Abstract: A WTRU may be configured to perform radio link monitoring (RLM) based on RLM reference signals (RLM-RSs) transmitted in a cell operating in an unlicensed spectrum. The WTRU may evaluate a radio link failure (RLF) status for the cell using a first RLM criteria based on the RLM-RSs. A transmission instance of the RLM-RSs may be skipped, for example, due to a listen before talk (LBT) failure at a gNodeB (gNB). The WTRU may adapt or change the first RLM criteria and/or evaluate the RLF status of the cell operating in the unlicensed spectrum using a second RLM criteria based on determining that the transmission instance of the RLM-RSs was skipped. The first RLM criteria may correspond to a first RLM process that utilizes a first set of RLM parameters. The second RLM criteria may correspond to a second RLM process that utilizes a second set of RLM parameters.

Abstract: In a network comprising both fixed transmission points and mobile transmission points, the transmission points may transmit discovery reference signals that allow WTRUs to detect and/or synchronize to the transmission points. The fixed and mobile transmission points may transmit discovery reference signals with different characteristics that allow the WTRUs to distinguish between fixed and mobile transmission points. The mobile transmission points may also transmit a separate maintenance reference signal that allows WTRUs to maintain a connection with the mobile transmission point. For networks in which fixed a mobile transmission points operate in different frequency bands, the mobile transmission points may also periodically transmit discovery beacon signals in the frequency band of the fixed transmission points to allow discovery. Conditions may be imposed on WTRUs before the WTRU will transmit to the network a measurement report reporting on a potential transmission point to which it may be switched.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for uplink (UL) transmissions in wireless systems. The systems, methods and instrumentalities may include a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) with a receiver configured to receive one or more uplink (UL) grants that may include allocations associated with a regular UL (RUL) carrier and a supplementary UL (SUL) carrier. The RUL and SUL carriers may be associated with a common downlink (DL) carrier of a serving cell. The WTRU may include a processor configured to select data from one or more logical channels for transmission in accordance with the allocations. The WTRU may include a transmitter configured to transmit data from one logical channel on the RUL carrier and to transmit data from another logical channel on the SUL carrier in accordance with the allocations.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include one or more antennas and a first transceiver operatively coupled to the antennas. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be configured to receive a first signal from a network using zero energy from the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the first transceiver may be further configured to extract energy from the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to examine a separation between energy threshold events to decode an energy signature of the first signal. The first transceiver may be further configured to activate a second transceiver operatively coupled to the one or more antennas if the decoded energy signature matches a stored energy signature, wherein the second transceiver is powered by the WTRU. The one or more antennas and the second transceiver may be configured to receive a second signal from the network.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for targeted wake-up and frame enhancement for energy harvesting are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a station (STA) may compromise: receiving, during an energy detection state, a zero energy (ZE) frame from an access point (AP) that indicates a presence of an energy harvesting (EH) window; harvesting energy for a determined time duration during the EH window; and receiving, during an information decoding state, a data portion of the ZE frame based on a current stored energy of the STA being above a first threshold and a signal strength of the received ZE frame being above a second threshold.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a power reporting policy from a network node. The power reporting policy may include one or more triggers associated with sending a power status report. The WTRU may determine that a trigger of the one or more triggers associated with sending the power status report has been satisfied. The WTRU may send the power status report to the network node in accordance with the power reporting policy. The power status report may include power status information associated with the WTRU and/or an indication that indicates the determined trigger to send the power status report.

Abstract: A wireless transmit-receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to perform one or more actions. The WTRU may be configured to receive a handover command. The WTRU may be configured to connect to a target cell and receive one or more packets from the target cell. The WTRU may be configured to receive one or more packets from a source cell. The WTRU may be configured to determine, based on at least one of the received one or more packets from the source cell or the received one or more packets from the target cell, that there are no missing packets. The WTRU may be configured to release, based on the determination that there are no missing packets, a resource associated with the source cell.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting an HE LTF of a data unit. The HE LTF may have a number of symbols based on a number of space-time streams utilized for the data unit. The HE LTF may be transmitted on a subset of subcarriers of a 20 MHz channel, a 40 MHz channel or an 80 MHz channel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for adaptation of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) mode in mmW Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) systems. A first station (STA) may receive a mode change request from a second STA. The mode change request may indicate a mode change for a MIMO mode, a polarization mode, and/or an orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) mode. The mode change request may include one or more STA fields. The one or more STA fields may include a STA field associated with the first STA. Each of the one or more STA fields may include a MIMO mode subfield, a polarization mode subfield, and/or an OFDMA mode subfield. The first STA may change the MIMO mode, the polarization mode, and/or the OFDMA mode, for example, based on the mode change request. The first STA may send a mode change response to the second STA.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a constellation symbol that includes indications that each are associated with a respective WTRU of a plurality of WTRUs. The WTRU may determine that a first weight associated with a first indication of the indications is different than a second weight associated with a second indication of the indications. The indications may comprise indications of bits modulated at a multi-user constellation bit division multiple access modulator (MU-CBDMAM).

Abstract: A WTRU may initiate access for a PDU session over multiple access networks. The WTRU may register with two or more access networks. For example, the WTRU may register with a 3GPP access network (e.g., LTE Advanced) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi). The WTRU may determine to request a multi-access PDU session for a (e.g., at least one) PDU session. A multi-access PDU session may correspond to a PDU session where the WTRU communicates one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the 3GPP access network and one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the non-3GPP access network. The WTRU may receive a confirmation message indicating that a multi-access PDU session has been established. The WTRU may send uplink data over the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, e.g., in accordance with the established multi-access PDU session.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus designed to support flexible carrier bandwidths in new radio. Multiple carrier bands may be combined into a single composite carrier depending on channel availability in the carrier bands. A composite carrier indicator (CCI) indicates to network devices, the available carrier bands within the channel occupancy time. In addition, bandwidth part inactivity time is suspended when channel access is not available.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmission in a WTRU-specific search space, with the PDCCH transmission including a sequence scrambled based on a first radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), the first RNTI associated with the WTRU, and the sequence including downlink control information (DCI) and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The WTRU may determine scheduling information for a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission based on the DCI. Further, the WTRU may receive the PDSCH based on the scrambling information. Additionally, the first RNTI may be a WTRU-identifier (WTRU-ID). Also, the DCI and CRC may be scrambled by a second RNTI. Moreover, the WTRU may receive scrambling indication information indicating that scrambling of information in a PDCCH transmission by an RNTI may be used. Also, the PDCCH transmission may include the sequence on a condition that the scrambling indication information is received.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, via configuration information, at least one prohibition condition configured to prohibit GNSS activity. The GNSS activity may comprise at least one of GNSS acquisition, GNSS reporting, or GNSS assistance information (AI) reporting. The WTRU may identify a trigger related to the GNSS activity. The WTRU may determine whether a prohibition condition is activated. The prohibition condition may comprise a condition based on a prohibition timer, a condition based on GNSS validity duration, or a condition based on a characteristic of the WTRU. When the prohibition condition is determined to be active, the WTRU may perform the GNSS activity in response to an override or termination of the prohibition condition and based on the prohibition condition being determined to be active.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) configuration information, SBFD configuration information, and DCI comprising a first PRI. The WTRU may determine that a PUCCH transmission is to be sent. The WTRU may determine, based on a first rule of interpreting the first PRI and the PUCCH configuration information, that a first PUCCH resource indicated by the first PRI is included in at least one frequency resource that is at least partially included in at least one subband for uplink (UL) transmission and one subband for downlink reception indicated by the SBFD configuration information. The WTRU may determine a second PUCCH resource, which may be determined based on a second rule for interpreting the first PRI and the PUCCH configuration information. The second PUCCH resource may be within subbands for UL transmission. The WTRU may transmit the PUCCH transmission using the second frequency resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for wireless transmissions based on backscattering. A backscatter indication message (BID) is received from an access point (AP). An interrogation signal is received. Uplink data is transmitted to the AP based on the BID and the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the interrogation signal is received from the AP. In some implementations, the BID indicates a backscatter duration, and the uplink data is transmitted to the AP for the backscatter duration. In some implementations, the uplink data is transmitted to the AP concurrently with receiving the interrogation signal. In some implementations, energy is harvested from the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the uplink data is transmitted to the AP subsequent to the interrogation signal, based on the energy harvested from the interrogation signal. In some implementations, the interrogation signal includes a compensation signal based on channel conditions and/or based on backscattering from the WTRU.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) determines PDCCH candidates. For a slot, the WTRU determines a number of valid PDCCH candidates associated with at least one search space based on a number of designated search spaces associated with the WTRU in the slot, a type of the search space, a priority associated with the search space, a number of required CCE channel estimates associated with the search space, a maximum number of PDCCH candidates in a slot, and a number of control resource sets (CORESETs) associated with the slot. The WTRU may then attempt to decode CCEs in the at least one search space to recover a PDCCH associated with the WTRU. The WTRU may drop PDCCH candidates from the search space when the number of PDCCH exceeds a maximum value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for efficient hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process utilization for semi-persistent and dynamic data transmissions, wherein a reserved HARQ process identification (ID) can be reused. A subset of a plurality of HARQ process IDs is reserved to use for a semi-persistent allocation, and data is transmitted based on the semi-persistent allocation. A dynamic allocation is received via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). At least one of the reserved HARQ process IDs is selectively used for transmitting data based on the dynamic allocation.

Abstract: A method of multi-access point (multi-AP) communication performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving a first trigger frame from a first access point (AP) of a plurality of APs, the first trigger frame comprising first information; receiving a second trigger frame from a second AP of the plurality of APs at a predetermined time duration after receiving the first trigger frame, the second trigger frame also comprising the first information of the first trigger frame; generating a synchronization frame based on the first trigger frame and the second trigger frame, the synchronization frame comprising synchronization information; transmitting the synchronization frame to at least the first AP and the second AP; and receiving a data transmission based on the synchronization information from each of the first AP and the second AP.