Abstract: A method of producing a substance includes a producing step of producing a new substance by, in a state in which a raw material absorbing giant pulse laser light is disposed inside a base material or in a state in which the base material and the raw material are brought into contact with each other and are clamped together, performing irradiation with the giant pulse laser light such that the raw material absorbs the giant pulse laser light and thereby generating shock waves such that at least the raw material undergoes phase transition.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a pseudo speckle pattern generator, a main vacuum chamber, an atomic gas supply unit, a light beam generator, a photodetector, and an atom number detector. The pseudo speckle pattern generator generates a pseudo speckle pattern in the inside of the main vacuum chamber by light allowed to enter the inside of the main vacuum chamber through the second window. The pseudo speckle pattern generator includes a controller, a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The controller sets a modulation distribution of the spatial light modulator based on a two-dimensional pseudo random number pattern.

Abstract: A more practical method for evaluating an inhibitory circuit applicable to a living body, and the use thereof. Herein the action of an inhibitory circuit on an excitatory circuit is evaluated on the basis of attenuation of the brain activity produced by activation of an excitatory circuit by the input of an inhibitory circuit by performing a step for inputting an inhibitory circuit by applying a second trigger in advance of a first trigger to an excitatory circuit activated by a first trigger which is a stimulus or challenge.

Abstract: A translucent in-vivo indwelling device with a translucent region including a rare earth doped fluorapatite.

Abstract: A phase contrast transmission electron microscope apparatus has a long-life phase modulator, enabling changes in quantity of phase modulation, barely absorbing the electron beams, and not being influenced by irradiation of the electron beams. An electron microscope comprises an electron gun, a first laser beam irradiating process, being positioned between the electron source and an object lens, for irradiating laser beams onto the electron beams radiated from the electron gun, a second laser beam irradiating process, being positioned on a focal plane behind the object lens, for focusing and irradiating the laser beams upon the focus of the electron beams penetrating through a specimen, and a screen or a 2D electron sensor for detecting a specimen image in the form of distribution of intensity of the electron beams by an optical system.

Abstract: The invention provides an evaluation method capable of objectively evaluating average visual perception for a comparatively long period of time when a subject looks through an eyeglass lens to be evaluated, time-dependent change in visual perception, and visual perception when looking with both eyes, and the invention provides a design method, and the invention provides a calculation method for calculating characteristics of visual perception of the subject when viewing an object through a lens.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus including: one or more needle-like bases enabled to be inserted into the brain; a first electrode having a first impedance and enabling an input of an electric activity of a nucleus with which the first electrode comes into contact; and a second electrode having a second impedance lower than the first impedance and being able to output an electric stimulation to the nucleus, wherein the first electrode is provided at a tip portion of at least one of the bases, and the second electrode is provided on a part of the at least one of the bases at a position identical to a position of at least one of the first electrode or on a proximal side with respect to the first electrode, in a direction along a long axis of the base on which the first electrode is provided.

Abstract: A pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus includes: an electrode portion including: a first electrode, a tip end of which is adapted to be inserted into a skin; and at lease one second electrode which is disposed in a circumference of the first electrode without being electrically conductive with the first electrode, and which is adapted to be in contact with a skin; and a pulse signal supplier, supplying a pulse signal in which an electrical polarity of the first electrode is set as a anode and an electrical polarity of the second electrode is set as a cathode.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an adaptive optics system and an optical device that allow correction of wavefront phase aberration with higher accuracy than before and have a wider correction range than the conventional ones, regardless of the distance between the observation target and the fluctuation layer, and the size of the observation target. An adaptive optics system includes: a wavefront phase modulator that makes aberration correction to incident light and emits the corrected light; and an imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism that adjusts freely within a specimen the position of a surface imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation correction surface formed by the wavefront phase modulator. The imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism adjusts the fluctuation correction surface to be imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation layer existing in the specimen.

Abstract: To provide a laser ignition device in which the ignition efficiency is improved and the laser pulse energy necessary for ignition is minimized by optimizing the pulse time width of laser. The laser ignition device includes: a pulse laser oscillator 1 configured to output a beam having a wavelength ? [?m] and a beam quality M2; an energy controller 2 configured to control energy of pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; a lens 3 having a focal length f [mm] and configured to focus the pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; and a pulse time width controller 14 configured to control a time width of the pulse laser, wherein the pulse time width controller 14 controls the time width of the pulse laser to be 0.6 to 2 ns.

Abstract: A laser component is provided, including a laser medium and a transparent heat transmitting member, at least one of which is oxide. Bonding surfaces of the laser medium and the transparent heat transmitting member are exposed to oxygen plasma, and thereafter the bonding surfaces are brought into contact without heating. The laser medium and the transparent heat transmitting member are bonded at atomic levels, their thermal resistance is low, and no large residual stress is generated due to the bonding taking place under normal temperature. The process of oxygen plasma exposure ensures transparency of their bonding interface. The laser medium and the transparent heat transmitting member are stably bond via an amorphous layer.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical element includes a bonding step of bonding a first and a second element portion to each other without interposing an adhesive therebetween. The bonding step includes: a first step of fixing the first and the second element portion with an intermediate layer disposed between these portion, the intermediate layer containing an element substitutable for a constituent element of a bonded portion in the first and the second element portion, the intermediate layer being colored; and a second step of integrating a part of the intermediate layer with the first and the second element portion, and making a part of the intermediate layer transparent to laser light by irradiating the intermediate layer with giant pulse laser light and causing it to be absorbed into the intermediate layer after the first step.

Abstract: There is provided a method for generating an oil/fat component, in which salt-tolerant algae are cultured in a culture medium of which the salt concentration has been increased in a stepwise manner.

Abstract: A phase contrast transmission electron microscope apparatus has a long-life phase modulator, enabling changes in quantity of phase modulation, barely absorbing the electron beams, and not being influenced by irradiation of the electron beams. An electron microscope comprises an electron gun, a first laser beam irradiating process, being positioned between the electron source and an object lens, for irradiating laser beams onto the electron beams radiated from the electron gun, a second laser beam irradiating process, being positioned on a focal plane behind the object lens, for focusing and irradiating the laser beams upon the focus of the electron beams penetrating through a specimen, and a screen or a 2D electron sensor for detecting a specimen image in the form of distribution of intensity of the electron beams by an optical system.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an adaptive optics system and an optical device that allow correction of wavefront phase aberration with higher accuracy than before and have a wider correction range than the conventional ones, regardless of the distance between the observation target and the fluctuation layer, and the size of the observation target. An adaptive optics system includes: a wavefront phase modulator that makes aberration correction to incident light and emits the corrected light; and an imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism that adjusts freely within a specimen the position of a surface imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation correction surface formed by the wavefront phase modulator. The imaging-conjugated position adjustment mechanism adjusts the fluctuation correction surface to be imaging-conjugated with a fluctuation layer existing in the specimen.

Abstract: A low-noise wide band amplifier is realized utilizing a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junction, quasiparticle frequency mixers connected in tandem or in cascade, a first quasiparticle mixer performs first frequency mixing with use of a first local signal having a frequency not less than twice a frequency of an input signal to the first quasiparticle mixer, a second quasiparticle mixer performs second frequency mixing with use of a second local signal having a frequency not more than twice a frequency of an input signal to the second quasiparticle mixer, and signal amplification is performed through frequency conversion by extracting, from among a plurality of signals generated with the first and the second frequency mixing, a signal in a frequency band not more than a frequency band of the signal before the first frequency mixing and the second frequency mixing, using a transmission line or a filter.

Abstract: There is provided a method for generating an oil/fat component by means of culturing algae, in which marine algae belonging to chlamydomonas are cultured in a culture medium containing sea salt.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus including: one or more needle-like bases enabled to be inserted into the brain; a first electrode having a first impedance and enabling an input of an electric activity of a nucleus with which the first electrode comes into contact; and a second electrode having a second impedance lower than the first impedance and being able to output an electric stimulation to the nucleus, wherein the first electrode is provided at a tip portion of at least one of the bases, and the second electrode is provided on a part of the at least one of the bases at a position identical to a position of at least one of the first electrode or on a proximal side with respect to the first electrode, in a direction along a long axis of the base on which the first electrode is provided.

Abstract: To provide a laser ignition device in which the ignition efficiency is improved and the laser pulse energy necessary for ignition is minimized by optimizing the pulse time width of laser. The laser ignition device includes: a pulse laser oscillator 1 configured to output a beam having a wavelength ? [?m] and a beam quality M2; an energy controller 2 configured to control energy of pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; a lens 3 having a focal length f [mm] and configured to focus the pulse laser outputted from the pulse laser oscillator 1; and a pulse time width controller 14 configured to control a time width of the pulse laser, wherein the pulse time width controller 14 controls the time width of the pulse laser to be 0.6 to 2 ns.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a pseudo speckle pattern generator, a main vacuum chamber, an atomic gas supply unit, a light beam generator, a photodetector, and an atom number detector. The pseudo speckle pattern generator generates a pseudo speckle pattern in the inside of the main vacuum chamber by light allowed to enter the inside of the main vacuum chamber through the second window. The pseudo speckle pattern generator includes a controller, a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The controller sets a modulation distribution of the spatial light modultor based on a two-dimensional pseudo random number pattern.