the propagation direction of the laser radiation. Optical amplifier arrangements of this type are known in the prior art. Here the intention is to present an alternative to the known amplifier arrangements. The invention proposes arranging between the laser (1) and the optical amplifiers (3) at least one splitting element (2) which splits the pulsed laser radiation between a plurality of amplifier channels (4), wherein each amplifier channel (4) has at least one optical amplifier (3), and wherein at least one common combination element (5) is disposed downstream of the amplifier channels (4) and coherently superimposes the pulsed laser radiation amplified in the amplifier channels (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating azimuthally or radially polarized radiation by means of an optical waveguide (1), wherein the optical waveguide (1) has a structure which is suitable for conducting azimuthally or radially polarized modes (5, 7). The invention proposes that the azimuthally or radially polarized modes (5, 7) in the optical waveguide (1) have different effective refractive indices and, within the optical waveguide (1), a narrow-band grating (2) is arranged, in particular a fiber Bragg grating (2) which is designed such that the spectral distance between two azimuthally or radially polarized resonant modes (5, 7) is equal to or greater than the associated spectral bandwidth.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: Cell-specifically active nucleotide molecules and application kit for the use thereof. The problem to be solved was to modify long molecules in such a way that, by chemical modifications, their biological function is reliably inactivated and can be completely reactivated in a cell-specific manner. According to the invention several peptides or polymers are bound to nucleotide molecules in such a way that theft spatial structure is modified to to such a degree that their biological function is no longer ensured or that molecules which normally anneal to the nucleic acids can no longer access the nucleic acids. Said molecules are used in particular for cell-specifically influencing cells by introduction of nucleic acids.

Abstract: Biologically active molecules are inactivated for selective activation by target cells by being covalently bonded to one or more peptides each of which has one or more specific amino acid sequences that are selected in respect of enzymes cell-specific for target cells. The bonds, which are broken exclusively by the enzymes cell-specific for the target cells in order to biologically activate the molecules, allow the molecules to remain biologically inactive in cells other than the target cells. The molecules are used for influencing gene expression of preferably sick and infected organs or cells, for example.

Abstract: A biologically inactivated cell-specifically effective molecule for biologically inactive transfection into a target cell to inhibit expression of genes in the target cell after biological activation of the molecule, by bonding to mRNA and with the formation of a RISC complex, the biologically inactivated cell-specifically effective molecule comprising siRNA coupled with at least one peptide via a linker which remains at the siRNA after biological activation of the molecule, the linker comprising an amino Cn linker wherein n is an integer of 1-6. Kits include the molecule or the constituents thereof and transfection reagents in ampoules and injection equipment for injecting mixtures of the ampoule contents into a medium containing a target cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an optical assembly, comprising at least two optical functional surfaces arranged in a fixed positional relationship to one another on a common supporting structure, wherein by means of a processing machine, in various process steps, at least two optical functional surfaces and at least one reference structure having a defined and measurable relative position to the optical functional surfaces are produced. The supporting structure remains rigidly connected to the processing machine until said process steps have been completed, and wherein the optical functional surfaces are then measured relative to the at least one reference structure, and any deviation from a target shape and target position is determined, after which said process steps are repeated at least once with modified actuation of the processing machine. The invention further relates to an optical device comprising an optical assembly produced in this way and to a unit for carrying out such a method.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mounted optical component and also a method for the production of mounted optical components. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of mounted optical components.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and corresponding devices for reducing mode instability in an optical waveguide (1), a light signal becoming unstable in the optical waveguide (1) beyond an output power threshold and energy being transformed from a basic mode into higher order modes. The invention proposes a reduction in temperature variation (2) along the optical waveguide (1) and/or a reduction in changes in the optical waveguide (1) that are caused by spatial temperature variation as a result of mode interference.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical fiber as an optical waveguide for the single-mode operation. The present invention proposes a fiber having a microstructure, by which the propagation of modes of a higher order are selectively suppressed in the optical waveguide. At the same time, the propagation of transversal modes of a higher order is dampened more strongly than the propagation of the fundamental modes of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a double-sheath fiber having a core region (1) and a sheath region, the sheath region having an inner region (2) and an outer region (3), which comprises a refractive index that is lower with respect to that of the inner region (2) and the core region (1), wherein the outer region (3) surrounds the inner region (2). The invention proposes an internal structure (4) of the inner region (2) which effects a spatial overlap of modes of higher order with the core region (1), which is lower than the spatial overlap of a fundamental mode with the core region (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generation of electromagnetic radiation, having a pump light source that emits an excitation radiation at a first wavelength, and having an optical waveguide that generates frequency-converted radiation at a second and a third wavelength, by means of degenerate wave mixing, from the excitation radiation of the pump light source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser device (1) for amplifying and/or transporting electromagnetic radiation, comprising a radiation source (2) for generating the electromagnetic radiation and an amplifier (4) for amplifying or a medium for transporting the generated electromagnetic radiation. In order to make available a device (1) for amplifying or transporting electromagnetic radiation that provides a very easy to implement possibility for reducing the influence of non-linear effects, the electromagnetic radiation propagating in the amplifier (4) or medium is largely non-linearly polarized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and corresponding devices for reducing mode instability in an optical waveguide (1), a light signal becoming unstable in the optical waveguide (1) beyond an output power threshold and energy being transformed from a basic mode into higher order modes. The invention proposes a reduction in temperature variation (2) along the optical waveguide (1) and/or a reduction in changes in the optical waveguide (1) that are caused by spatial temperature variation as a result of mode interference.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser system with a passively Q-switched laser 1, a spectrally widening element 3, and a compression element 4. Laser systems of this kind are utilized for generating ultra-short laser pulses. Systems, mode-coupled solid-state lasers known from prior art allow for generating laser pulses in the sub-10 ps range only with complicated and alignment-sensitive free-beam arrangements. Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to create a laser system that generates pulse durations of less than 10 ps and which is simple and compact to produce at the same time. In order to achieve this object, the present invention proposes that the passively Q-switched laser 1 is provided with a longitudinally monomode output radiation which is spectrally widened by means of the spectrally widening element 3 by self-phase modulation and is temporally compressed by the compression element 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mode filter for reducing higher-order modes, with an optical fibre (1), which has a core (2) and a cladding (3) surrounding the latter, wherein the cladding (3) and core (2) have refractive indices that differ from one another. In order to develop an alternative to the prior art, the mode filter according to the invention is designed in such a manner that the fibre (1) has, in a transition region (4) between core (2) and cladding (3), at least one local refractive index modification region (5) which is arranged in the radially outer region of the core (2) and extends into the region of the cladding (3).