Abstract: The invention relates to a method for forming a transparent conductive thin film of In2O3—SnO2 on a surface of a plastics substrate of less heat resistance other than that of glass, ceramics, etc. When an In2O3—SnO2 precursor sol is produced by hydrolyzing and polymerizing a solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide, either tri-s-butoxyindium or tri-t-butoxyindium is used as the indium alkoxide. Water is added to the solution containing indium alkoxide and tin alkoxide at a temperature of not higher than −20° C.

Abstract: A carrier particle (A) is previously treated with a compound (B) such as a silane coupling agent, if necessary. To the carrier particle, a free functional group is introduced by allowing a reactive group of the carrier particle (A) to react with a compound (C) such as a bisoxazoline compound. As a result, a reactive particle represented by the following formula (I):[C--(B1).sub.m ].sub.n --A--[(B2).sub.p --D].sub.q (I)wherein A is a carrier particle, C is an organic group having at least one free functional group, D is a hydrophilic or hydrophobic group, B1 is an organic group connecting the carrier particle A to the organic group C and B2 is an organic group connecting the carrier particle A to the hydrophilic or hydrophobic group; n is an integer of not less than 1, m and p are 0 or 1, q is 0 or an integer of not less than 1, m and p may be different according to n and q; and having a number of active sites can be obtained. A hydrophilic or hydrophobic group may be introduced to the carrier (A).

Abstract: To form a thin film of ferroelectric substance by sol-gel method, there is provided a process for obtaining a precursor solution from which a coating solution enabling to form a thin film having a film thickness enough to exhibit its property can be obtained just by one coating operation without any multi-coating. After composing a Ti alkoxide oligomer having a cyclic structure or a ladder structure by hydrolysis and poly-condensation of a Ti alkoxide and composing a Zr alkoxide oligomer by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a Zr alkoxide, the Ti alkoxide oligomer is preliminarily hydrolyzed and reacted with the Zr alkoxide oligomer, whereby a Ti--O--Zr precursor is obtained, and a Pb(Ti--O--Zr) is obtained by reacting the Ti--O--Zr precursor with the Pb alkoxide.

Abstract: A polymer alloy is obtained by adding a hydrophobic compound (1) having a hydrophobic main chain and a functional group containing an active hydrogen atom and a bisoxazoline compound (2) shown by the following formula to a composition containing plural polymers incompatible with each other: ##STR1## wherein D represents an optionally substituted alkylene group, cycloalkylene group or arylene group, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 respectively represent a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group or aryl group. The compound (1) includes a compound having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group as a main chain, containing a carboxyl group and having a molecular weight of 10,000 or less (e.g. higher fatty acids). A compatibilizing agent as produced by reacting the compound (1) and an excess amount of the compound (2) can also be used.