Abstract: The CDR (Clock Data Recovery) device may include at least one or more CDR channels configured to receive input data stream; and a global clock generator configured to provide a frequency locked clock to each of the at least one or more CDR channels, wherein each of the at least one or more CDR channels creates a reference clock signal for the global clock generator.

Abstract: A beamforming method is provided. The beamforming method includes determining different beams for pieces of user equipment based on channel information fed back from the pieces of user equipment, predicting beam qualities of the pieces of user equipment for the beams, determining whether the beam qualities satisfy Quality of Service (QoS) for the pieces of user equipment, generating a wide nulling beam by applying wide nulling to a second beam having a side lobe acting as interference against one first beam, when the beam quality of the first beam does not satisfy the QoS; predicting beam qualities for the beams including the wide nulling beam instead of the second beam, and simultaneously communicating with the user equipment through the beams including the wide nulling beam instead of the second beam, when the beam qualities for the beams including the wide nulling beam instead of the second beam satisfy the QoS.

Abstract: Provided is a method in which a Digital Pre-Distorter (DPD) performs digital pre-distortion on a received In-phase (I) signal, a received Quadrature-phase (Q) signal, a feedback I signal, and a feedback Q signal; a mixer mixes a signal output from the DPD with a frequency signal output from an oscillator; each of n phase shifters phase-shifts a signal output from the mixer according to a preset beamforming pattern; each of n Power Amplifiers (PAs) amplifies a signal output from an associated phase shifter according to a gain, the PAs connected to the associated phase shifter on a one-to-one basis; each of n envelope detectors detects an envelope signal from a signal output from an associated PA, the envelope detector connected to the associated PA on a one-to-one basis; and a control unit determines whether the n PAs operate normally, using the envelope signals output from the n envelope detectors.

Abstract: A nucleotide sequence encoding a fumarate hydratase C and a method for preparing succinic acid using the same, more particularly, a fumarate hydratase C having the activity of converting malate to fumarate, a fumC nucleotide sequence encoding the fumarate hydratase C, a recombinant vector containing the nucleotide sequence, a microorganism transformed with the recombinant vector, and a method for preparing succinic acid using the transformed microorganism.