Abstract: A digital television (DTV) receiving system includes a known data detector, and a channel impulse response (CIR) estimator, a CIR calculator, a coefficient calculator, and a multiplier. The known data detector detects positions of known data and field sync data included in a data group. The CIR estimator estimates CIRs of the data included in the data group using the detected positions of the field sync data and the known data. The CIR calculator performs interpolation or extrapolation based on a characteristic of each data region included in the data group. The coefficient calculator calculates equalization coefficients using the estimated CIRs, and the multiplier multiplies the data in the data group with the coefficients.

Abstract: Provided is a method of selecting test stimuli for use in evaluating performance of a video watermarking algorithm, including the steps of: calculating an image complexity rate (ICR) for each of a plurality of test stimulus candidates and classifying them into L (where L is an integer more than or equal to 2) levels based on the calculated ICR values; calculating an energy distribution rate (EDR) for each of the plurality of test stimulus candidates, and classifying them into M (where M is an integer more than or equal to 2) levels based on the calculated EDR values; calculating a motion rate (MR) for each of the plurality of test stimulus candidates and classifying them into N (where N is an integer more than or equal to 2) levels of the calculated MR values; and selecting at least one test stimulus from each of the L levels, M levels, the N levels of the test stimuli, respectively.

Abstract: A light emitting diode is disclosed, wherein the light extraction efficiency of a device can be enhanced by forming patterns on a substrate, a light emitting structure is formed on the substrate formed with the patterns, the substrate is removed from the light emitting structure, and patterns corresponding to those formed on the substrate are formed on the light emitting structure.

Abstract: A backlight includes a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a container for receiving the same and a liquid crystal display, device having the container. The lamp includes a lamp tube, a first electrode having a first end disposed inside the lamp tube and a second end disposed outside the lamp tube and a second electrode plated on an outer surface of the lamp tube. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp is easily coupled/separated to/from the container having a clip type power-supplying module in a clip-coupling manner. In addition, a shock absorbing member is installed at the clip type power-supplying module so as to absorb an impact applied to the cold cathode fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: Inspection of rolling stock (e.g., rail vehicles) traveling along a set of rails is performed using devices that are placed in a housing that is attached to the set of rails. The housing conforms to standard width, height, and load bearing requirements for a railroad tie. As such, the housing can be readily installed and allows for the continued use of standard railroad maintenance equipment. One or more sensing devices are attached to the housing and acquire evaluation data on component(s) of the rail vehicle, such as the wheels. A computing device can evaluate a condition of the component(s) using the evaluation data.

Abstract: A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system includes a first calculator for calculating pairwise error rates (PERs) for each modulation scheme combination which comprise elements smaller than or equal to receive antennas in number; a second calculator for calculating symbol error rates (SERs) for the each modulation scheme combination using the PERs; a converter for converting the SERs to effective signal to noise ratios (SNRs); and a determiner for determining one among sets of effective SNR per stream acquired from the modulation scheme combinations, as a final effective SNR per stream.

Abstract: A fusing device and an image forming apparatus having the same. The fusing device can include a fusing belt, a heat source disposed in an interior of the fusing belt, a supporting member to support at least a portion of an inner peripheral surface of the fusing belt, a press member mounted while opposing the fusing belt to form a fusing nip, and a nip forming part formed with an opening portion to enable heat emitted from the heat source to be transferred to the fusing belt at a position corresponding to the fusing nip. The nip forming part can have at least one gap maintaining part to prevent change of a gap of the opening portion. The nip forming part is provided at the supporting member or a nip forming member mounted between the heat source and the supporting member. Accordingly, a temperature of the fusing belt can rise quickly by directly heating the fusing belt, and deterioration of fusing performance due to deformation of the nip forming member can be prevented.

Abstract: A semiconductor device of the present invention has a first-conductivity-type substrate having second-conductivity-type base regions exposed to a first surface thereof; trench gates provided to a first surface of the substrate; first-conductivity-type source regions formed shallower than the base regions; a plurality of second-conductivity-type column regions located between two adjacent trench gates in a plan view, while being spaced from each other in a second direction normal to the first direction; the center of each column region and the center of each base contact region fall on the center line between two trench gates; and has no column region formed below the trench gates.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the power consumption of power-consuming devices. A remote device manager transmits power save schedules to a local device manager over a communication network such as the internet. The local device manager transmits power save commands to one or more devices in a location such as a store, over a dedicated local communication network. The commands instruct one or more devices to activate or de-activate its power save mode according to the power save schedules. The commands could be dependent upon one or more trigger events.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus for controlling power management of a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a power management system and method using the same. The power management system includes a command decoding device for decoding a program into which a PSM (Power Saving Mode) command and a general command are inserted and transmitting module information required for execution of a corresponding command to a power management control apparatus at the time of decoding the corresponding command; a pipeline control device for blocking and restarting the transmission of data through a pipeline upon receipt of a pipeline control signal (pipeline stall) from the power management control device; and the power management control apparatus for controlling power in respective modules by setting/resetting corresponding bits of a PSM status register and a PSM flag register in accordance with the PSM command and the general command decoded in the command decoding device.

Abstract: An ink set includes an ink composition including an encapsulated black pigment in which a black pigment is coated with a polymer resin.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting a speech signal are provided. A speech signal transmitter includes a quadrature mirror filter, a base sub-band encoder, an enhancement sub-band encoder, and a network connector. The quadrature mirror filter receives a speech signal, divides the speech signal into an enhancement band speech signal and a base band speech signal, and outputs the enhancement band speech signal and the base band speech signal. The base sub-band encoder receives and encodes the base band speech signal. The enhancement sub-band encoder receives and encodes the enhancement band speech signal. The network connector multiplexes the encoded enhancement band speech signal and the encoded base band speech signal based on the kinds of networks over which speech signals are transmitted, and transmits the multiplexed signals to the networks. A speech signal is multiplexed and transmitted by various methods based on the kinds of networks. Thus, the speech signal can be efficiently transmitted.

Abstract: A digital information receiving apparatus and method in which a receiver receives a digital signal including a video signal and an audio signal, wherein the received video signal is bit-compressed by a first compression method and the received audio signal is bit-expanded by a second compression method which is different from the first compression method, a demodulator demodulates the received digital signal, and an expander bit-expands the demodulated digital signal.

Abstract: Provided is a data input device which is employed in a portable terminal and used as an auxiliary input device. The data input device includes first data input means mounted on a predetermined position of a side surface of the main body of the portable terminal so that a portion of the first data input means is exposed to the outside, and operating when the exposed portion is rotated; second data input means operating when the exposed portion is pressed; a holding unit for maintaining a stopped state of the first data input means; and an elastic sliding unit for returning the second data input means to an initial position.

Abstract: A storage interfacing method and apparatus for a mobile terminal are disclosed. The storage interfacing method utilizes a plurality of storage devices. The method includes identifying the storage devices, detecting an occurrence of an access request event to one of the identified storage devices, determining whether the access-requested storage device is an access-selected storage device, and performing, if the access-requested storage device is an access-selected storage device, a data transfer operation associated with the access request event on the access-selected storage device without access initialization and access-selection. The apparatus includes a first storage device supporting a MultiMediaCard (MMC) interface, a second storage device compatible with the MMC interface, and a control unit for controlling the first and second storage devices, according to the MMC interface, through control and data buses shared by the first and second storage devices.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, including a MOSFET, has a plurality of transistor cell regions disposed in a semiconductor substrate. A source electrode of the MOSFET is disposed over a main surface of the semiconductor substrate and is in contact with a top surface of a source region in each of the plurality of transistor cell regions. A drain electrode of the MOSFET is a disposed over a back surface of the semiconductor substrate and is electrically connected to the semiconductor substrate. A Schottky cell region is disposed between the plurality of transistor cell regions in the semiconductor substrate. The source electrode is in contact with a part of the main surface of the semiconductor so as to form a Schottky junction in the Schottky cell region.