Abstract: A portable optical alarm system for area protection containing at least one light-emitting transmitter and a receiver sensing the emitted light is disclosed. The transmitters and receivers of the system form a chain in such a manner that the receiver sensing the light-impulses of the first transmitter is always connected electrically to the following transmitter and the last receiver of the system is connected electrically to the intervening organ and partly to the first transmitter of the system, or the first transmitter of the system is formed as a free-running unit. Transmitters and receivers can be arranged in an optical mutual arrangement where they are arranged in a casing containing the transmitter circuit and the associated battery along with the receiver circuit and the battery belonging thereto.

Abstract: A temperature controlling system for investigating thermal transformation having a program-controller operated furnace the temperature of which is changed with a predetermined speed, and into which a sample and a reference substance containing elements with identical thermal parameters are placed. The sample and the reference substance containing elements are coupled with temperature sensing elements detecting their temperature and both elements are connected to a temperature comparing unit forming the difference of the two temperatures. The output of the temperature comparing unit is coupled through a differentiating network, limit switches and an actuating unit with a quasi-static temperature input of the program controller.

Abstract: A spinning-type fishing reel whose rotor is formed with weights which, upon a predetermined combination of reverse angular velocity and acceleration of the rotatable line guide mounted on the rotor, jam against a nonrotatable part of the reel and thereby prevent further rotation. The locking of the rotary part is important, since it prevents entrainment of the rotary part in reverse rotation when the angler neglects to lock this part prior to the setting of a hook in the fish.

Abstract: A vertical shaft system for gyroscopic theodolites with two degrees of freedom for ensuring the vertical alignment of the azimuth determining pendulum system in the apparatus, wherein perforated stones are arranged in two axial points on the housing and on the azimuth determining pendulum system of the apparatus, and wires clamped on both ends are threaded through the perforated stones and tensioned by tensioning elements, furthermore perforated guiding stones are formed for alignment of the tensioned wires, and surfaces of rotation are formed in the vicinity of the axial points between the housing and azimuth determining pendulum system with an air gap about the wires.

Abstract: An ampoule opener which comprises an elongated flat body having a ceramic ampoule-neck scorer affixed in the body in a longitudinal dimension thereof, e.g. along a longitudinal edge or upon a longitudinal ledge. The body is provided with a row of holes extending along the edge, the holes being of different sizes to accommodate ampoule heads of different sizes. An ampoule head, after scoring of the neck, is inserted into a selected one of the holes and is snapped off.

Abstract: A reflecting stereoscope has picture holders and oculars for the observation of pictures held by the picture holders, and an optical train between the picture holders and the oculars. Picture marks and measuring markers carrying adjustable measuring marks are interposed in the optical train and there is a measuring device for measuring the location of the measuring marks. The picture holders are disposed in the focal plane of the oculars and a lens system on the optical axis of the oculars projects the magnified image of the measuring marks onto the focal plane of the oculars. Partially reflecting mirrors in the light path of the optical train observe picture marks and the measuring marks. A special system for moving the measuring markers and measuring their position is provided.