Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent which causes skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency. The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent which causes skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency. The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene.

Abstract: According to the present invention, the amount of a plasmablast (PB) in a sample of a relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patient can be measured, thereby predicting the therapeutic effect of interferon beta (IFN-?) or predicting a RRMS case for which the continuous administration of IFN-? is difficult due to the manifestation of a serious adverse reaction or the aggravation of concomitant immune disorder. In addition, the amount of PB in a sample of a RRMS patient can also be measured, thereby predicting the therapeutic effect of an IL-6 inhibitor in the treatment of RRMS. As a result, a treatment method effective for patients not suitable for IFN-? in the treatment of RRMS can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides new methods of intervention for anxiety associated disorders, in particular, trauma-derived disorders such as PTSD, and therapeutic or prophylactic agents for anxiety associated disorders that can be used as foods, beverages, and dietary supplements, for example, and which contain as an active ingredient n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in krill oil or fish oil, for example. The present invention further provides methods for alleviating fear memory or methods for preventing its formation by adjusting the proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids as ingested.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition which causes skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which causes skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency. The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical agent which causes skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency. The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 55th, 45th, 50th or 44th exon in the human dystrophin gene.

Abstract: The present invention provides new methods of intervention for anxiety associated disorders, in particular, trauma-derived disorders such as PTSD, and therapeutic or prophylactic agents for anxiety associated disorders that can be used as foods, beverages, and dietary supplements, for example, and which contain as an active ingredient n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in krill oil or fish oil, for example. The present invention further provides methods for alleviating fear memory or methods for preventing its formation by adjusting the proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids as ingested.

Abstract: A method includes providing a eukaryotic cell including mutant mtDNA in which there is at least one mutation in the mtDNA, allowing the cell to come into contact with an active oxygen species or a chemical species that generates such an active oxygen species in the cell (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) and thereby changing the percentage of mutant mtDNA (mitochondrial genomic DNA) in the cell as a result of the contact. Also featured are cells obtained by the above-described method.

Abstract: Muscle degenerative diseases can be detected in the early stage and the therapeutic efficacy of a therapeutic agent and/or a therapy method for the diseases can be determined by measuring 11,15-dioxo-9?-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostan-1,20-dioic acid (referred to as “Tetranor-PGDM”, hereinbelow) in a sample isolated from a subject.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a method for conveniently introducing a nucleic acid, a peptide, and/or a low-molecular-weight compound into an empty capsid with viral early infection activities kept. The present invention provides a method for producing a drug delivery particle, comprising the steps of: mixing an empty capsid or an empty particle with a drug including a nucleic acid, a peptide, and/or a low-molecular-weight compound in a solution comprising 0.1 to 20% of a surfactant; and keeping the obtained mixed solution at ?5 to 50° C. to introduce the drug into the empty capsid or the empty particle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition which causes skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene with a high efficiency. The present invention provides an oligomer which efficiently enables to cause skipping of the 53rd exon in the human dystrophin gene.

Abstract: An agent for selectively suppressing the expression of a dominant allele while allowing expression of wild-type or desired alleles and methods for using the agent are described. The RNAi agent has a structure obtained by assigning a dominant point mutation in the targeted allele as a standard point, setting a base length from the standard point to the 5? end to a predetermined length, and introducing one mismatch base differing from the target sequence to a predetermined position downstream from the standard point.

Abstract: The invention is a glycolipid useful in treating autoimmune diseases and a medicine thereof as active ingredient for autoimmune diseases, represented by the formula wherein R1 is an aldopyranose group, R2 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group, R3 is —CH2—, —CH(OH)—CH2— or —CH?CH—, R4 is a hydrogen atom or CH3, x is 0-35, y and z represent integers satisfying y+z=0-3.

Abstract: Novel markers associated with the development of muscular dystrophy that elucidate the mechanisms of muscular dystrophy development and provide a means for diagnosis and treatment of muscular dystrophy are presented. The expression level of one or more markers selected from the group consisting of c-Fos, EGR1, IL-6, and IL-8 in a sample obtained from the subject can be compared with a reference value to diagnose muscular dystrophy in the subject.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method, which comprises allowing a eukaryotic cell to come into contact with a reactive oxygen species or a chemical species that generates such a reactive oxygen species in the cell, and thereby changing the percentage of mutant mtDNA (mitochondrial genomic DNA) in the cell, and cells obtained by the above-described method. The present invention relates to a method, which comprises allowing cells to come into contact with a reactive oxygen species by, for example, adding the reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide to a medium containing the cells, and then culturing the cells under suitable culture conditions, so that the percentage of mtDNA having specific mutation in the cell can be changed. In addition, the present invention also relates to cells, in which the percentage of the mtDNA having specific mutation has been changed by the above-described method.

Abstract: Muscle degenerative diseases can be detected in the early stage and the therapeutic efficacy of a therapeutic agent and/or a therapy method for the diseases can be determined by measuring 11,15-dioxo-9?-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostan-1,20-dioic acid (referred to as “Tetranor-PGDM”, hereinbelow) in a sample isolated from a subject.

Abstract: Novel glycolipid derivatives, where the substituent of the sphingosine base part is a short carbon chain alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and efficient synthetic methods for practical mass production of the same and intermediates useful for the synthesis of these compounds. Glycolipids having the formula (I): where R3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 linear alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and R8 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C35 alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group are chemically synthesized.

Abstract: Novel glycolipid derivatives, where the substituent of the sphingosine base part is a short carbon chain alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and efficient synthetic methods for practical mass production of the same and intermediates useful for the synthesis of these compounds. Glycolipids having the formula (I): where R3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 linear alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and R8 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C35 alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group are chemically synthesized.

Abstract: Novel glycolipid derivatives, where the substituent of the sphingosine base part is a short carbon chain alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and efficient synthetic methods for practical mass production of the same and intermediates useful for the synthesis of these compounds. Glycolipids having the formula (I): where R3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C7 linear alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group and R8 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C35 alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group are chemically synthesized.