Abstract: Disclosed herein is directed to a synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNA) fragment that includes an RNA template flanked by at least of 5?-end RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) binding site and a 3?-end RdRp binding site, thus the synthetic RNA fragment can be amplified in vitro via an RNA-dependent RNA cycling reaction (RCR). Also disclosed herein is a method for producing an amplified RNA product by use of the present synthetic RNA fragment.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a group of novel chemical compositions and their use for formulating RNA- and/or DNA-based medicine drugs/vaccines into stable compound complexes useful for both in-vitro and in-vivo delivery. Particularly, the present invention teaches the synthesis of a group of novel trimethylglycyl chemicals and their use for formulating cosmetic, therapeutic- and/or pharmaceutical-grade nucleic acid compositions, including but not limited microRNA precursors (pre-miRNA/miRNA), small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), short interfering RNAs (siRNA), ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA-DNA hybrids and DNA-based vectors/vaccines, with or without modification, into delivery complexes, which can then be absorbed by cells in vivo, ex vivo and/or in vitro through an active mechanism of endocytosis via acetylcoline receptors for releasing the therapeutic and pharmaceutical effects of the formulated nucleic acid compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and composition for generating a non-naturally occurring intron and its components capable of being processed into small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and/or microRNA (miRNA) molecules by skin cells and thus inducing specific gene silencing effects on skin pigment-related genes and/or aging-causing genes in the cells. The gene silencing effects so obtained are not only useful for lightening and whitening skin colors but also useful for suppressing unwanted aging gene activities in skins.

Abstract: This invention generally relates to a composition and its production method useful for developing drugs and/or therapies for enhancing wound healing, in particular scarless wound healing. Particularly, the present invention teaches the essential processes necessary for producing and purifying embryonic stem cell (ESC)-specific RNA compositions, such as messenger RNAs (mRNA), microRNA precursors (pre-miRNA), and small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), which are useful for treating human diseases and lesions.