Abstract: A crystal quartz element includes a main face provided with a plurality of polarity inverted regions and a polarity non-inverted region, the plurality of polarity inverted regions are spaced apart from each other via the polarity non-inverted region, and the main face is a plane face. A method for manufacturing a crystal quartz element includes: preparing a crystal quartz body including a first main face which is a plane face, and a first pressing jig including a first pressing face on which a plurality of first projections are provided; and forming a plurality of polarity inverted regions corresponding to the plurality of first projections in the crystal quartz body by heating and pressing the first main face by the first pressing face.

Abstract: An optical element according to an embodiment includes: a substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface and formed of single crystal, ceramic, or glass; and a heat sink bonded to the second main surface and having a refractive index lower than that of the first substrate, wherein a waveguide is formed in the substrate, wherein each of a pair of side surfaces of the waveguide in a direction intersecting with an extending direction of the waveguide and a thickness direction of the substrate is a modified surface obtained by modifying the substrate, and wherein the modified surface extends from the first main surface to the second main surface.

Abstract: An optical isolator according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a first polarizer through which incident light transmits, a Faraday rotator configured to rotate the polarization direction of the light, and a second polarizer through which the light transmits. The Faraday rotator includes a calcium fluoride crystal. When a, b, and c axes are the [001], [100], and [010] crystallographic axes, respectively, and x, y, and z axes are obtained by rotating the three axes by a first angle of 40° to 50° about the c axis and by a second angle of 45° to 75° about the b axis rotated by the first angle, the z axis is parallel to the propagation direction of the light, and the calcium fluoride crystal is disposed such that the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the x axis have an angle difference of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: An optical isolator includes a first polarizer arranged such that a transmission axis thereof is set to cause a normalized transmittance with respect to incident light having a wavelength of ultraviolet and linear polarization to be 0.9 or more, a Faraday rotator using a Faraday material configured to rotate a polarization direction of light having transmitted through the first polarizer in a first rotation direction by a first rotation amount by a magnetic field and rotate the polarization direction in a second rotation direction opposite to the first rotation direction by a second rotation amount by optical activity or birefringence, and a second polarizer arranged such that a transmission axis thereof is set to cause a normalized transmittance with respect to the incident light having transmitted through the Faraday rotator to be 0.9 or more.

Abstract: An ultraviolet laser apparatus includes an oscillation-stage laser, an amplifier that amplifies the pulse laser light, and an optical isolator. The optical isolator includes a first Faraday rotator that rotates the polarization direction of the pulse laser light output from the oscillation-stage laser by a first angle in a first rotation direction, a first polarizer so disposed to transmit the pulse laser light that exits out of the first Faraday rotator at normalized transmittance greater than or equal to 0.9, a second Faraday rotator that rotates the polarization direction of the pulse laser light passing through the first polarizer by a second angle in the opposite direction to the first rotation direction, and a second polarizer so disposed to transmit the pulse laser light that exits out of the second Faraday rotator at the normalized transmittance greater than or equal to 0.9.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a chamber, a light beam generation apparatus, and a photodetector. The light beam generation apparatus includes a light source, an optical mask, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The optical mask includes an inner region having a rectangular shape with a side parallel to a first direction or a second direction, and an outer region surrounding the inner region. When an xy coordinate system including an x axis parallel to the first direction and a y axis parallel to the second direction is set on an image plane, the light beam generation apparatus forms and regularly arranges focusing spots such that a minimum value of a difference between x coordinate values and a minimum value of a difference between y coordinate values of center positions of the focusing spots are longer than a non-overlapping distance.

Abstract: A forward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating a laser signal using a forward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from a base to a remote station. A backward microwave phase modulation signal, in which frequency of the forward microwave phase modulation signal is changed by demodulating the forward optical intensity modulation signal, is generated, and a backward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating the laser signal using the backward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from the remote station to the base. The backward microwave phase modulation signal is extracted by photoelectric converting the backward optical intensity modulation signal, a round trip timing is extracted by demodulating the backward microwave phase modulation signal, and transmission delay is determined from a difference between the timing and the round trip timing.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a chamber, a light beam generation apparatus, and a photodetector. The light beam generation apparatus includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. Each of pixels of the spatial light modulator has a rectangular shape with a side parallel to a first direction or a second direction, and the pixels are arranged at regular intervals along the first direction and the second direction. When an xy coordinate system including an x axis parallel to the first direction and a y axis parallel to the second direction is set on an image plane, the light beam generation apparatus forms and regularly arranges focusing spots such that a minimum value of a difference between x coordinate values and a minimum value of a difference between y coordinate values of center positions of the focusing spots are longer than a non-overlapping distance.

Abstract: A chirality detector of the present invention for detecting chirality of chiral material, includes: a first electrode and a second electrode that are configured to apply a voltage to a subject containing the chiral material; a spin detection layer configured to be in contact with the subject; a power supply; and a control section. The power supply and the control section are configured to generate an electric field at the subject by applying the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. The control section is configured to detect a voltage generated in the spin detection layer in a direction that goes across a direction of the electric field or a voltage generated between the spin detection layer and the subject, and also is configured to detect chirality of the chiral material on the basis of the detected voltage.

Abstract: An optical oscillator includes a first reflection part configured to reflect light of a first wavelength, a laser medium excited by excitation light of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength and configured to emit light of the first wavelength, a second reflection part configured to form an unstable resonator together with the first reflection part, the unstable resonator being configured to output annular laser light of the first wavelength, and a saturable absorption part disposed between the laser medium and the second reflection part and of which a transmittance increases with absorption of light of the first wavelength. When a power of the excitation light is indicated by Pp (kW), and an inner diameter of the annular laser light is indicated by di, and an outer diameter is indicated by do, and do/di is a magnification m, the magnification m satisfies a0+a1 Log(Pp)?m?b0+b1Pp+b2Pp2.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof as a compound effective for preventing and/or treating fibrosis, the compound being represented by formula (1) (wherein A is an optionally substituted benzene ring; B is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom; of Y is a single or double bond when Y is a carbon atom, or of Y is a single bond when Y is a nitrogen atom; each R1 independently represents lower alkyl, or two R1s may be bound to each other to form a spiro ring or a crosslinked structure, or two R1s may be bound to each other to form a saturated fused heterocycle together with nitrogen and carbon atoms constituting a ring containing Y; p is 0, 1, or 2; or (R1)p is oxo).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical element is a method for manufacturing an optical element in which laser light is transmitted, reciprocated, or reflected, and the method includes a first step of obtaining a bonded element formed by subjecting a first element part and a second element part, both being transparent to laser light, to surface activated bonding with a non-crystalline layer interposed therebetween; and after the first step, a second step of crystallizing at least a portion of the non-crystalline layer by raising the temperature of the bonded element. In the second step, the temperature of the bonded element is raised to a predetermined temperature that is lower than the melting points of the first element part and the second element part.

Abstract: A laser device according to one embodiment includes a laser light source configured to output pulsed laser light L1 and a pulse width control unit configured to amplify the pulsed laser light output from the laser light source, change a pulse width of the pulsed laser light, and output the pulsed laser light. The pulse width control unit includes a first laser amplifier configured to amplify the pulsed laser light and a pulse waveform manipulation unit disposed between the first laser amplifier and the laser light source and configured to manipulate a pulse waveform of the pulsed laser light.

Abstract: A crystal quartz element includes a main face provided with a plurality of polarity inverted regions and a polarity non-inverted region, the plurality of polarity inverted regions are spaced apart from each other via the polarity non-inverted region, and the main face is a plane face. A method for manufacturing a crystal quartz element includes: preparing a crystal quartz body including a first main face which is a plane face, and a first pressing jig including a first pressing face on which a plurality of first projections are provided; and forming a plurality of polarity inverted regions corresponding to the plurality of first projections in the crystal quartz body by heating and pressing the first main face by the first pressing face.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical element is a method for manufacturing an optical element in which laser light is transmitted, reciprocated, or reflected, and the method includes a first step of obtaining a bonded element formed by subjecting a first element part and a second element part, both being transparent to laser light, to surface activated bonding with a non-crystalline layer interposed therebetween; and after the first step, a second step of crystallizing at least a portion of the non-crystalline layer by raising the temperature of the bonded element. In the second step, the temperature of the bonded element is raised to a predetermined temperature that is lower than the melting points of the first element part and the second element part.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an adaptive optics system and an optical device that allow correction of wavefront phase aberration with higher accuracy than before and have a wider correction range than the conventional ones, regardless of the distance between the observation target and the fluctuation layer, and the size of the observation target. An adaptive optics system includes: a wavefront phase modulator that makes aberration correction to incident light and emits the corrected light; and an imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism that adjusts freely within a specimen the position of a surface imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation correction surface formed by the wavefront phase modulator. The imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism adjusts the fluctuation correction surface to be imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation layer existing in the specimen.

Abstract: A laser processing device according an embodiment is a laser processing device that irradiates a processing region of a workpiece with pulsed laser light through a liquid to subject the processing region to a laser peening process or a laser forming process. The laser processing device includes: a laser irradiation unit including a laser oscillator that outputs the pulsed laser light; and an accommodation unit that includes an injection port through which the liquid is injected to the processing region, and accommodates the laser irradiation unit. A pulse width of the pulsed laser light is 200 ps to 2 ns, and the pulsed laser light output from the laser oscillator is emitted to the processing region through a liquid that is injected from the injection port.

Abstract: An optical oscillator according to an embodiment includes a first reflecting portion that transmits light having a first wavelength and reflects light having a second wavelength different from the first wavelength, a second reflecting portion that forms an unstable resonator together with the first reflecting portion and reflect light having the second wavelength, a laser medium that is disposed between the first reflecting portion and the second reflecting portion and emits light having the second wavelength due to incidence of light having the first wavelength, and a saturable absorption portion disposed on a side opposite to the first reflecting portion when viewed from the laser medium in the one direction, the first reflecting portion includes an incidence surface on which light having the first wavelength is incident, on a side opposite to the laser medium, a size of the second reflecting portion is smaller than a size of the first reflecting portion when viewed in the one direction, at least a part of

Abstract: A laser ignition device includes an excitation light source that generates excitation light, and a pulsed laser oscillator connected to the excitation light source, wherein the pulsed laser oscillator generates a plurality of pulsed light beams at a time of one ignition to produce an initial flame.

Abstract: A joined body (10) includes an optical material (11) and a cooling material (12) that are capable of transmitting light and are joined together. At a joining interface between the optical material (11) and the cooling material (12), the joined body (10) is capable of transmitting light, and also an atom contained in the optical material (11) diffusively enters the cooling material (12) in such a degree that an interference fringe is not generated in the joined body (10). A diffusive entry length of an atom contained in the optical material (11) into the cooling material (12) may be in a range from approximately 1.0 nm to approximately 10 ?m.