Abstract: A spectrometer including at least one light-coupling element, a variable entrance slit, a dispersive element, a detector element and a control and evaluation unit. The object of providing a spectrometer having improved measuring characteristics is achieved in that the variable entrance slit is implemented by a first spatial modulation element including a plurality of pixels, wherein the individual pixels can be arranged independently of one another by the control and evaluation unit, wherein the individual pixels are arranged in order to implement the entrance slit during operation in such a manner that at least part of the light incident from the light-coupling element is passed on to the dispersive element.

Abstract: A fill level switch for determining a level limit of a medium in a container, has a sensor unit having an antenna unit, a process window for protecting the sensor unit and for connection to a container wall, an electronic unit and a sensor housing. The antenna unit has at least a first emitting element for emitting a first electromagnetic transmission signal, at least a feed line, at least a reference surface having a reference potential and at least a dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer is arranged between the reference surface and the emitting element. An aperture coupling is provided via which the emitting element is fed by the feed line during operation. The reference surface has an opening for passage of the electromagnetic transmission signal, and the first emitting element is arranged such that it has direct contact with the medium during operation.

Abstract: A method for operating an inductive conductivity meter having a transmitting coil, a receiving coil and a terminating impedance device, the transmitting coil having a transmitting coil terminal, the receiving coil having a receiving coil terminal and the terminating impedance device having a terminating impedance, wherein the receiving coil is terminated with the terminating impedance device and wherein the transmitting coil and the receiving coil are inductively coupled with one another by an electrically conductive medium. To provide an improved accuracy of a determination of a conductivity of a medium a setpoint input impedance is specified, an input impedance is determined at the transmitting coil terminal, the terminating impedance is set such that the input impedance is matched to the setpoint input impedance, and a conductivity of the medium is determined using the adjusted input impedance and the set termination impedance.

Abstract: A method for verifying a periodic useful signal component of a sensor signal of a flowmeter. To distinguish a useful signal from a noise signal, a periodic measured variable is detected over a period, and a periodic sensor signal is output, the sensor signal is subjected to a time/frequency analysis, and a time-dependent frequency spectrum of the sensor signal is determined, the time-dependent frequency spectrum is examined for a characteristic feature of the useful signal, and if the expected characteristic feature is found in the time-dependent frequency spectrum, the portion of the sensor signal having the characteristic feature is verified as the useful signal component and a flow measured value is determined on the basis of the verified useful signal component, or if the expected characteristic feature is not found, the portion of the sensor signal which does not have the characteristic feature is rejected as the noise signal component.

Abstract: A method for operating a measuring unit having at least one parameter sensor, at least a position sensor and/or an acceleration sensor, and at least a control and evaluation unit, the position sensor and/or the acceleration sensor being connected to the control and evaluation unit, the position sensor emitting a position signal and/or the acceleration sensor emitting an acceleration signal to the control and evaluation unit. At least one process relevant to the operation of the measuring unit is triggered when at least one part of the measuring unit is moved in a first movement pattern, wherein the first movement pattern comprises a sequence of at least two movements and/or at least a partial process of the process or a process is triggered when at least one part of the measuring unit is moved according to a second movement pattern, wherein the second movement pattern comprises at least one movement.

Abstract: A measuring device for time-resolved measurement of a measurement signal and for temporal separation of at least a first portion of the measurement signal, having a light source for emitting a pulsed excitation signal, at least one detector for receiving the measurement signal, the detector generating a detector signal from the measurement signal, at least one first forming unit for generating a first comparison signal, and at least one evaluation unit, the first comparison signal correlating with the excitation signal. At least one first logic function is provided which links at least the first comparison signal with a signal dependent on the detector signal so that the output of the logic function provides a measure of the intensity of the first portion of the measurement signal or of the detector signal. The output of the first logic function is connected to the at least one evaluation unit.

Abstract: A conductivity sensor for measuring the electrical conductivity of a liquid medium having at least a first coil, a current source and a control and evaluation unit, the current source being connected to the first coil. The conductivity sensor has the ability to determine a particularly large range of electric conductivity by at least a first electrode and a second electrode and at least one voltage measuring unit being provided, the voltage measuring unit being connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, the control and evaluation unit being connected to the current source and to the voltage measuring unit, and the first electrode and the second electrode being out of electrical contact with the first coil.

Abstract: A method for operating a flowmeter having at least one diagnostic unit, a counter unit and a storage unit with at least one memory for carrying out a plurality of time-limited measuring operations during which the counter unit determines at least the overall volume of a fluid passing through the flowmeter during one measuring operation. The counter unit is operated for the duration of a time-limited measuring operation, and the diagnostic unit recognizes at least one erroneous or error-free state of the flowmeter. The method ensures a particularly high reliability of the measured values determined during an individual measuring operation by the diagnostic unit generating at least one status message based on the state that is transmitted to the storage unit and stored in the memory, and by several status messages being transmitted and cumulatively stored in the memory at least for the duration of the measuring operation.

Abstract: A magnetic-inductive flowmeter for determining the flow of a medium, having a measuring tube for guiding the medium and having two electrodes for tapping a measuring voltage induced in the medium, wherein the measuring tube has an inflow section, a measuring section and an outflow section arranged one after the other in the flow direction of the medium, the inflow section having a cross section which decreases in the flow direction, the measuring section having a constant cross section and being symmetrical with respect to a measuring section symmetry plane which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the measuring tube, and the outflow section having a cross section which increases in the flow direction and is formed at least partially asymmetrically with respect to the measuring section symmetry plane in order to increase measuring accuracy.

Abstract: A method for operating an inductive conductivity measuring device that has a transmitting coil with an input and a receiving coil, the transmitting coil and the receiving coil being inductively coupled to one another by an electrically conductive medium. An electrical preset alternating signal is generated and fed to the input of the transmitting coil. The method for operating an inductive conductivity measuring device is improved in that a frequency of a preset alternating signal is varied in a frequency interval, in the frequency interval, a frequency-dependent minimum input impedance at the input of the transmitting coil is determined using a response alternating signal, a minimum frequency of the response alternating signal is determined at the minimum input impedance at the input of the transmitting coil, and a conductivity of the medium is determined using the minimum frequency of the response alternating signal.

Abstract: A field device (1) having a switching converter circuit (2) and a measuring circuit (3) for determining at least one measuring variable. The switching converter circuit (2) is supplied with electric power on the input side and the switching converter circuit (2) is connected to the measuring circuit (3) on the output side and the switching converter circuit (2) supplies the measuring circuit (3) with electric power. The problems associated with changing interfering signals due to the switching converter circuit are reduced in that a load circuit (5) is actuated by a load control circuit (6) so that the output-side electric load at the switching converter circuit (2) does not fall below a minimum electric load.

Abstract: A field device for determining a measured variable and that also issues a measured value in the case that an error state is present. The field device includes a sensor unit, a signal outlet, and an output device. The output device issues a state signal and/or a measuring signal via the signal outlet, wherein the state signal is assigned to a state of the field device. Additionally, the output device fulfills a safety function in the case that the state of the field device arises and thereby issues both the state signal assigned to the state as well as the measuring signal. Furthermore, there is a method for communicating the presence of a state of a field device.

Abstract: A fill level switch arrangement (1) for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) and a method for determining the fill level of a medium (2) in a container (3) using a fill level switch arrangement (1). The fill level switch arrangement (1) has at least one alarm threshold that can be implemented in a simplified manner due to the fill level switch arrangement (1) having a transmitting element (4) and a receiving element (5), wherein the transmitting element (4) is used for transmitting a radio signal and is operatively connected to the receiving element (4), wherein the receiving element (5) is configured to detect radio signals, and wherein the receiving element (5) is configured such that it generates and transmits a switching signal in the event of a change in the received radio signal caused by the medium (2).

Abstract: A conductivity meter for measuring an electrical conductivity of a liquid medium having a housing, a conductive first measuring cell and a control device for controlling the first measuring cell, wherein the first measuring cell has a first conductivity measuring range, a first electrode and a second electrode, and wherein the first measuring cell and the control device are arranged at the housing. To provide a conductivity meter for measuring an electrical conductivity of a liquid medium, whose conductivity measuring range is increased, the conductivity meter has a second measuring cell with a second conductivity measuring range, that the second measuring cell is arranged at the housing, and that the control device is designed for controlling the second measuring cell.

Abstract: A method for operating a Coriolis mass flowmeter having at least one controller, at least one electric actuating device, at least one electromagnetic driving mechanism with a drive coil as oscillation generator, at least one measuring tube and at least one oscillation sensor involves excited oscillation of the measuring tube being detected by the oscillation sensor and emitted as at least one output signal and the electric actuating device causing the electromagnetic driving mechanism to produce oscillation of the measuring tube largely in resonance by the output signal of the oscillation sensor, the drive voltage at the drive coil, and phasing of the drive current in relation to the phasing of the output signal of the oscillation sensor being determined and a new target phasing for the drive voltage derived from the determinations and supplied to the controller to generate a drive voltage with the new target phasing.

Abstract: A measuring rod (1) with a longitudinal axis (A) for insertion in the flow cross section of a tube and for the verification of a flowing medium in this tube having at least one first sender unit (2) for the transmission of a first acoustic or electromagnetic measuring signal (3) and at least one first receiver unit (4) for receiving the first measuring signal, wherein the first sender unit (2) and the first receiver unit (4) define a measuring section, wherein the first sender unit (2) is arranged in such a manner that the first measuring signal (3) crosses the measuring section and wherein the first receiver unit (4) is arranged in such a manner that it, at least during operation without flow, receives the first measuring signal (3) after crossing the measuring section.

Abstract: A fill level measuring device having at least one transmitting and receiving unit, a measuring antenna with a first supply element for transmitting and receiving an electromagnetic measurement signal and at least one dielectric body for guiding and/or shaping the waves of the measurement signal, and a communication antenna. The communication antenna has at least one second supply element for wireless transmission and for receiving an electromagnetic communication signal. To provide a fill level measuring device that can be used particularly flexibly, the first supply element and the second supply element are arranged inside the dielectric body so that the dielectric body is able to guide and/or shape the measurement signal and the communication signal.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus includes a secured functional unit, an unsecured functional unit and a supply device. The secured functional unit has a first interface device for secure communication and a control unit, and the unsecured functional unit has a second interface device for non-secure communication. The secured functional unit and the unsecured functional unit are designed for communicating with one another. The supply device further includes a supply unit. A first power path for supplying the secured functional unit is arranged between the supply unit and the secured functional unit, and a second power path for supplying the secured functional unit with electrical energy from the supply unit is arranged between the supply unit and the unsecured functional unit. A switch is arranged in the second power path. A second power path in the switch is looped in the first switching state and disconnected in the second switching state.

Abstract: A method for operating a Coriolis mass flowmeter that has at least one measuring tube with medium flowing through it involves exciting the measuring tube excited to oscillation, detecting the oscillations of the measuring tube and determining the density of the medium. Detection of the state and a change in the state of a Coriolis mass flowmeter is achieved by determining a calibration temperature and a calibration density sensitivity of the Coriolis mass flowmeter using the detected oscillations, at a temperature differing from the calibration temperature, and a density sensitivity of the flowmeter determined using the detected oscillations. A measurement rate of change of the density sensitivity is determined and a forecast rate of change of the density sensitivity is calculated using a forecast algorithm, and at a given deviation of the measurement rate of change from the forecast rate of change rp, a deviation signal is generated.

Abstract: Described is a device for detecting a surface of bulk materials, the device including: a transmitter unit having a radiation direction for transmitting a measuring signal, a receiver unit for receiving a measuring signal reflected on the surface of the bulk material, a control and evaluation unit for controlling the alignment of the radiation direction and for evaluating the received measuring signal, and an alignment arrangement for aligning the transmitter unit. The alignment arrangement includes at least one connecting element for connection to the transmitter unit, at least one bearing element, and at least one positioning member. The connecting element is pivotably connected to the bearing element via the positioning member. The alignment of the transmitter unit can be changed by the positioning member. The positioning member includes a shape memory element that actively changes its shape under variations of an influencing parameter.