Abstract: An improved, simplified process is disclosed for non-continuous galvanization of a metal object in a molten Zn—Al alloy bath. Before immersion in the molten alloy, the object is immersed in a dilute hydrochloric solution containing additional chlorides, wherein both of the following occur: (1) The object is pre-coated with a metallic layer of sufficient thickness to protect the object from oxidation, and yet sufficiently thin to permit the pre-coating to substantially completely react with or dissolve in the molten Zn—Al bath, and (2) the pre-coated object is subjected to a surface activation treatment. After removal from the hydrochloric acid solution, the object is allowed to dry, leaving a protective surface coating of a chloride salt. Thereafter, the object is immersed in the Zn—Al bath.

Abstract: Lead composition for use in the production of battery components particularly the electrode plates, having specific amounts or ranges of trace elements to maximise battery life. Ranges of trace elements include the combination of 20-100 ppm silver, 250-1000 ppm bismuth, and 250-1000 ppm zinc; or 100-1000 ppm antimony and 100-1000 ppm iron; or 250-1000 ppm bismuth, 250-1000 ppm zinc, 20-100 ppm silver, not more than 20 ppm antimony and not more than 30 ppm iron.

Abstract: A process for non-continuous galvanization of a metal object with a Zn—Al alloy including the steps of pre-coating the object with a metallic layer of sufficient thickness to protect the object from oxidation and yet sufficiently thin to permit the pre-coating to substantially completely react with or dissolve in the molten Zn—Al bath, subjecting the precoated object to a surface activation treatment by immersing it in hydrochloric acid and thereafter allowing the surface to dry with a protective coating of a chloride salt, and thereafter immersing the object in the Zn—Al bath.

Abstract: The present invention provides an inexpensive cathode ray tube envelope which suffers considerably diminished glass browning in comparison with traditional cathode ray tube envelopes. The method of reducing glass browning in cathode ray tubes, and a suitable glass composite and glass composition are also provided. The cathode ray tube envelope of the present invention includes a screen which has an inner and an outer glass layers. The inner layer is made of lead-free glass whereas the outer layer is made of lead-containing glass. In the operational cathode ray tube of the present invention, the electron beams emitted therein, are absorbed by the inner layer without substantial browning, since the inner layer does not contain material that cause browning, and do not penetrate to the lead-containing outer layer. At the same time, the X-rays produced in the cathode ray tube are effectively and efficiently blocked by the lead-containing outer layer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lead acid battery and battery separator, the separator comprising a porous ceramic body manufactured from ceramic fibers welded together at their respective contact points such that the resulting separator body is substantially rigid and non-compressible and wherein the separator has a porosity of at least about 90%. The electrodes of the battery may be comprised of a similar porous ceramic material impregnated, respectively, with Pb and PbO.sub.2. A lead-containing foil may be maintained in close contact with each of the electrodes as current collectors attached to the battery terminals.

Abstract: There is disclosed a doped zinc oxide pigment composition and method of preparing said composition, wherein the dopant is uniformly dispersed in the zinc oxide matrix in the form of a solid solution such that the mechanism by which undoped zinc oxide absorbs blue or near ultraviolet light is suppressed, thereby yielding a whiter composition. Preferred dopants are Al and Li.

Abstract: A zinc/low aluminum alloy with lithium additions demonstrating improved creep resistance and suitable for hot chamber pressure die casting. The alloy preferably contains from about 0.1-2% Al, 0.07-0.19% Li, the balance zinc. The alloy also may contain Cu, Mn and Mg.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of laser treating lead-containing battery grids such that virtually instantaneous melting and solidfication occurs, thereby yielding an improved fine-grained microstructure even with such normally immiscible (in lead) metals as aluminum. The invention also permits a high aluminum content without the metal vaporization and oxidation, or the coarse grain structure, normally encountered. The fine grain structure of the treated product provides a battery grid having improved weight, electrical, mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties.

Abstract: A composition of lead and aluminum is disclosed with particular utility as a battery grid material. Rapid solidification techniques permit manufacture of a composition with between about 0.1% and 20% by weight aluminum, and the balance lead.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of depositing a protective coating on a ferrous substrate comprising the steps of immersing the substrate in an electrolytic solution containing zinc chloride, a fluoride and at least one of NiCl.sub.2 and CoCl.sub.2, electrodepositing on said substrate a thin pre-coating comprising zinc, said electrolytic bath also functioning as a flux such that the thin electrodeposited coating comprising zinc will have thereon a flux coating as the substrate is removed from the electrolytic bath; removing the pre-coated substrate from the electrolytic bath, thereafter immersing the pre-coated substrate in a molten metal bath containing zinc so as to deposit a zinc-containing protective coating on said substrate, and removing said substrate from said molten bath.

Abstract: There is disclosed an alloy for use in a zinc galvanizing bath comprising zinc, aluminum and a rare earth-containing alloy such as mischmetal. According to the preferred embodiments, the alloy contains from about 85% to about 97% zinc, from about 3% to about 15% aluminum and from about 5 ppm to about 1.0% mischmetal. The alloy may also contain one or more of the elements Fe, Pb, Sb, Mg, Sn, Cu and Si.

Abstract: A highly sensitive method has been developed for the determination of .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin in human urine or serum samples. This method is based on the agglutination of .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin by latex particles coated with an anti-body against .beta..sub.2 -microglobulin in a stabilizing solution.

Abstract: The surface of a metal, namely, carbon steel (automotive steel), galvanized steel and/or aluminum, can be modified by treating the metal surface with a dilute aqueous oxalic acid solution. The resultant oxalic acid treated metal surface can be further treated with a phosphatizing bath. Such dual treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the metal surface and is particularly useful in the treatment of lighter weight automobile bodies having joints of carbon steel, galvanized steel and/or aluminum.

Abstract: A dispersion composition and a method for coating the surface of steel casting dies for molten metals are described. The dispersion composition comprises boron nitride powder dispersed in a peroxide-modified aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible film-forming polymer. The coating composition provides thermal insulation to the mold surface, thereby minimizing premature solidification of the cast metal.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting corrosion and providing a foundation for subsequent application of organic coating systems to metal surfaces, such as steel surfaces and zinc-, lead-, copper- and tin-coated surfaces, comprises the development of a protective phosphatizing reaction coating based on a metal other than the metal which is to be protected either by an immersion treatment or by a spray treatment with a phosphatizing bath which contains the metal phosphate or metal acid phosphate matter for such a treatment in a status nascendi.

Abstract: A composition and method for coating the surface of steel casting dies for molten metals are described. The composition comprises a dispersion of boron nitride powder, an elastomeric polymer and an organic solvent or diluent. The elastomeric polymer consists of two fractions, a high-polymer fraction and a low-polymer fraction. The treatment provides thermal insulation to the mold surface, thereby minimizing premature solidification of the cast metal.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution and the method of using same for electrodeposition of black chromium on a substrate, said solution comprising water, trivalent chromium ions, ions of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron and cobalt, a weak complexing agent for the trivalent chromium ions, and phosphate ions. The preferred complexing agents are hypophosphite or formate.

Abstract: A dispersion composition and a method for coating the surface of steel casting dies for molten metals are described. The dispersion composition comprises boron nitride powder dispersed in a peroxide-modified aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible film-forming polymer. The coating composition provides thermal insulation to the mold surface, thereby minimizing premature solidification of the cast metal.

Abstract: A method whereby a surface of chromium metal electrodeposited on a zinc substrate from a trivalent chromium electrolyte is treated by contacting the surface with an aqueous solution at a pH of from 5 to 12 and containing a dissolved metal salt of a weak acid which does not form a soluble complex with zinc. Preferred salts are carbonates, phosphates and silicates of an alkali metal, e.g. sodium or potassium. Also disclosed is the product of said process comprising an article having a zinc substrate, a microporous electrodeposited chromium coating from 0.025 to 2.5 microns in thickness on said substrate, and a water-insoluble basic salt of zinc within the micropores.

Abstract: An electrolyte bath and a method for using such a bath comprising trivalent chromium ions dissolved in an aqueous solution containing sulphide. The bath may also contain a weak complexing agent such as hypophosphite or glycine. The electrolyte according to the invention permits the electrodeposition of chormium from electrolytes having low solids content without adversely affecting plating rates.