Abstract: A method for the manufacture of bleached cellulose pulp, in conjunction with which lignocellulose material is digested to form cellulose pulp by means of an alkaline digestion liquor, and the cellulose pulp in the form of a suspension is screened, if necessary, and subjected in series to at least oxygen gas delignification/bleaching (O), if required, chlorine dioxide bleaching (D) and bleaching with non chlorine-containing, oxidative bleaching agent (O, P, Z), with the various bleaching stages interspersed with washing and/or reconcentration of the cellulose pulp in at least one stage, characterized in that complexing agents are added to the cellulose pulp in conjunction with the chlorine dioxide bleaching. It is also important for the mol quotient of the cellulose pulp for magnesium/manganese, during bleaching with a non chlorine-containing, oxidative bleaching agent, to be maintained at or brought to a value exceeding 20, and preferably exceeding 40.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of non-chlorine bleached pulp, from alkaline digested cellulose pulp, wherein a suspension of the cellulose pulp is subjected to a series to oxygen gas delignification (O), treatment with complexers (Q) and bleaching with non chlorine-containing oxidative bleaching agents (O,P,Z). The various treatment stages interspersed with washing and/or reconcentration of the cellulose pulp in at least one stage, in conjunction with which a suspension liquid is conveyed essentially in strict counter-current, with the result that the pulp manufacturing process is essentially totally closed with regard to the liquid circuit.

Abstract: When closing the process of manufacturing cellulose pulp of high brightness, i.e. including the recovery of essentially all waste liquor, there is an untenable enrichment of certain basic elements, such as sodium and sulphur. The present invention provides a partial solution to this problem and is concerned with a method in bleaching with ozone lignocellulosic material, e.g. cellulose pulp, which has been at least partially manufactured chemically, in the presence of water at a degre of acidity, expressed as pH, of 2-5. The method is characterized in that the acidity is maintained during the ozone bleaching process by adding a sulphuric acid solution or an acid sodium sulphate solution produced by electrolysis or electrodialysis of an essentially neutral sodium sulphate solution obtained by recycling chemicals in a system to which waste liquor from the ozone bleaching process is added.

Abstract: When producing green liquor for later manufacture of cooking liquor, it is endeavoured that the green liquor shall be readily clarified and/or readily filtered. This endeavour is achieved with the present invention, which relates to a method of producing green liquor in which waste liquor separated from cellulose pulp and derived from a cooking stage and possibly from one or more bleaching stages is worked up including known treatment stages such as evaporation, combustion, smelt dissolving and other green liquor preparation, and in which a calcium containing chemical is added to the waste liquor prior to combustion, or is added at the combustion of the waste liquor. The method is characterized in that carbon deriving from the smelt is caused to equal at most 0.

Abstract: A packaging unit for sheet like material such as paper, comprises a box (1) provided with a lid (2), both of rectangular configuration and including a center part, two side parts and two end walls parts which are easily dismountable. Each box end wall part (4) has an additional end wall part (3) which is mounted externally of the first mentioned end wall part (4) and has a generally rectangular configuration and an area which is 70-100% of the actual area of the inwardly lying end wall part (4). The additional end wall part (3) is fastened at least partially to the lower region of the inwardly lying end wall part (4) and the additional end wall part (3) is provided in its upper half with a foldable lip (7) from which material has been removed on at least one side (5,6). The lip (7) enables the uppermost part of the additional end wall part (3) to be folded outwardly of the lid end wall part and subsequent to being folded, functions to strengthen and protect the resultant gripping aperture.

Abstract: The method solves the problem of delignifying technical cellulose pulp in a selective manner which will result in very low residual contents of lignin in the pulp and a correspondingly high quantity of lignin dissolved in spent liquors, which are recovered in the chemical recovery system of the pulp mill. The method comprises activating liquid-containing lignocellulosic material in the presence of nitrate with a gas that contains nitrogen dioxide, followed by the alkaline delignification of the lignocellulosic material, and measuring the acidity of the liquid accompanying the material on at least one occasion during the activation. The method is characterized in that the acidity of the liquid is measured subsequent to bringing the time derivative of the nitrate concentration of the liquid, expressed as millimols per liter of liquid per minute, to a level beneath +0.

Abstract: A method for producing bleached sulfate pulp comprising the steps of:(1) conducting an initial bleaching of a sulfate pulp, wherein the pulp is manufactured by a sulfate process from softwood, with at least one non-chlorine-containing bleaching agent, the initial bleaching comprising one or more consecutive stages,(2) during step (1), lowering the kappa number of the pulp to below 12, while permitting the limit viscosity to fall below 900 cm.sup.3 /g,(3) fractionating the pulp prior to or at a time subsequent to step (1) to obtain:(a) a long fiber fraction comprising fibers, wherein less than 10% by weight of the fibers pass through 200 mesh and greater than 60% by weight of the fibers are retained on 30 mesh, wherein the long fiber fraction has a shive content of less than 0.

Abstract: The present invention reduces the normally marked yellowing of paper which is at least partially based on lignin-containing pulps.The invention relates to paper produced from fibre material and other paper ingredients in the form of at least one chemical. The fibre material at least partially consists of pulp that contains lignin in an amount exceeding 0.5 percent by weight, and is characterized in that the paper includesa) an acid and/or a corresponding salt of the general formula (the acid form) ##STR1## whereR.sub.1 =--CHOHCH.sub.2 OH or --CHOHCOOHin an amount of at least 0.05 percent by weight, calculated on the fibre material; andb) a reduction agent in an amount of at least 0.05 percent by weight, calculated on the fibre material.

Abstract: Coarse wood residues, slivers and shives present in groundwood pulp as obtained in grinders are removed by passing a uniform flow of the pulp suspension containing coarse wood residues and shives from the grinder to a conical crushing and beating refiner having two treatment zones with a stationary part and a rotary part for reducing all wood material present in the suspension to free fibers, while measuring and controlling the freeness of the pulp within selected limits by controlling both the power input to the grinder and the power input to the conical crushing and beating refiner, and the degree of beating of the pulp, obtaining groundwood pulp having a low shives content and superior strength properties, at a low energy consumption.

Abstract: Improved chemimechanical, particularly chemithermomechanical, pulp (CTMP), is produced by defibrating or refining wood chips to produce pulp, and then screening the pulp and separating out at least 30% by weight of the incoming fiber suspension as a first long-fiber fraction, and also separating out a first fine-fiber fraction, screening the first fine fiber fraction a second time, and separating out a second long-fiber fraction which is combined with the first long-fiber fraction to form a long-fiber fraction of improved properties, and a second fine-fiber fraction of improved properties.

Abstract: A process is provided for activating cellulose pulp using NO and/or NO.sub.2 plus oxygen gas in the presence of nitric acid, added in an amount within the range from about 0.1 to about 1.0 gmole per kg of water accompanying the cellulose pulp at a temperature within the range from about 40.degree. to about 120.degree. C. for a time at an activating temperature of 40.degree. to 50.degree. C. of from 15 to 180 minutes, at from 50.degree. to 90.degree. C. of from 5 to 120 minutes, and at higher temperatures of from 1 to 10 minutes, followed by washing, and delignifying bleaching in an alkaline medium with or without oxygen gas and/or peroxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing paper or like products which contains retention agent and inorganic filler. The retention and technical properties of the paper are enhanced by coflocculating the filler with a cellulosic material having a large specific surface area (fine pulp) prior to introducing floc suspension into the stock, and by subjecting the flocs to a floc size-controlling shearing process in a particular reaction vessel to produce flocs that have a mean particle size within the range of 2-4 mm. The particular reaction vessel used herefor incorporates a mixing zone, a flocculation zone, separator means located between the mixing zone and flocculation zone, a shearing zone and a sedimentation zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for reacting lignocellulosic material with a gas phase comprising a nitrogen oxide and oxygen under controlled gas pressure in the presence of water, for example, as a pretreatment before an alkaline delignification, comprising in combination:(1) a first reaction chamber receiving water-containing lignocellulosic material, nitrogen oxide, and optionally oxygen containing gas;(2) a first inlet for introducing lignocellulosic material into the first reaction chamber;(3) a second inlet with control means for introducing nitrogen oxide into the first reaction chamber;(4) a first outlet for withdrawing lignocellulosic material after reaction with oxide from the first reaction chamber;(5) gas locks retaining gas pressure in the first reaction chamber at each of the first inlet outlet;(6) a second reaction chamber in connection with the first reaction chamber via the gas lock at the outlet thereof and receiving lignocellulosic material after reaction with nitrogen oxide;(7) a third inlet with control means

Abstract: A paper web (3) forming a roll is drawn therefrom in a direction perpendicular to the roll axis, passed over a direction changing guide edge (4), and is separated from the roll against a tear edge (5) located in the proximity of one end of the roll.

Abstract: A process is provided for reducing carbohydrate losses in the sulphate pulping of wood using sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, by pretreating the wood in the presence of water with oxygen gas and nitrogen oxide such as NO.sub.2 and/or NO and/or polymeric oxides and double molecules thereof, for example, N.sub.2 O.sub.4 or N.sub.2 O.sub.3, for from about 3 to about 110 minutes at a temperature within the range from about 25.degree. to about 100.degree. C., the amount of nitrogen oxide charged, calculated as monomers, being within the range from about 0.05 to about 1 kilomole per 1000 kg bone-dry wood, resulting in one or several of the following advantages: an improved yield of pulp, an improved viscosity, and a reduced requirement for bleaching chemicals in any subsequent bleaching stages.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing nitrogen oxides from aqueous waste cellulose pulp liquors containing nitrogen compounds including oxygen linked to nitrogen in the molecule, which includes initiating an autocatalytic reaction generating nitrogen oxide in a liquid phase comprising aqueous waste cellulose pulp liquor containing nitrogen compounds including oxygen linked to nitrogen in the molecule at a temperature within the range from about 40.degree. to about 180.degree. C. and at an acid pH within the range from about 0 to about 5 in the presence of nitrate ion NO.sub.3.sup.- in a concentration calculated as nitrogen within the range from about 0.2 to about 5 grams moles per kilogram of water and of lignin in a weight ratio lignin:water within the range from about 0.001:1 to about 1:1; and then continuing the autocatalytic reaction while maintaining a gas phase in contact with the liquid phase having a partial pressure of nitrogen oxide within the range from about 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for folding diapers (1) and like articles, in which apparatus the article is advanced to a folding station by a conveyor (2). The folding station includes a driven folding roll (4) which co-acts with a counter roll (9) in a manner to feed the article to at least one driven transport roll (11,12). The transport roll guides the forward end (10) of the article (1) onto the cylindrical surface of a folding roll (16,17) co-acting with the folding roll (4) and intended, in a first folding phase, to be driven in a first transport direction through a given distance up towards the upper part of the folding roll and, during a second folding phase, to be driven in the opposite direction (A) and move the forward part of the article down from the aforementioned upper part.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for bonding an elastic ribbon (51) under tension to a plastics web (10) along a curved path thereon with the aid of an adhesive, in the manufacture of diapers or like articles. The ribbon is introduced into a given cured path on a cylindrical drum (15). Arranged in the given path are suction openings which communicate with a suction source and are effective in holding the ribbon firmly by suction along the whole of its length, therewith preventing the ribbon from sliding relative to the drum and the plastics web and from twisting or tilting on the drum despite the tension in the ribbon. Means (89) are provided for breaking the connection between the suction openings and the suction source as the suction openings pass the end point of a given distance on the drum (15).

Abstract: A baby pacifier is provided having a resilient nipple for the baby to grasp in its mouth; and having an open end with a bead extending about is outer periphery adjacent to the open end; and a circular box-shaped shield for supporting the nipple; the shield being substantially elliptical in cross-section, smooth-surfaced, and free from external projections, and having a diameter of at least 45 mm and a breadth of at least 20 mm, being formed in two shield parts held together; each shield part having a peripheral edge engaging the peripheral edge of the other shield part in a snap lock.

Abstract: A cellulose pulp fiber sampling and cleaning device for preparing clean pulp fiber samples for automatic analysis of cellulose pulp fiber properties, comprising a pulp sample receptacle having a housing; an elongated pulp fiber sample chamber therein, with fluid passage openings at each end; liquid-permeable and pulp fiber-impermeable material covering each end opening; ports in the housing communicating with the lowest portion of the chamber intermediate the two ends and with each end of the chamber on the outside of the liquid-permeable pulp fiber-impermeable material; and valves controlling flow through the ports; means for introducing and withdrawing washing liquor through the ports at each end of the chamber; and means for introducing and withdrawing pulp fiber suspension and withdrawing cleaned pulp fibers through the port intermediate the two ends.