Abstract: The Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73 crystal protein gene was cloned into pBR322. E. coli cells harboring this recombinant plasmid produced a 130 kD protoxin that was toxic to Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) larvae. Plasmids having the 3'-end of the protoxin gene deleted where also constructed. E. coli cells harboring these deleted plasmids produced an active, soluble 68 kD toxin, provided that the 3'-deletion had not removed sequences encoding the 68 kD toxin. The invention provides methods to produce 68 kD toxin protein by constructing partial protoxin genes encoding the toxin followed by expression of the genes in living cells. Useful plasmids and cells are also provided.

Abstract: A subgenomic promoter of a positive strand RNA virus is disclosed which directs the amplified expression of a structural gene in plant tissue. The core region and an upstream activating domain of the subgenomic promoter are identified. This promoter can be utilized in a modified virus, or in an appropriate engineered recombinant DNA derivative which may be chromosomally integrated or maintained as an episome in transformed cells.

Abstract: Reagents and test methods for rapidly and specifically testing maize plants for the presence of T-type cms are provided. The reagent includes a novel nucleic acid segment whose sequence is uniquely arranged in mitochondrial DNA of cms-T maize. The segment, designated TURF 2H3, was cloned and vectors comprising TURF 2H3 provided. Subclones having sequences specific to cms-T mitochondrial DNA and the DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of ORI3, which is unique to T-type cytoplasm, are also provided.

Abstract: A dark- and light-regulated chlorophyll a/b (Cab) binding protein promoter/regulatory system from maize is disclosed. This promoter/regulatory system is capable of accounting for as much as 80% of the total Cab mRNA in the dark and results in enhancement of expression from 3- to 6-fold after conditions of illumination. This Cab promoter/regulatory system may be recombined with structural genes for expression in plant cells.

Abstract: A plant chlorophyll a/b binding (Cab) protein gene was isolated from a maize genomic library. The promoter/regulatory system of this gene actively functions in controlling Cab gene expression under conditions of darkness and in enhancing gene expression under conditions of light. This invention contemplates the utilization of the Cab promoter/regulatory system in regulating non-homologous structural gene expression in transgenic plants under conditions of darkness followed by further enhancement of gene expression under conditions of light.

Abstract: A subgenomic promoter of a positive strand RNA virus is disclosed which directs the amplified expression of a structural gene in plant tissue. The core region and an upstream activating domain of the subgenomic promoter are identified. This promoter can be utilized in a modified virus, or in an appropriate engineered recombinant DNA derivative which may be chromosomally integrated or maintained as an episome in transformed cells.

Abstract: The subject invention concerns a regulatory region of a legume early nodulin gene (Enod2) comprising promoter and promoter-associated nucleotide sequences. The Enod2 gene is expressed in nodule tissue of legumes in the early stages of nodulation. The Enod2 regulatory region can be used to express foreign genes under its control in developing nodules. Nucleotide sequences of soybean Enod2 genes with their regulatory regions is provided.

Abstract: A recombinant RNA virus is provided allowing encapsidation of genetically engineered viral sequences in heterologous, preferably rod-shaped coat, protein capsids. Since icosahedral viruses are limited in the amount of RNA they can carry, and rod-shaped viruses are expansible, this invention allows the size of recombinant virus RNA components to be increased (or decreased). Methods of making and using such recombinant viruses are also provided, specifically with respect to the transfection of plants to bring about genotypic and phenotypic changes.

Abstract: A method of inducibly enhancing the constitutive expression of a DNA sequence of interest is described in which plant cells are transformed with a DNA sequence of interest that is operably joined to a plant ubiquitin regulatory region comprised of a heat shock element, a promoter, a transcription start site, an intron, and a translation start site. When monocot or dicot plant cells are subjected to permissive heat shock temperatures, the level of expression of the DNA sequence of interest is enhanced.

Abstract: A recombinant RNA virus is provided allowing encapsidation of genetically engineered viral sequences in heterologous, preferably rod-shaped coat, protein capsids. Since icosahedral viruses are limited in the amount of RNA they can carry, and rod-shaped viruses are expansible, this invention allows the size of recombinant virus RNA components to be increased (or decreased). Methods of making and using such recombinant viruses are also provided, specifically with respect to the transfection of plants to bring about genotypic and phenotypic changes.

Abstract: A protein and gene encoding it are disclosed which confer sensitivity to B. maydis T toxin and the insecticide methomyl, in cells carrying the gene and expressing the protein. Toxin sensitivity domains of the protein have been identified wherein a modification yields a toxin-insensitive product.

Abstract: The invention provides genetically modified plant cells having a plant structural gene introduced and expressed therein under the control of a T-DNA promoter. In particular, the invention provides genetically modified plant cells having the phaseolin gene introduced and expressed therein under the control of a T-DNA promoter. Also provided are novel strains of bacteria containing and replicating T-DNA which has been modified to contain an inserted plant structural gene under the control of a T-DNA promoter. Further, the invention provides novel plasmids having the ability to replicate in E. coli and comprising T-DNA which has been modified to contain an inserted plant structural gene under the control of a T-DNA promoter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses dicot cells containing monocot seed storage protein. Construction of genes encoding monocot seed storage proteins which are expressible in dicot cells and transformation of such genes into plant cells is also taught. Furthermore, methods and DNA molecules useful for producing plant cells containing monocot seed storage proteins are also disclosed. The invention is exemplified by combination of a 15 kD zein structural gene from a Zea mays gene with a promoter and a polyadenylation site derived from a Phaseolus vulgaris phaseolin gene.

Abstract: A shortened or truncated protein toxin is provided which exhibits activity against lepidopteran insects. The truncated toxin is derived from an approximately 130 kD Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin. Also provided is a polynucleotide sequence encoding the truncated toxin.

Abstract: The present invention discloses plant cells which contain modified 7S legume seed storage protein. Modification of 7S seed storage proteins which are expressible in plant cells and transformation of such genes into plant cells is also taught. Furthermore, methods and DNA molecules useful for producing plant cells containing modified 7S seed storage proteins are also disclosed. The invention is exemplified by insertion of an oligonucleotide encoding 15 amino acid residues, including 6 methionines, into a Phaseolus vulgaris phaseolin gene, thereby tripling its content of sulfur-containing amino acids.

Abstract: A protein and gene encoding it are disclosed which confer sensitivity to B. maydis T toxin and the insecticide methomyl, in cells carrying the gene and expressing the protein. Toxin sensitivity domains of the protein have been identified wherein a modification yields a toxin-insensitive product.

Abstract: A DNA fragment is provided which is a plant enhancer element capable of activating or enhancing the transcription level of a plant-expressible gene consisting essentially of a consensus sequence selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## and its reverse sequence. Said DNA fragment may also contain a second sequence 5'-ACGTAAGCGCTTACGT-3'. These sequences bind with ocs transcription factor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of inserting viral DNA, which optionally may contain cargo-DNA, into plants or viable parts thereof, but preferably into plants of the monocotyledon class, and most preferably into plants of the family Gramineae, using suitable transfer microorganisms. Further comprised by the invention are recombinant DNA, plasmid and vector molecules suitably adapted to the specific conditions of the process according to the invention and the transgenic plant products obtainable in accordance with the said process.

Abstract: Synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes designed to be expressed in plants at a level higher than naturally-occurring Bt genes are provided. These genes utilize codons preferred in highly expressed monocot or dicot proteins.

Abstract: Synthetic Baccilus thuringiensis toxin genes designed to be expressed in plants at a level higher than naturally-occurring Bt genes are provided. These genes utilize codons preferred in highly expressed monocot or dicot proteins.