Abstract: The present invention relates to a buffer composition for promoting production of calcitriol or calcifediol, and a method for producing calcitriol or calcifediol using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a buffer composition for promoting production of calcitriol or calcifediol comprising a metallic compound, an organic solvent, cyclodextrin, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, sodium succinate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, and water, and a method for producing calcitriol or calcifediol using the same. In the method for producing calcitiriol or calcifediol, the production yield of calcitriol or calcifediol is high, and the bioconversion is carried out in an enzyme reaction system instead of in a microorganism culture system. Thus, it is not required to maintain a sterile state. Also, the separation/purification following the completion of a biocatalytic reaction can be carried out in a cleaner state than the microorganism culture method.

Abstract: The invention provides novel cephalosporin derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## and salts thereof for use in pharmaceutical compositions. Also novel precursors for synthesis of the cephalosporins are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new cephalosporin compounds of the formula (I), particularly 3-position of cephem rings thereof substituted with new thione compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have broad antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the said compounds can be prepared by reacting the compounds of the formula (II) with the new thione compounds of the formula (III). ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl(preferably methyl or ethyl), C.sub.3-4 alkenyl(preferably allyl), C.sub.3-4 alkynyl (preferably propargyl) group or --C(R.sup.a) (R.sup.b)CO.sub.2 H(preferably --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CO.sub.2 H or --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.b, same or different, are a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group;R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-4 alkyl(preferably methyl or ethyl), C.sub.3-4 alkenyl(preferably allyl), C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl(preferably cyclopropyl) group or carboxyalkyl(preferably --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H) group;R.sub.

Abstract: Transdermal gels comprising (1) ketoprofen as an effective component, (2) poloxamer, (3) one or more agents selected from ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and glycerin, (4) one or more agents selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol and menthol, (5) water or a buffer solution. The gels form thin and pliable films, which are easily washable with water. They possess prolonged antiinflammatory and analgesic activities and physicochemical stability with less systemic side effects and gastric irritation.