Abstract: A process for efficiently producing hydrocarbon/phenol resin having a satisfactory hue through reaction of phenol with an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon having two or more carbon—carbon double bonds in the presence of an acid catalyst, which comprises (1) a step in which the molar fraction of ether type reaction products to all the reaction products is regulated to at least 0.1 and (2) a step in which the ether type reaction products yielded by the progress of the reaction is substantially eliminated. The hydrocarbon/phenol resin thus obtained is reacted with an epihalohydrin in the presence of a base catalyst to obtain an epoxy resin having an excellent hue.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon solvent comprising a fraction which is obtained by reacting styrene and cumene in the presence of an acid catalyst and contains 85% by weight or more of 1-phenyl-1-(p-isopropylphenyl)ethane and 5% by weight or less of total styrene dimers, and a pressure-sensitive copying material made using said solvent. The hydrocarbon solvent is inexpensive and excellent in dissolving power for dyes, color-developing rate and so forth, and is satisfactorily odorless.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a tetracyclododecene composition having a regulated cyclopentadiene trimer content, whereby addition polymerization with the aid of a Ziegler catalyst can be carried out while preventing gelation caused by a cross-linking reaction. A tetracyclododecene composition regulated with respect to the content of a specific ingredient having a molecular weight of 188 is disclosed, whereby polymers having high glass transition temperatures can be obtained through various polymerizations. Further, the present invention is drawn to a method for producing tetracyclododecene in the presence of an aliphatic solvent having a boiling point close to that of norbornene, which solvent is effective in inhibiting the recovered norbornene from solidifying.

Abstract: A cooling medium and a cooling device for optical equipment using the same, which cooling medium has a refractive index in a specific range, hardly causes the problem to dissolve or swell plastic lens and other component parts, and is flame retardant. The cooling medium comprises a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least one cross linkage and has a flash point of 120° C. or above and a melting point of −20° C. or below. The space between a pair of transparent optical members of a cooling device for optical equipment, is filled with the cooling medium.

Abstract: An efficient dehalogenation can be carried out by a method which comprises treating an organic compound containing a compound of halogen, such as fluorine or chlorine, as an impurity and having non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds, for example, butene polymer produced with a boron trifluoride catalyst, with an inorganic solid treating agent containing aluminum atoms. When the dehalogenation is conducted in the presence of a basic substance such as ammonia or an amine, it can be continued over long while inhibiting the isomerization of the non-conjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: Boron trifluoride can be recovered in a reusable state by a method that is economical and does not cause environmental pollution, which method comprises the steps of bringing a fluid containing boron trifluoride or its complex into contact with metal fluoride so as to selectively adsorb and remove boron trifluoride in the complex and heating the resultant metal tetrafluoroborate at a temperature in the range of 100 to 600° C. to separate it into boron trifluoride and metal fluoride. By applying the method to a process for producing polybutene or olefin oligomer using boron trifluoride complex catalyst, the catalyst can be recovered with retaining its activity and reused effectively.

Abstract: A process for producing a phenolic resin of good hue, characterized by reacting a hydroxylated aromatic compound with an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compound in the presence of both active hydrogen and a reducing metal compound with the aid of an acid catalyst, subsequently deactivating the catalyst, and then removing the catalyst, the metal compound, and the starting materials remaining unreacted; and a process for producing an epoxy resin which comprises a step of reacting the phenolic resin with an epihalohydrin. By these processes, a phenolic resin and an epoxy resin are obtained which each is colored little and has an excellent hue. These resins are useful as resins for electrically insulating materials, especially as resins for semiconductor encapsulation materials and for laminated plates.

Abstract: An inexpensive method for producing trimethylhydroquinone free from the problem of the disposal of waste catalyst, which method comprises the steps of: (1) reacting isophorone in the presence of an acid catalyst and recovering &bgr;-isophorone by distiiulation, (2) oxidizing the &bgr;-isophorone in the presence of amorphous carbon and a base to obtain 4-oxoisophorone, (3) reacting the 4-oxoisophorone with an acid anhydride in a liquid phase or with a carboxylic acid in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to obtain trimethylhydroquinones, and (4) hydrolyzing the trimethylhydroquinones to obtaining trimethylhydroquinone.

Abstract: Adipic acid diester is caused to react with alkoxide M(OR)n, wherein R is an alkyl group and M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, the reaction product is successively subjected either to coupling with halomethylstyrene followed by carbonylation, or to coupling with 2-(halomethylphenyl)propionic acid or its ester followed by decarboxylation and hydrolysis. With this process, it is possible to produce more efficiently a specific 2-substituted propionic acid, loxoprofen.

Abstract: A process for producing phenol resin having good color tone, which process comprises reacting hydroxyl group-containing aromatic compound and unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon under the condition that the moisture is 100 ppm or less and the concentration of Friedel-Crafts catalyst is 0.07 mass % or less in a reaction system and a process for producing epoxy resin having good color tone, which process comprises reacting the obtained phenol resin and epihalohydrin in the presence of base catalyst, removing remaining catalyst and further removing unreacted epihalohydrin.

Abstract: Tetrahydroindene is dehydrogenated in a vapor phase in the presence of a metallic catalyst, e.g., a nickel-molybdenum catalyst, to produce indene, which is industrially useful in high yield while inhibiting the catalyst from suffering a decrease in activity. In particular, a higher yield can be attained by a method in which tetrahydroindene is dehydrogenated to first convert it into indane, which is further dehydrogenated to obtain indene.

Abstract: A method for producing an aromatic compound styrenic compound adduct comprising the steps of: (1) reacting an aromatic compound and a styrenic compound in a first reactor 1 of fixed-bed flow type in a liquid phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, (2) circulating a part of the reaction mixture from the above step to the first reactor 1, (3) feeding a reaction mixture flowing out from the first reactor to a second reactor 3, thereby reducing the content of unsaturated components with the aid of a solid acid catalyst, and (4) distilling the resultant reaction mixture, to thereby obtain a fraction having a reduced content of unsaturated components. The method can be used for producing an aromatic compound/styrenic compound adduct having a reduced content of unsaturated components in high yield and at a low cost.

Abstract: An inexpensive method for producing trimethylhydroquinone free from the problem of the disposal of waste catalyst, which method comprises the steps of: (1) reacting isophorone in the presence of an acid catalyst and recovering &bgr;-isophorone by distillation, (2) oxidizing the &bgr;-isophorone in the presence of amorphous carbon and a base to obtain 4-oxoisophorone, (3) reacting the 4-oxoisophorone with an acid anhydride in a liquid phase or with a carboxylic acid in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to obtain trimethylhydroquinones, and (4) hydrolyzing the trimethylhydroquinones to obtaining trimethylhydroquinone.

Abstract: An inexpensive method for producing trimethylhydroquinone free from the problem of the disposal of waste catalyst, which method comprises the steps of: (1) reacting isophorone in the presence of an acid catalyst and recovering &bgr;-isophorone by distiiulation, (2) oxidizing the &bgr;-isophorone in the presence of amorphous carbon and a base to obtain 4-oxoisophorone, (3) reacting the 4-oxoisophorone with an acid anhydride in a liquid phase or with a carboxylic acid in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to obtain trimethylhydroquinones, and (4) hydrolyzing the trimethylhydroquinones to obtaining trimethylhydroquinone.

Abstract: It is possible to produce butene polymer at high yield, which polymer contains 80 mol % or more of polymer molecules having terminal vinylidene structure and being low in the content of residual organic fluorine by a process comprising Step (I) to polymerize in liquid phase by adding complex catalyst composed of boron trifluoride, ether and alcohol and/or water in specified ratios to C4 fractions and Step (II) to reduce the content of trimer and lighter components contained in the obtained polymer to 0.2% by weight or less by distillation.

Abstract: A mono-olefin hydrocarbon and/or a di-olefin hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula (3) is selectively produced by dehydrogenating or oxidative-dehydrogenating a mixture of any one of hydrocarbons among the hydrocarbons represented by the following general formula (1) and any one of hydrocarbons among the hydrocarbons represented by the following general formula (2), followed by distillation;

Abstract: A joined metal-resin plate body having a metal plate (1, 12) and a resin plate (2, 13) joined together, in which an insert member having a through-hole therein is embedded in the resin plate. The insert member is in close contact with the resin of the resin plate in the outer periphery of the insert member except for the faces where the through-hole opens. The metal plate has a metallic joining member (4, 16) adhered thereto. The resin plate is joined to the metal plate with the aid of the joining member fitted in the through-hole. The insert member and the surrounding resin have elastic stresses (F3, F4), which give rise to a sufficient joining strength among the joining member, the insert member and the resin plate. The stress of the surrounding resin is due to elastic deformation. The amount (V2-V3) of the elastic deformation is smaller than the amount (V2) of deformation of the insert member which can give rise to an elastic stress (F3) of the insert member.

Abstract: A fraction of low bromine number mainly containing a styrenic compound/aromatic compound adduct can be attained, by feeding reaction materials of a styrenic compound and an aromatic compound to a fixed-bed flow reactor packed with a solid acid catalyst in a liquid phase at a temperature in the range of 40 to 350° C. to form a styrenic compound/aromatic compound adduct, in which (1) the feed of reaction materials is stopped when the bromine number of the above fraction is increased up to a predetermined value, (2) a saturated aromatic hydrocarbon having a mean value of the proportion of aromatic ring carbons in a molecule of 55% or more is fed to the reactor in a liquid phase at a temperature higher by 5 to 150° C. than that of the reaction mixture just before the above stopping, and (3) the feed of reaction materials is then restarted to obtain the fraction.

Abstract: An inexpensive method for producing trimethylhydroquinone free from the problem of the disposal of waste catalyst, which method comprises the steps of: (1) reacting isophorone in the presence of an acid catalyst and recovering &bgr;-isophorone by distillation, (2) oxidizing the &bgr;-isophorone in the presence of amorphous carbon and a base to obtain 4-oxoisophorone, (3) reacting the 4-oxoisophorone with an acid anhydride in a liquid phase or with a carboxylic acid in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to obtain trimethylhydroquinones, and (4) hydrolyzing the trimethylhydroquinones to obtaining trimethylhydroquinone.

Abstract: A method to produce diarylmethane or its derivatives by condensation reaction can be carried out without difficulty and without the deterioration of catalyst, and the intended product can be produced inexpensively by recovering and recycling used alcohol. In the method, dimethoxymethane and an aromatic compound are reacted at a temperature of 80 to 400° C. with an acid catalyst. Further, the method comprises the steps of (1) reacting alcohol with formaldehyde using an acid catalyst to obtain acetal; (2) reacting the acetal and an aromatic compound using an acid catalyst to obtain a reaction mixture containing diarylmethane or its derivatives and alcohol; (3) separating and recovering diarylmethane or its derivatives and alcohol from the reaction mixture, and (4) recycling at least a portion of the recovered alcohol to the step (1).